Armstrong (noble family)

Family coat of arms of the sex

The Anglo-Irish and later also the Russian-Baltic aristocratic family Armstrong comes from the Scottish clan Armstrong , which was resident in the border area of ​​Scotland and England from 1138 at the latest and was first mentioned in a document in 1235. The family spread to Ireland at the end of the 16th century and later also to German-speaking countries. Branches of the family continue to bloom to this day.

history

origin

The sex comes from a knight named Fairbairn from who has rendered outstanding services to the Scottish king. According to this, he is said to have lifted his king, David I , in full battle armor with only one arm on his own horse during the standard battle after the general had lost his. The king enfeoffed him with the rule of Mangerton in the highly competitive border area with England and gave him the nickname Armstrong . There is no reliable information about the origin of that knight. The legend has it that he had been Anglo-Danish descent and the ancestors in the wake of Knut the Great in the Viking Age to the British Isles have come.

The family was first mentioned in a document about 100 years later in 1235 with Adam Armestran in Carlisle . The secured family line begins with Alexander Armgstrand , 3rd Lord of Mangerton, who is listed in Liddesdale, Roxburghshire tax lists from 1378 .

Moved to Ireland

After ongoing disputes with the Scottish crown, leading members of the Armstrong clan moved from Scotland to Ireland at the end of the 16th century as part of the Plantation of Ireland operated by Queen Elizabeth I. Including Andrew (* 1576, † 1671), later an officer with the royalists under Charles I and grandson of the notorious John Armstrong von Gilnockie, from a sideline of the Lords of Mangerton. He is considered to be the progenitor of the Irish line of the originally Scottish family. His descendants branched out into the three main lines named after their locations Ballycumber, Gallen Priory and Garrycastle, which were primarily wealthy in the counties of Offaly (then called "King's County"), Limerick and Tipperary .

Through their affiliation with the Protestant gentry , the so-called gentry Landed , the family and their peers protected the interests of the English Crown in Ireland. Some family members held high political and military offices, which increased their influence. Traditionally, most of the male members of the family served as officers, with some branches returning to Scotland and England. Not uncommon at the time, a number of members were also in the service of other European countries, including countries of the German Confederation , the Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire .

Spread in the German-speaking area

In particular, members of the houses of Ballycumber and Garrycastle settled permanently in German-speaking countries, including the Baltic region, from the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century . For the branch that immigrated to Russia, the aristocratic naturalization took place in 1798, as a result of which he appeared with " von Armstrong " in the German-speaking areas of the Baltic States and Poland, as well as in Saxony. In Austria, the foreign status was pre-valued by enrolling as " Ritter von Armstrong " in 1835 .

Status surveys

Captain Andrew Armstrong of the House of Gallen Priory was raised to the baronet of the United Kingdom in 1841 . The current title holder and 7th Baronet is Lieutenant Colonel Christopher John Edmund Stuart Armstrong.

Former possessions (selection)

• Ballycumber House, Ballycumber, County Offaly
• Castle Armstrong, Clara, County Offaly
• Castle Iver, Balliver, County Offaly
• Farney Castle, Holycross, County Tipperary
• Forty Hall, Enfield , County Middlesex (now Greater London )
• Gallen Priory House, Ferbane, County Offaly
• Garry Castle House, Banagher , County Offaly
• Manor of Roscrea, Roscrea , County Offaly
• Mount Heaton House, Roscrea, County Offaly
• Moyaliffe House, Moyaliffe, County Tipperary
• Newhall House, Ennis , County Clare
• Weyer Castle , Gmunden , Upper Austria

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  Farney Castle

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  Forty Hall

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  Weyer Castle

Main lines and their personalities

House Ballycumber

• Colonel Sir Thomas Armstrong : (* 1603, † 1662), ⚭ Anna Anderson, fortress commander of Culmore, County Londonderry . Fought in the Thirty Years' War in the Netherlands between 1633 and 1638 and was Quartermaster General of the Horse in Ireland from 1639 to 1640 . Knighted in 1643, he served as colonel in the cavalry under Charles II and was arrested twice by Cromwell's side in the Tower of London .
• Lieutenant Colonel Sir Thomas Armstrong :
  

