Chronicle of the government crisis in Ivory Coast in March 2011

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The chronicle of the government crisis in Ivory Coast in March 2011 records the events in connection with the government crisis in Ivory Coast 2010/2011 .

The chronology is arranged according to years and months. Events that take effect over a longer period of time are sorted at the earliest possible date.

date event place description Note, sources
2nd March Security Council The United Nations Security Council expressed concern about a resurgence of civil war and condemned " threats, destruction and senseless violence ".
Security Council meeting room
3 March assessment The International Crisis Group warned in its Africa report of an imminent civil war in Ivory Coast. Laurent Gbagbo is willing to stay in power, even if that means anarchy and economic decline for the country. The most likely development is an " armed conflict with massive violence against civilians ", which could result in military intervention by neighboring states.
Laurent Gbagbo (2007)
3 March Victims / refugees According to the United Nations (UN), 200,000 people have fled the fighting since the controversial presidential election . At least 365 people lost their lives in the fighting. Since the Ivorian military rarely publishes numbers of its own dead and killed civilians, this number is to be regarded as the lower limit.
March 2-3 Struggles In 24 hours , 26 people were killed in fighting , especially in Abidjan .
3 March Victim Abidjan Up to ten women were killed at a rally for Alassane Ouattara by uniformed men who fired heavy machine guns at random into the crowd of several hundred demonstrators. A spokesman for Gbagbo's armed forces described the incident as an error.
Alassane Ouattara
3 March economy Many companies had evacuated their foreign employees. While the chocolate manufacturer Barry Callebaut was still producing, the cement manufacturer Holcim had already flown them out by that time. Société Générale de Surveillance was in the middle of the evacuation and Nestlé was only doing limited work.
4th of March Struggles Abobo in Abidjan The district was completely under the control of the so-called " Invisible Commandos ". A " Captain Aka " who posed as their leader claimed not to support Gbagbo or Ouattara.
Location Abobos within Abidjan
4th of March Victim Yopougon in Abidjan According to newspaper reports, at least eight civilians have been burned alive in the district since February 28.
7th March Struggles On the old front line of the civil war in the middle of the country, the rebels of the Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire (FN) took Toulépleu and other cities in the following days. At the same time, the fighting in Abidjan expanded, with the supporters of Ouattara getting the upper hand and advancing to the presidential palace, the seat of Gbagbo. These armed followers of Ouattara in Abidjan called themselves "Invisible Commands" and had largely taken control of Abobo.
The division after the civil war. Dark the rebel areas, light the government-controlled areas.
7th March cocoa Gbagbo banned the cocoa trade in a decree that was read on state television . From now on, this may only be sold to the state and exported through it.

8th of March cocoa Due to international sanctions, an estimated 475,000 tons of cocoa beans were in the camps in Ivory Coast.
8th of March cocoa The cocoa price reacted to Gbagbo's decree the day before with another price jump. At the beginning of March, the rate was at $ 3775 per ton, a 32-year high. Analysts at Commerzbank expected a further escalation of the situation with an increase to more than 4,000 dollars per ton.
8th of March No flight Gbagbo imposed a flight and landing ban for aircraft of the Opération des Nations Unies en Côte d'Ivoire (ONUCI) and the French Opération Licorne over Ivorian territory.
8th of March Struggles Abidjan After a women's march, the follow-up event of the rally in which seven women were killed on March 3, violent clashes broke out between armed youth and the presidential guard. Four people died in the process. The women's rally itself, protected by armed Ouattara supporters, went without incident.
8th of March Struggles Port-Bouët in Abidjan A rally of around 200 women was attacked by 50 Gbagbo militiamen with machetes and rifles.
8th of March Struggles Treichville in Abidjan A peace rally by Christians and Muslims was attacked by security forces after young protesters ransacked the shops of Lebanese people believed to be loyal to the Gbagbo.
8th of March refugees The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) counted 300,000 people who were on the run within Abidjan. In addition there are 75,000 who fled to Liberia from the west of the Ivory Coast . The International Organization for Migration (IOM) also spoke of 70,000 refugees in the western Vvorian mountain forest areas.
