Dörnen (Wuppertal)

Thinning City of Wuppertal Coordinates: 51 ° 16 ′ 9 ″  N , 7 ° 11 ′ 31 ″  E
Height :	152 m above sea level NHN
Location of Dörnen in Wuppertal
The Dörner Hof (Barmen House), first mentioned in 1466, shortly before its demolition around 1900

Dörnen is a locality in the mountainous city ​​of Wuppertal . The location arose from the medieval upper courtyard of the Barmen farmers.

Location and description

Dörnen is located in the residential district of Friedrich-Engels-Allee in the Barmen district ( Unterbarmen area ) in the Wupper valley in the area of ​​today's streets Oberdörnen , Unterdörnen and Dörner Brücke . Today Dörnen is no longer an independent location, but part of the extensive inner-city commercial and residential development in the densely populated center of Barmens.

Etymology and history

Map, registered around 1763. On the left the Dörner Hof as camera possession

Map of the courts in the area of ​​today's Barmen by Erich Philipp Ploennies (1715)

The name Dörnen indicates the location of the farm on the Barmer line of the medieval and early modern Bergische Landwehr . A hedge of thorns, also known as drought, is a functional part of a landwehr . Since the name is named after the Landwehr, it can only have originated after it was built. Its location in the unattractive settlement area on the Wupper also indicates that the Dörner Hof is not necessarily one of the oldest farms in Barmen. Depending on the dating of the Landwehr, it was probably made in the 11th to 13th centuries. The farm is referred to in various documents as Haus Barmen , Hof in den Barmen or Hof in den Dörnen .

According to some researchers, the name Barmen is also etymologically related to a Landwehr. So it is interpreted as a wall, a pile of earth. The old Saxon word stem Berm , Barm can also be found in the term Heubarme (Hauhaufen), so that one could refer to the courtyards on the earth wall. Justus Bockemühl interprets the etymology differently: Ahd. brama ; mhd. brame = thorn bush (cf. blackberry; English broom) became barme after a sound change (cf. also Bronnen (fountain) to Born).

Until recently, research was based on the assumption that the Dörner Hof is identical to the Hof Barmon (Barmen) named in 1070 in a land register at the Werden monastery . Recent research suggests that the barmon mentioned there is probably identical to a farm near Hiddinghausen . If the baron from the Urbar referred to the Dörner Hof (Hof in den Barmen), then this was an allod of the abbey at that time. In the 12th century, a Hof Barmon was no longer listed as a property in the future, so it must have changed hands in the meantime. The Werdener Vögte (the Counts of the Mark ), the Bergische Counts or the Ravensberg Counts are possible buyers.

The earliest undisputed mention of the Dörner Hof as Hof Barmen comes from the Beyenburg official account (accounting of the rent master to the Bergisch-Ducal camera administration ) of the year 1466. At that time the Dörner Hof was the upper court of the Barmer Höfeverband in the allodial possession of the Bergische dukes .

Due to the insufficient sources, it is not documented, but it is very likely that Dörnen was one of the "goods in Barmen" (" Bona de Barme ") mentioned in 1244 in the Electorate of Cologne , which Count Ludwig von Ravensberg listed as an allod in the Property of the Counts of Berg passed under Count Heinrich IV . As descendants of the Ezzonen, the Ravensbergers had owned properties in the Franconian Keldachgau since the early Middle Ages , so that the Dörner Hof and the other goods in Barmen that were not listed by name in 1244 could with a certain probability have belonged to them. This would strengthen the thesis that the Werdener Barmon mentioned in 1070 was not the same as the Dörner Hof.

Territorially, the area around Dörnen was part of Unterbarmen from the late 14th century in the Bergisch Amt of Beyenburg and was part of the Barmen farmers . Ecclesiastically it belonged to the establishment of a separate Barmer parish in 1702 the parish of Elberfeld on.

For reasons that are not clear, the function as the Oberhof of the Bergischer Höfeverband was transferred from the Sehlhof to the Dörner Hof before 1466 . The Sehlhof (= saddle farm ) lost its status as a full farm and went down to a Kotten . As the court and meeting place of the Barmer farmers at Martini (mid-November), the Dörner Hof had a large and heated meeting room, which, according to the Barmer Hofesrolle , the wisdom of the Barmer Höfeverband, had to be so large that “ a man with a Turn the furnace shovel over ”. In contrast to today, the court people apparently understood exactly what dimensions were associated with this device and the process of turning it over.

The court was at that time the administrative center and main courtyard of the Barmer part of the Office Beyenburg, which all other courts of the peasantry were subject to duty. The court court of the lower jurisdiction for the Barmer Höfeverband , which was allodial owned by the Bergische dukes, was also located here. The Marche Barmer Höfeverband under the Oberhof Wichlinghausen in the allodial possession of the Counts von der Mark was subject to the Bergische territorial lords via the Dörner Hof, but was not subject to their jurisdiction. In the Dörner Hof the calibration weights and the weight regulations on the taxes to be paid , the price regulations for bread and beer and the regulations for innkeepers were also kept in a drawer . Taxes had to be paid there three times a year, at Candlemas (January 2nd), in May and in autumn.

The farm also had its own lands, which were also managed by the farm people in the context of handicraft and tensioning services . However, the farm was mainly the administrative seat, its agriculturally unfavorable lands in the Wupperaue were only used to supply the ducal administrator, who was also known as the villicus or mayor . The Barmer camp book from 1597 provides information about the size and location of the farm. His lands between the Wupper and the Barmer Mühlengraben of the ducal Barmer Bannmühle, first mentioned in 1336, amounted to 16 Cologne acres , 16 rods and the lands north of the Mühlengraben towards Rott 24 Cologne acres, 1 rod. In total that was the equivalent of around 16 hectares .

In 1597 the court of Duke Johann Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg with the office of Beyenburg was pledged to Simon von der Lippe , and later bought back. At the beginning of the 17th century, the farm was also partially the seat of the Beyenburg rent master Johann Karsch.

In the 17th century, the later church village of Gemarke developed east of Dörnen , the center from which the later town of Barmen emerged. Up until the dissolution of the Beyenburg office and the city elevation of Barmen in 1808, the Dörner Hof served as camera property for the ducal administrative seat of Barmen in the office, while the district was the civil trade and industrial center. With the administrative structure under the French occupation from 1806, the Dörner Hof lost its status as the administrative seat and became part of the city of Barmen. In any case, the district had spread to the Dörnen locality and increasingly took over the courtyard as an inner city area.

The old court house existed until 1900. As a slated half-timbered house, it looked like a foreign body in the surrounding neo-classical buildings.

literature

• Walter Dietz: Barmen 500 years ago. An examination of the Beyenburger official accounts from 1466 and other sources on the early development of the place Barmen (= contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Vol. 12, ISSN  0522-6678 ). Born-Verlag, Wuppertal 1966.
• Emil Wahl: About the freedom Barmen and its oldest courts. 1959, Wuppertal City Archives