  Lieutenant Colonel Sir Thomas Armstrong
  (* 1633, † 1684), ⚭ Katherine Pollexfen (niece of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon ). Sir Thomas, son of the aforementioned, fought as a cavalry officer on the side of the Duke of Monmouth . Because of his alleged involvement in the Rye House Conspiracy , he was sentenced to death by the notorious Judge Jeffreys and executed. However, the sentence was overturned post mortem and his widow was granted a generous pension.
• Captain William Armstrong , Esq. : ⚭ Alice Deane, officer in the Tipperary Cavalry, acquired Farney Castle from the Duke of Ormond in 1670 .
• Lieutenant John (Heaton) Armstrong , Esq .: (* 1815, † 1891) ⚭ Victoria Josefa Mayr (of Melnhof) , served from 1831 in the Austrian cavalry in the Imperial Cuirassier - Regiment Nr. 6 of the Count Wallmoden-Gimborn . 1850–1854 owner of Weyer Castle in Gmunden am Traunsee. With royal approval, he added the maiden name of his great-grandmother to his family name in order to inherit the lordship of Mount Heaton in County Tipperary. Since then, his descendants have borne the surname Heaton-Armstrong, which was accompanied by an official adaptation of the coat of arms for this branch of the family.
• Captain William Charles Heaton-Armstrong , Esq .: (* 1853, † 1917) ⚭ Bertha Maximiliane Freiin Zois von Edelstein , politician, wholesale merchant and banker . According to him, the place was Armstrong in British Columbia , Canada , named.
• Major William Duncan Francis Heaton-Armstrong , Esq .: (* 1886, † 1969) ⚭ Thelma Eileen Scott, private secretary and 'Comptroller of the Privy Purse' of Prince Wilhelm zu Wied , 1914 Prince of Albania
• Sir John Dunamace Heaton-Armstrong : (* 1888, † 1967) ⚭ Suzanne Laura de Balan, from 1956 to 1967 Clarenceux King of Arms

House Gallen Priory

• Edmund Armstrong , Esq. : († 1745), ⚭ Elizabeth Holmes, held the office of Justice of the Peace in King's County. Was appointed high sheriff of the same county in 1730 and in 1731 in County Kildare
• Col. Andrew Armstrong , Esq .: (* 1729), ⚭ Constance Maria Pigot, held the office of Justice of the Peace and was appointed High Sheriff of King's County in 1751
• Edmund Armstrong , Esq .: (* 1754, † 1827), ⚭ Elizabeth Trench, worked as a barrister and held the office of High Sheriff of King's County in 1818
• Captain Sir Andrew Armstrong , 1st Baronet: (* 1786, † 1863), ⚭ Frances Fullerton, captain of the King's County Militia, appointed High Sheriff of King's County in 1811 and 1836 . He held the office of Receiver General of the Stamps in Ireland from 1831 to 1841, was raised to the hereditary baronet of the United Kingdom in 1841 and was Member of Parliament from 1841 to 1852
• Rev. Sir Edmund Frederick Armstrong , 2nd Baronet: (* 1836, † 1899), ⚭ Alice Fisher, was vicar in Borris-in-Ossory and held the office of Justice of the Peace of King's County
• Captain Sir Andrew Harvey Armstrong , 3rd Baronet: (* 1866, † 1922), held the office of Justice of the Peace of King's County, served in the Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians) and fought 1900-1901 in the Second Boer War . He was named High Sheriff of King's County in 1914 and remained single with no descendants, which is why the title fell to his younger brother in 1922
• Sir Nesbitt William Armstrong , 4th Baronet: (* 1875, † 1953), ⚭ Clarice Amy Hodkinson
• Sir Andrew St. Clare Armstrong , 5th Baronet: (* 1912, † 1987), fought in the Second World War for the Royal Australian Engineers, remained single and childless, which is why the title fell in 1987 to the subsequent cousin with inheritance rights
• Sir Andrew Clarence Francis Armstrong , 6th Baronet, CMG : (* 1907, † 1997), ⚭ Laurel May Stuart, was colonial administrator from 1929 to 1961 and was inducted into the Order of St. Michael and St. George in 1959
• Lieutenant Colonel Sir Christopher John Edmund Stuart Armstrong , 7th Baronet: (* 1940), ⚭ Georgina Elizabeth Carey Lewis, graduated from Ampleforth College and the Royal Military College Sandhurst and served in the Royal Corps of Transport until retirement

Garrycastle House

• Hon. Major General John Armstrong , Esq. :
  