8th of March refugees Duékoué and Guiglo The IOM stated that it was stopping work in the cities because Gbagbo supporters south of the Tolepleu-Bloléquin road were forcing migrants (including from Burkina Faso ) and Ivorians to flee to the forests north of Toulépleu .
9th March cocoa The French Foreign Ministry declared the March 7th decree nationalizing the cocoa trade invalid because the Gbagbo government was illegitimate.
9th March diplomacy Ouattara left the Hotel du Golf for the first time , where he has been under the protection of 800 UN peacekeepers since the beginning of the crisis, in order to attend a special meeting of the African Union Security Council (AU) in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa . This takes place on March 10th. Gbagbo was represented.
March 10th diplomacy Africa The African Union (AU) recognized Ouattara as president. At a special meeting of her Security Council in Ethiopia , she demanded immediate installation by the Ivorian authorities. It also decided to install a special envoy to negotiate Gbagbo's withdrawal over the next two weeks. Ouattara was present at the meeting in person, while Gbagbo sent two representatives. One of Gbagbo's representatives, Pascal Affi N'Guessan , described the resolutions as “ unacceptable ” and accused the AU of being responsible for possible further escalations. March 24th was set as the date for the next special meeting.
Flag of the AU
March 10th Struggles Tiébissou Heavy artillery fire was reported from the town in the buffer zone since 8 p.m. and continued well into the night.
Weekend of March 12th and 13th Struggles Abobo in Abidjan Troops from Gbagbo launched the most intense offensive yet. But they were repulsed. Heavy weapons, tanks and troop transports were used. Fighting has been reported in the area around the station.
Weekend of March 12th and 13th Struggles Doké The rebels continued their offensive and, by their own account, took the fourth town.
the 14th of March Struggles The rebels report the capture of a fourth city in the west of the country.
the 14th of March Hotel du Golf Abidjan Ouattara had returned from the AU special session.
Night from March 14th to 15th Struggles Adjamé in Abidjan In the district, fighters of the invisible commandos tried to storm a barracks of the riot police CRS.
Night from March 14th to 15th Struggles Yopougon in Abidjan The residence of Philippe Mangou , the commander in chief of the armed forces, was attacked.
Philippe Mangou (2008)
March, 15 General mobilization Gbagbo called the commanders of the armed forces to ensure their support. Charles Blé Goudé , leader of the Jeunes Patriotes and supporter of Gbagbo, announced a general mobilization on the same day.
17. March Struggles Abobo in Abidjan ONUCI's operation spokesman Hamadane Toure said 30 civilians died from six rockets fired by Gbagbo's forces in a market.
17. March FRCI Ouattara created the Forces républicaines de Côte d'Ivoire (FRCI) by decree . They should be composed of the FN and members of the armed forces loyal to him and represent the future army of the Ivory Coast.
Fighter of the Forces Nouvelles (2005)
17. March Struggles Duékoué Fighting between Gbagbo forces and units of the rebel coalition supporting Ouattara has been reported.
March, 20th offensive The FRCI began their first major offensive. Since then, the defense of the city of Duékoué, allegedly with help from Liberia, has been massively strengthened by the Gbagbo-loyal Liberation Front of the Great West (FLGO).
March 21st refugees The UN announced that around 300,000 people have fled since the conflict began, the majority of them from Abidjan.
Refugees from the Ivory Coast in a UNHCR or Norwegian camp in Liberia wait for food to be served (March 16, 2011)
March 21st propaganda Gbagbo's youth minister, Charles Blé Goudé, announced that the government was planning to distribute arms to loyal sections of the population.
March 21st Struggles Aboudé-Mandéké Young people stopped a bus carrying thirty travelers from Mali , Niger , Burkina Faso and Mauritania . They looted the bus that was headed north and killed a passenger.
2nd March massacre Bedi-Gouzan Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported a massacre in the village near Duékoué . 27 immigrants from Mali are said to have been killed. The attackers were armed with rifles, rocket launchers and machetes. The perpetrators are said to have been local FLGO militiamen.
March 22 refugees Duékoué There were thousands of refugees in the Catholic mission. As the war continued, the number rose to around 40,000.
