Clan Armstrong
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The Scottish Clan Armstrong comes from the border region between England and Scotland , more precisely between Cumberland and the Scottish Borders , where they were one of the strongest and most influential in the region. The clan has no chief recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms , which is why he is considered the Armigerous Clan .
history
The original race , from the clan emerged later, finds its first documentary mention in 1235 with Adam Armestran in Carlisle . The secured family line begins with Alexander Armgstrand , 3rd Lord of Mangerton, who is listed in Liddesdale, Roxburghshire tax lists from 1378 .
The main line of the clan has produced important personalities in politics and the clergy , as well as notorious robber barons , who with their entourage penetrated deep into English territory and plundered. After years of disputes with the crown and the loss of the ancestral possessions in the Scottish-English border area at the end of the 16th century, a branch line in County Offaly (sometimes also called King's County) founded the Armstrong family . This spread to the Baltic States and Russia at the end of the 18th century and to Austria at the beginning of the 19th century. One branch became the hereditary baronet of the United Kingdom in 1841 .
The clan's motto is Invictus maneo (“I will stay undefeated”).
- Clan badge and coat of arms
The clan badge , the so-called badge , can be used and worn by anyone with their name. The family coat of arms of the former Chiefs, the Armstrong of Mangerton , is reserved for direct descendants only and shows three blue stakes in silver . On the helmet with a silver-blue cover in red a growing natural arm as an ornament , angled, the hand clenched into a fist. In this form, however, the family coat of arms is no longer used by anyone.
- Tartan
The clan tartan is listed in the Vestiarium Scoticum from 1842 as one of nine tartans of the Border Clans.
Naming / origin
The sex is descended from a warrior named Fairbairn, who has rendered outstanding services to the Scottish king. According to this, he is said to have lifted his king, David I , in full battle armor with only one arm on his own horse during the standard battle after the general had lost his. From then on the king called him "Sir Strong Arm", transferrably Armstrong, and enfeoffed him with the rule of Mangerton in the hotly contested border area with England.
There is no reliable information about the origin of this warrior. The legend has it that he had been Anglo-Danish descent and the ancestors in the wake of Knut the Great in the Viking Age to the British Isles have come.
Former possessions
- Reign of Mangerton
- First as feudal men of the Earls of Douglas , later the Earls of Bothwell and finally the Earls and later Dukes of Buccleuch
- Reign of Whitehaugh
- As a fiefdom of the Earls of Bothwell
- Reign of Kinmont
- As a fiefdom of the Earls of Buccleuch
- Langholm reign
- As a fiefdom of Lords Maxwell
- Reign of Gilnockie and Staplegorton
- Also as a fiefdom of Lords Maxwell
Mangerton Castle ruins
Langholm Castle ruins
Personalities
- Alexander Armstrong
- Mr. von Mangerton († 1320), was stabbed from behind by William de Soulis at a feast in the nearby Hermitage Castle .
- Gilbert Armstrong
- († 1376), was provost of the collegiate monastery of St. Mary of the Rock from 1362 and negotiated as envoy the release of King David II from English captivity.
- Rouland Armstrong
- Fought on October 25, 1415 in the victorious Battle of Azincourt in the Hundred Years War as a servant in the entourage of Sir John Gray .
- John Armstrong
- Lord of Gilnockie and Staplegorton († 1530), notorious for his numerous attacks on English territory, was hanged without trial by Jacob V in Caerlanrig , together with about 30 of his followers , an event of which the work The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border by Sir Walter Scott tells.
- William Armstrong
- Lord von Kinmont († 1608), whose illegal capture by the guardian of the English Westmark , Thomas Scrope, 10th Baron Scrope of Bolton , a spectacular liberation on April 13, 1596 by his liege, Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch , and released his troops from Carlisle Fortress .
- Archibald Armstrong
- († 1672), influential advisor at the court of James I , who also took part in the Duke of Buckingham's trip to Spain with the heir to the throne Prince Charles in 1623 , which took place on the occasion of negotiations with King Philip III. about the intended marriage to the Infanta Maria took place.
Armstrong Septs
Septs are families who accept the supremacy of a clan chief. These families are either blood relatives or families that have always been resident in the clan area or have moved in and recognized the clan chief as liege lord .
Family names assigned to the Armstrong Clan:
- Fairbairn
- Crosier
- Nixon
Scottish Gaelic names
- MacGhillielàidir (family name)
- Clann 'icGhillelàidir (collective name)
Allied clans
literature
- Robert Bruce Armstrong: The History of Liddesdale, Eskdale, Ewesdale, Wauchopedale and the Debateable Land. D. Douglas, Edinburgh 1883.
- James Lewis Armstrong (Ed.): Chronicles of the Armstrongs. The Marion Press, Jamaica NY 1902, ( digitized ).
- Gerald Warner: Homelands of the Clans. Collins, London et al. 1980, ISBN 0-00-411128-1 .
- George MacDonald Fraser: The Steel Bonnets. The Story of the Anglo-Scottish Border Reivers. Skyhorse Publishing, New York NY 2008, ISBN 978-1-60239-265-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry on scotsconnection.com
- ↑ History of the Mangerton Tower ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ John Burke, Bernard Burke (Eds.): A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Volume 1. H. Colburn, London 1847, p. 23.
- ↑ Entry on cracroftspeerage.com
- ↑ a b Entry on armstrong.org ( memento of the original from February 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ History of the Hollows Tower, called Gilnockie Tower ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ rampantscotland.com
- ↑ Entry on heritageofscotland.com ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- ClanArmstrong.info (English)
- Clan Armstrong Trust (English)
- The Armstrong Clan Society (English)
- ScotClans (English)
- Gender Scotland crest (English)