  Maj. Gen. John Armstrong
  (* 1674, † 1742), ⚭ Anna Priscilla Burroughs, was one of the most important officers under the Duke of Marlborough during the fighting in the War of the Spanish Succession . Due to his significant contribution to the successful siege of Bouchain , he was honored to be portrayed together with his general. The original painting is still on display in Marlborough House today .
• Adam (Russian Adam Wassiljewitsch) von Armstrong , imperial Russian chief miner and knight : (* 1762, † 1818), ⚭ Alexandrine Henriette von Lueder , director of the imperial iron foundries in Saint Petersburg , Kronstadt and Olonez , discoverer of the amethyst deposits at the Wolf Island in Lake Onega and aristocratic marshal of the province of Olonez in Karelia .
• Thomas St. George Armstrong , Esq .: (* 1797, † 1875), ⚭ Dona Justa de Villanueva, immigrated with his brother John to Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1817, and founded a trading company there. He was appointed director of the National Bank, founded what would later become the leading insurance company, Argentine Insurance Company , in 1859 and made a significant contribution to the expansion of the Argentine rail network.
• Johann (russ. Ivan Adamovich) Armstrong , Imperial Russian Real State and knights (* 1807, † 1869), ⚭ Adelheid Ida Rosamunde Eleonore Freiin Krohne , Director of Customs at the port of Reval (Tallinn) , as well as the district Siberia and finally Head of the border guard in Kalisch in the Kingdom of Poland . His grave in Dresden's Inner Neustädter Friedhof , in which his wife and relatives of the von Weymarn family were later buried, is one of the most artistically important epitaphs .
• Johann Ritter von Armstrong : (* 1813, † 1878), enrolled in the Empire of Austria in 1835, served in the kk - Cavalry as an officer in Chevauleger - Regiment Nr. 6 of his compatriot Field Marshal Lieutenant Simon Chevalier Fitzgerald.

photos

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  Coat of arms of the Heaton-Armstrong branch

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  Map of King's County with the historic Barony of Garrycastle

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  John Armstrong with the Duke of Marlborough

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  Wall grave of Johann von Armstrong in Dresden

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  6th Imperial and Royal Chevaulegers Regiment, painting from 1835

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  Enrollment of Johann Ritter von Armstrong in Austria from 1835

Connections in the nobility of Germany and Austria

In German-speaking countries there were or are connections to the families von Lueder (1805), von Krohne (1843), Mayr von Melnhof (1849), Zois von Edelstein (1885) and von Minckwitz (2010) through marriage .

Personalities of the hereditary nobility who do not come from this line

• Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon , photographer and brother-in-law of Queen Elizabeth II.
• David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon , furniture maker and nephew of Elizabeth II.
• Sir George Armstrong, 1st Baronet of Ashburn Place, editor of the former London newspaper "The Globe"
• William George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong , British industrialist

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows in red three angled arms in armor heraldically aligned to the right. On the helmet with the silver-red cover there is also an armored arm in the same orientation as an ornament .

literature

• J. Burke, B. Burke: A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 1, H. Colburn, 1947
• Duncan Heaton-Armstrong: The six month kingdom. Albania 1914 . Tauris Verlag, London 2005, ISBN 1-85043-761-0 (English, excerpt ).

Web links

• The Standing Council of the Baronetage

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.scotsconnection.com/clan_crests/Armstrong.htm Entry on scotsconnection.com
2. ^ J. Burke, B. Burke: A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 1, H. Colburn, 1947, p. 23.
3. ^ J. Burke, B. Burke: A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 1, H. Colburn, 1947, p. 23.
4. ↑ http://burgenkunde.at/oberoesterreich/weyer-gmunden/weyer.htm Burgenkunde.at
5. ↑ Major William Duncan Francis Heaton-Armstrong on thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
6. ↑ Sir John Dunamace Heaton-Armstrong on thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
7. ^ Edmund Armstrong on thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
8. ^ Andrew Armstrong on thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
9. ^ Edmund Armstrong on thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
10. ↑ Sir Andrew Armstrong, 1st Bt. On thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
11. ↑ Reverend Sir Edmund Frederick Armstrong, 2nd Bt. On thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
12. ↑ Sir Andrew Harvey Armstrong, 3rd Bt. On thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
13. ↑ Sir Nesbitt William Armstrong, 4th Bt. On thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
14. ↑ Sir Andrew St. Clare Armstrong, 5th Bt. On thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
15. ↑ Sir Andrew Clarence Francis Armstrong, 6th Bt. On thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
16. ^ Lt.-Col. Sir Christopher John Edmund Stuart Armstrong, 7th Bt. On thepeerage.com , accessed September 11, 2016.
17. ↑ // https://www.baronetage.org/official-roll/ Official list of baronet degrees
18. ↑ http://marksrussianmilitaryhistory.info/Armstro1.html
19. ↑ http://www.irlandeses.org/dilab_armstrongt.htm
20. ↑ http://www.casahistoria.net/argentine_railways.htm
21. ^ Hindemith: Warschauer Zeitung. Hindemith, 1860 ( limited preview in Google book search).
22. ↑ http://www.friedhof-dresden-neustadt.de/2009.html
23. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Austrian State Archives, Department of War Archives 
24. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
25. ↑ http://dokumente.ios-regensburg.de/amburger/index.php?id=3817 Erik Amburger database
26. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/genealogischest00vongoog#page/n467/mode/2up Genealogical pocket book of the noble houses of Austria
27. ↑ https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/BLK%C3%96:Zois_von_Edelstein,_die_Freiherren,_Genealogie Genealogy of the Barons Zois von Edelstein in Wikisource