March 24th offensive The FN continued their offensive on the border with Liberia in the west of the Ivory Coast and stood before Guiglo . According to their own information, they wanted to cleanse the region of Liberian militias who are helping Gbagbo. According to the Onuci, the situation was chaotic and looting occurred. A UNHCR camp was ransacked by militiamen.
March 24th Victim According to the UN, 462 people have died since the beginning of the crisis.
25th March refugees The UNHCR announced that the number of refugees has skyrocketed. It is estimated that over a million people have now been displaced from Abidjan alone.
25th March diplomacy France Nicolas Sarkozy called for a UN resolution to ban heavy weapons in Abidjan.
Nicolas Sarkozy (2008)
25th March Human rights The UN Human Rights Council passed a resolution introduced by Nigeria . This demanded that the violence should end and that the work of the humanitarian organizations should be facilitated. In addition, a commission of inquiry was sent to present an interim report in June 2011.
Logo of the UN Human Rights Council
26th of March diplomacy Ouattara turned down José Brito as a mediator for the AU on the grounds that Brito would maintain personal contacts with Gbagbo.
Night from March 27th to 28th offensive Bondoukou The rebels took control of the northeastern city.
Night from March 27th to 28th Struggles Abidjan Several people died in fighting.
Tomorrow March 28th Struggles Duékoué Under the command of Lossani Fofana , the FRCI moved into the city in several places and fought heavy fighting with the FLGO militias, which the FRCI referred to as " mercenaries and militiamen ". According to newspapers loyal to FRCI, there were many deaths.
Between March 28th and 30th massacre Duékoué Several hundred people were killed in a massacre. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) spoke of more than 800 victims. The city had been taken by Ouattara's troops the day before. Most of the victims were killed by Ouattara troops. Previously, Gbagbo's militias and mercenaries had mainly attacked people from the north of the country and killed more than 100.
28th March offensive With Operation Restoration of Peace and Democracy, the FRCI massively accelerated their advance across the entire width of the buffer zone. Previously, talks were held between the leadership of the Forces armées nationales de Côte d'Ivoire (FANCI) and the paramilitary gendarmerie to end the resistance against Ouattara. A visible sign of the negotiations was the lifting of the blockade on the Hotel du Golf .
28th March offensive With the exception of Duékoué, the FRCI encountered little resistance in their offensive.
28th March offensive According to its own information, FRCI troops were already 100 kilometers south of Bondoukou .
28th March Looting Kokoma in Duékoué In the migrant quarter, the local imam was killed and houses set on fire and looted.
March 29 offensive Daloa According to the rebels themselves, they controlled the city on March 29, among other things.
Morning of March 29th Duékoué The first major city was conquered by the rebels. According to other reports, it was captured on March 28th. For the first time the extent of the advance became apparent, which is why the Gbagbo armed forces defended the city with particular stubbornness.
March 29 offensive In the Abidjan newspaper Nord-Sud on March 29, the local Gbagbo army commander Célestin Koffi was quoted as saying: “ Duékoué cannot fall, it is not possible, it is not even conceivable. ". In the days before, FLGO militiamen erected roadblocks asking for money, ransacked a UNHCR camp in the city, robbed Doctors Without Borders vehicles and set fire to the homes of North and Central Ivorians.
March 29 plunder Duékoué The newspaper Fraternité-Matin in Abidjan spoke two days later, on March 31, of the looting of the prefecture, the sub-prefecture, the tax authority, the city treasury and the houses of the Gbagbo election campaign leadership in Duékoué by the conquerors.
March 29 offensive After the capture of Duekoue, the resistance of Gbagbo's troops decreased massively and only increased again after the capture of Abidjan.
March 29 Victim Duékoué According to HRW, units from Ouattaras executed many suspected Gbagbo supporters, raped their wives and burned their homes when they took the city.
March 29 Victim Duékoué According to the ICRC, 800 people in the city were killed in the whole day. The Caritas said more than 1,000 people dead or missing. ONUCI put the number of deaths by March 31 at 330.
March 29 massacre Duékoué ONUCI found 130 bodies in two mass graves. In addition, 200 dead were found in the streets. According to the UN, in 230 cases the FRCI is responsible and the FLGO is responsible in 100 cases.
