Wichlinghausen

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Wichlinghausen
City of Wuppertal
Coordinates: 51 ° 16 ′ 59 "  N , 7 ° 12 ′ 54"  E
Height : approx. 190 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 16,000  (2007)
Incorporation : 1808
Postal code : 42277
Area code : 0202
Wichlinghausen (Wuppertal)
Wichlinghausen

Location of Wichlinghausen in Wuppertal

Wichlinghausen is a historically grown district in the Oberbarmen district of the North Rhine-Westphalian city ​​of Wuppertal . For statistical purposes, the district is divided into the residential quarters Wichlinghausen-Nord and Wichlinghausen-Süd .

Location and geography

Wichlinghausen is located north of the Wupper in the area of ​​the former city ​​of Barmen , which in 1929 was combined with the city of Elberfeld and other cities and communities to form Wuppertal. East border of the district Nächstebreck , south the districts Wupperfeld and Rittershausen , west of the districts Sedan Mountain and the old Gemarke (now the Barmer center) and north of the district Hatzfeld on.

The central point is the Wichlinghauser Markt , near which some listed historical buildings have been preserved. These include buildings from the Wilhelminian era, churches and typical mountain half-timbered houses . The Wichlinghauser Church from 1864 to 1867 followed an older building from the years 1743 to 1753, the Erlöserkirche as the second for the Lutheran congregation in 1912. In addition to the historical building fabric, there are mainly new buildings from the 1950s to 1970s in the townscape.

Further culturally and historically significant buildings are the Villa Halstenbach (one of the germ cells of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU)), the Haus Abendfrieden and the Tütersburg 23 monument , which was damaged in a fire in 2008 and was demolished in mid-2009 because there was a risk of collapse. There is currently a vacant lot at this point.

Transport and infrastructure

The district is very well connected to the rest of the city by numerous bus routes. In the north the federal motorway 46 runs with the junction Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen . The Wuppertal Northern Railway of the Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft with the Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen station , the Wichlinghauser tunnel and the Fatloh tunnel was closed in 1991 for passenger traffic and in 1999 for freight traffic. The railway line was converted into a cycle and footpath by the Wuppertal movement . The Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen-Hattingen railway line, which was closed in 1979 (passenger traffic) and 1984 (goods traffic) , also began in Wichlinghausen.

history

Old Wichlinghauser Church

Wichlinghausen was first mentioned in 1384 as Wichmerinchusen (presumably the house of the Wichmar clan ). The name with the component -inghausen suggests an early settlement in the 8th to 9th centuries by settlers from the Saxon sphere of influence. The first mention took place in a deed of sale in which the Oberhof Wichlinghausen together with his Lude and gut ((court) people and goods, so his court association ) from the possession of the knight Hermann and Albert Vincke von Kappeln in which the Count of the Mark under Count Engelbert III. went from the marrow . The von Kappeln family, for their part, must have acquired ownership of the Wichlinghauser Höfeverband from the Counts of Ravensberg before 1245.

In the Middle Ages, Wichlinghausen belonged to the Schwelm parish east of the near border of the deaneries Lüdenscheid and Neuss. Administratively it belonged to the Franconian Ruhr or Keldachgau under the rule of the Ezzone until the 11th century and from the 12th century to the Electoral Cologne judicial district of Volmarstein , the later Free County of Volmarstein .

According to the deed of sale, the Wichlinghausen farm had been an allod of the Counts of Mark since 1384 , who also came into the possession of the Schwelm parish, which had been conquered by Kurköln , between 1300 and 1324 and who now ruled the part of Barmen, known as Oberbarmen, in the Mark region . Wichlinghausen was the upper court of the Brandenburg court association within Oberbarmen and therefore the seat of the local court court in the judicial district of Volmarstein of the Wetter office , first mentioned in 1471 . Here the lower jurisdiction was exercised over all courtiers in the Wichlinghauser Höfeverband who were subservient to the counts of the Brandenburg counts.

The farms Bockmühle , Bredde , Egen , Erlen , Vor der Hardt , Wilhelms Gut zu Heckinghausen , Kieker , Loh , Scheuren , Schönebeck , Werth and Westkotten belonged to the Wichlinghauser Höfeverband .

After the territorial transition of Oberbarmens to the Bergische dukes between 1399 and 1420, Wichlinghausen was added to the Barmer peasantry in the Bergische Amt Beyenburg . The territorial border between Berg and Mark ran from 1420 at the latest to the east of Wichlinghausen on the Schellenbeck brook , so that Wichlinghausen remained a Brandenburg exclave in the Berg territory. Due to numerous split-offs , Wichlinghausen grew into a small settlement consisting of several cottages .

In modern times, there was a stronger settlement due to the emerging textile industry in the valley of the Wupper. In addition to the bleaching of yarns , research was also carried out into the development of dyes for dyeing fabrics, one of the origins of the chemical industry. In 1869 August Luhn founded the cleaning agent manufacturer Luhns in Wichlinghausen .

Other personalities from Wichlinghausen were the Pietist Samuel Collenbusch and the pastor Ernst Vits . In 1744 the Wichlinghauser parish was separated from the mother parish in Schwelm.

In 1806 the Duchy of Berg fell to France in exchange for the Principality of Ansbach , which immediately initiated extensive reforms. This included the incorporation into the city of Barmen in 1808 . In 1873 the Wuppertal Northern Railway was built and in 1884 the Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen-Hattingen railway was built .

At the end of the 19th century, Wichlinghausen already had 15,000 inhabitants, and the gaps in the residential development with the surrounding districts were almost completely closed. The bombing raids of World War II survived Wichlinghausen almost intact.

In 1929, Wichlinghausen became a district of Wuppertal due to the merger of Barmen, Elberfeld and other cities and communities.

On August 17, 1945, prominent supporters of the former center party , including the later Federal President Gustav Heinemann , met in Villa Halstenbach and discussed the establishment of a successor party. This meeting is one of the hours of birth of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).

Today Wichlinghausen is a district with residents from 80 nations. Since the end of the 20th century, social problems have been increasing in some areas, which are counteracted with district projects and with urban development programs financed by state funds.

In January 2014, the district became known nationwide because the largest outdoor parkour facility in Germany was built on the long-term fallow site of the station that was closed in 1995 . It was developed in cooperation between the city and the local sports scene, the neighboring school center east, the sports science department of the Bergische Universität and the well-known parkour expert Sebastian Gies for 370,000 euros and measures around 1000 square meters.

literature

  • Gerd Helbeck : Schwelm. History of a city and its surroundings. Volume 1: From the beginnings in the Middle Ages to the collapse of Old Prussian rule (1806). 2nd, revised edition. Association for local history, Schwelm 1995.
  • Gerd Helbeck: Beyenburg. History of a place on the Bergisch-Mark border and its surrounding area. Volume 1: The Middle Ages. Basics and advancement. Association for local history, Schwelm 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811749-1-5 .
  • Heiko Schnickmann: From the Saxon court to the textile stronghold: A history of Wichlinghausen . Re Di Roma-Verlag, Remscheid 2015, ISBN 978-3-86870-895-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tütersburg: demolition has taken place . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung (online), August 28, 2009.
  2. ↑ Parkour is a sport without obstacles on welt.de from January 28, 2014, accessed on February 23, 2014