March 29 massacre Duékoué The ICRC cited “ ethnic rivalries ” as the reason for the massacre .
March 29 massacre Duékoué According to ONUCI, 100 people were murdered by Gbagbo militias during the battle for Duékoué and spoke of a “ war crime ”.
March 29 massacre Duékoué The ONUCI stated that 230 people were killed in Duekoue by Dozo , members of traditional hunter associations from the north of Côte d'Ivoire. Ouattara claimed that the Dozo would not serve in the FRCI, contradicting reports that when the FRCI invaded Abidjan, Dozo was recognized by their headdresses and amulets.
March 29 massacre Duékoué According to a preliminary investigation by the human rights department of the ONUCI, FRCI soldiers occupied the FLGO militia camp " Colombo " divided the people into women or children and men. The men were then taken away and executed.
March 29 Secret The UN confirmed investigations into the disappearance of confidential documents. These are said to have had the data from helicopter missions on the subject. The information may have gone to Gbagbo, who may have used it to kidnap two UN workers who have been missing since early February.
March 29 massacre Duékoué The human rights organization International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) claims that at least 800 people have died violently in Duékoué since November. According to them, according to eyewitnesses, there were " targeted executions of people of the Guéré ethnic group in the Carrefour district " on March 29 .
March 29 massacre Duékoué According to the Ivorian Human Rights League (LIDHO), 816 men were killed that day. The organization spoke of an act of genocide out of revenge that had preceded many similar cases in Duékoué. LIDHO also claims that Liberian militias recruited by Gbagbo's armed forces killed several dozen people in Guiglo .
March 29 massacre Duékoué A spokesman for the FRCI denied responsibility. The dead were “ militiamen, not civilians ”. According to him, however, the FRCI found numerous mass graves of the Gbagbo militias in other cities.
March 29 Struggles Anyama Heavy fighting was reported from the city near Abidjan.
March 29 refugees Hundreds of thousands had fled north of Abidjan by that day. Around 110,000 Ivorians had left their country for Liberia by then .
March 29 offensive Daloa One city dweller spoke of FRCI troops on the streets and applause from city dwellers for them. The paratrooper academy in town is said to have been taken over and the leader was reportedly killed by FRCI soldiers.
Afternoon of March 30th offensive The Forces républicaines de Côte d'Ivoire moved into the capital Yamoussoukro and Abengourou and Bouaflé .
Ouattara troops offensive at the end of March 2011
March 30 U.N. ONUCI's mandate has been made more robust. The UN soldiers were allowed to intervene in the use of heavy weapons against the civilian population.
March 30 Security Council The UN Security Council will decide on further sanctions against Gbagbo on March 30th (local time). In Resolution 1975 , introduced by Nigeria and France , Laurent Gbagbo , his wife Simone , the General Secretary of the Presidency Désiré Tagro , the chairman of the Front Populaire Ivoirien Pascal Affi N'Guessan and the close adviser Gbagbo's Alcide Djédjé are banned from traveling. In addition, the accounts of those affected were frozen. Gbagbo could avert the sanctions by resigning from office immediately.
Désiré Asségnini Tagro (2008)
Simone Gbabgbo (2006)
Evening of March 30th Escape Abidjan Philippe Mangou, Gbagbo's army chief, fled to the South African embassy in Abidjan with his family. Gbagbo started the intensive recruitment of members of the Jeunes Patriotes in order to make up for the disadvantage caused by mass desertions in the past week.
Evening of March 30th offensive Gagnoa The FRCI captured Gbagbo's hometown.
TT. March politics Duékoué A minister from the Ouattara government visits the city.
March 30 Victim Duékoué According to a reporter from the Ouattara-related website “ Lebanco ”, bodies are lying on the streets. In the Guéré district and the Carrefour militia headquarters, houses are burning and there are traces of war everywhere.
Night from March 30th to March 31st diplomacy Angola According to the newspaper Lettre du Continent , 130 Angolan soldiers have been withdrawn from the presidential palace in Abidjan. High-ranking members of the Angolan ruling party MPLA spoke out in favor of ending the alliance with Gbagbo.
Morning of March 31st Assembly Abidjan Calls were circulated to members of the Jeunes Patriotes to gather in front of the presidential palace.
Morning of March 31st offensive Nzianouan Columns of FRCI vehicles were seen by residents of the city, 130 kilometers northwest of Abidjan.
Evening of March 30th or March 31st offensive San-Pédro The FRCI conquers the most important cocoa export port.
Noon March 31st offensive The FRCI is about 100 kilometers from Abidjan .
March 31 intervention Abidjan The French soldiers of Opération Licorne stationed in the country were positioned at strategic points in the city. Gbagbo can only rely on its special forces. Police officers and gendarmes had terminated his allegiance. Many officers defected. Several Gbagbo's generals had left the South African embassy.
March 31 Cocoa price With the fall of San-Pédro, the cocoa price plummeted by 10 percent.
March 31 offensive The FRCI encountered little resistance. In the cocoa belt, Gbagbo's homeland, his troops withdrew or overflowed.
March 31 jail Abidjan In the Maison d'Arrêt et de Correction d'Abidjan , the largest prison in the Ivory Coast, all 5,000 prisoners were released and armed.
March 31 offensive Koumassi in Abidjan Fighters of the " invisible commandos " are supposed to patrol the streets.
March 31 Skirmishes Adjamé in Abidjan There were heavy fighting around a gendarmerie barracks called Agban which lasted all night.
Past weeks before March 31st offensive There were very many sick leave from the gendarmerie and the police. It was assumed that these were done in order not to be used in the contested districts of Abobo or Yopougon.
March 31 control Abidjan According to a correspondent for TV broadcaster BFM TV, French soldiers, presumably from Opération Licorne, patrolled and were posted at strategic points.
March 31 evacuation Supported by soldiers from Opération Licorne, ONUCI began evacuating its civilian personnel to Bouaké , a stronghold of the FRCI, and to Ghana .
Days before March 31st Armament The army began distributing weapons to young followers of the Jeunes Patriotes.
March 31 Roadblocks According to HRW, the army put up roadblocks. Attacks on UN officials, Western diplomats, foreign migrant workers and alleged Ouattara supporters were reported there.
March 31; 9:00 p.m. ultimatum An ultimatum from Guillaume Soro to Gbagbo expired. He should resign or he would be wanted and arrested. Alain Toussaint , an adviser to Gbagbo, said Gbagbo would neither resign nor be arrested.
Guillaume Soro (2008)
Evening of March 31st loyalty Hotel du Golf The chiefs of the presidential guard and the gendarmerie met at Ouattara and the leaders of the police and army also expressed their loyalty by April 1st.
Evening of March 31st politics Ouattara ordered a closure of the borders and a night curfew for Abidjan.
March 31; late evening media The state television broadcaster Radiodiffusion-Télévision ivoirienne (RTI) began to broadcast only documentaries and completely dispensed with current reports. The FRCI reportedly captured the station's headquarters in Abidjan.
Night from March 31st to April 1st Skirmishes Abidjan An AFP reporter reported fighting with heavy weapons near the Presidential Palace in the Plateau district . The presidential residence in the Cocody district was also the target of attacks. Ouattara's spokesman Patrick Achi confirmed attacks by the FRCI. In the telephone interview with the BBC , he stated that apart from the Presidential Palace and the Presidential Residence, the whole country is under the control of the FRCI. It was unclear whether Gbagbo was in the residence at the time.
Night from March 31st to April 1st Skirmishes Abidjan Heavy artillery fighting between the FRCI and the Gbagbo-loyal Forces de défense et de sécurité (FDS) could be heard all night .
Map of Abidjan with the main sites of the storming (French)
Night from March 31st to April 1st Victim Abidjan A 30-year-old Swedish United Nations worker died, possibly from a ricochet, in her home.
Night from March 31st to April 1st Skirmish Abidjan According to eyewitness reports, a battle with many dead took place between the invisible commandos and the FRCI around the building of the RTI. The alleged reason was Ibrahim Coulibaly's request to have a message read out, according to which he should take over power as head of a military transitional government. The fighting allowed the Republican Guards to retake the building later. Ouattara and Coulibaly denied the incidents.

Individual evidence

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