Diocese of Lavant

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The diocese Lavant originally comprised the area around St. Andrä in Lavanttal ( Carinthia ). In 1859 the bishopric was moved to Maribor (Marburg an der Drau), from which the diocese of Maribor emerged, which later became the Archdiocese of Maribor.

history

The Diocese of Lavant was established in 1228 by the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Salzburg , Eberhard II , in St. Andrä in the Lavant Valley. The bishops often resided in Friesach , acquired Twimberg Castle near St. Leonhard in Lavanttal in 1329 , which fell into disrepair from the middle of the 17th century and was only able to move the bishop's seat to the cathedral in St. Andrä later . This did not mean that the situation deviated from the usual procedure: the other Salzburg suffragans , the bishops of Gurk (in Strasbourg ), Seckau (in Seggau near Leibnitz ) and Chiemsee (Salzburg, Chiemseehof or St. Johann in Tirol ) did not have their seat at Location of the cathedral church .

Coat of arms of the diocese Lavant according to Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605
Expansion approx. 1300 (light blue, small area in the center right below)
Cathedral (bishop's seat) in St. Andrä in Lavanttal

Originally only seven parishes belonged to the diocese. The area around St. Florian only came to the diocese of Lavant on March 23, 1373: The Lavant bishop Heinrich IV. Krapff had asked that this parish be incorporated into the diocese (to the extent at that time, which was much larger than later) because the diocese had such a low income that “he couldn't even live like a better pastor .” From then on, the parish belonged to the episcopal canteen , and its income was part of the bishop's income. The bishop also became the pastor of St. Florian and was obliged to appoint a vicar (permanently appointed, thus "eternal") for the pastoral care and administration of the parish . In 1376 it was determined that this vicar should occupy the rectory, fields and meadows, sacrifices and gifts for himself and his chaplains. In 1381 it was stated that this vicar should have an annual income of 40 guilders, the same as the pastor of Schwanberg .

At the end of the 17th century the diocese Lavant consisted of two districts: the archdeaconate of Lower Carinthia in Sankt Andrä im Lavanttal and the commissariat Groß St. Florian in western Styria .

The parishes belonged to the archdeaconate:

Seat of the archdeacon (commissioner) of the Lavant diocese in Groß St. Florian, West Styria

The Groß St. Florian commissariat comprised the parishes:

The diocese consisted of 21 parishes in rural areas, was still small and could not afford much effort. Church offices that were looked after by priests in other dioceses were held by alumni (candidates for priesthood) in Lavant. The affiliation of a parish to the Diocese of Lavant did not in itself mean a conclusive statement about who was entitled to the income from this parish, who was allowed to propose (present) the person of the pastor and administer the church assets or who was allowed to exercise other rights from the property of the parish or relevant obligations (e.g. restoration after damage). Not all parish income went undiminished to the bishop, not even where (Groß St. Florian) the parish was expressly dedicated to the episcopal food, because the vicars who had to be appointed had to receive a share of them.

The small size of the diocese, however, had no influence on the activities of its bishops in other areas. As the suffragan bishop of the Archbishop of Salzburg you were initially entitled to work in the entire area of ​​the Archdiocese of Salzburg at his request. Furthermore, in 1511, Bishop Leonhard Peurl was ordained auxiliary bishop ( suffragan ) of the Patriarchate Aquileja (seat in Venice) for those areas that could not be looked after from Italy at the beginning of the 16th century due to armed conflicts. Bishop Peurl and his successor Philipp Renner were thus entitled to act as bishops representing the Patriarch in Carinthia and Carniola . This appointment was made by Dominicus Grimani , Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Patriarch of Aquileja , on May 18, 1511 in Rome: This was associated with the right to consecrate priests, churches and altars, to make visitations and to hold synods.

Coat of arms of a prince-bishop with princely and episcopal heraldic symbols.

As a result, the Lavant bishops had more extensive rights than in their own, comparatively much smaller diocese in the areas belonging to the Archdiocese of Aquileia outside of Friuli due to these powers . This affected the archdeaconates of Carniola , Saunien , Upper Carinthia , Gailtal and Jauntal as well as parishes in the Windischen Mark and in Reifnitz . These powers had their background in the dispute between Emperor Maximilian and the Republic of Venice in Northern Italy, which, among other things, concerned rule in the county of Gorizia . Episcopal acts by Lavanter bishops outside their diocese in Carinthia (e.g. near Spittal an der Drau on July 22, 1535), in Carniola and in Lower Styria , respectively , are based on these powers and the position as suffragan of the Salzburg Archbishop the Drava , z. B. in the area of Pettau .

Under Emperor Josef II , parishes around Völkermarkt (Carinthia) and around Cilli / Celje (then Lower Styria ) were added in 1786/1789 . The parishes north of the Drau , however, had to be ceded to the diocese of Graz-Seckau . In order to better manage the elongated diocesan area, the Carinthian parishes were ceded to the diocese of Gurk in 1859 , and the district around Marburg became part of the diocesan area. Marburg became the new bishopric under the important Bishop Anton Martin Slomšek . Because of its location in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , later Yugoslavia , the diocese was detached from the ecclesiastical province of Salzburg on May 1, 1924 . Until 1923 the bishops of this diocese, who from 1446 onwards had the title of Prince Bishop , were proposed and consecrated by the Archbishop of Salzburg . The use of the title Prince Bishop and the use of the secular symbols of dignity associated with it (such as the princely hat and coat ) was approved in 1951 by Pope Pius XII. also formally abolished.

Bishops

literature

  • Oskar Veselsky: Lavanter ordination and consecration reports from 1586 to 1679. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, 22nd volume. Graz 2008. Self-published by the HLK. ISBN 978-3-901251-21-4
  • Ferdinand Hutz: The ordination register of Lavant Bishop Dr. Philipp Renner 1534–1553. With Renner's biography and register of Ursula Kohl. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, XVII. Tape. Graz 2002. Self-published by the HLK. ISBN 3-901251-27-8
  • Oskar Veselsky: The consecration reports from the ordination and consecration protocols of the bishops of Lavant in the 16th century. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, XI. Tape. Graz 1997. Self-published by HLK. No ISBN. Pages 5-6 and 10-16
  • Ferdinand Hutz: The ordination register of Lavant Bishop Leonhard Peurl 1509–1536. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, Volume X. Graz 1994. Self-published by the HLK. ISBN 3-901251-06-5
  • Alfred Jäger: Festschrift: 750 years of the Diocese of Lavant. (St. Andrä im Lavanttal.) City parish St. Andrä 1978
  • Ernst Tomek: Church history of Austria . Tyrolia, Innsbruck - Vienna - Munich 1935–59
  • Josef Vodka: Church in Austria. Guide through their history . Herder, Vienna 1959
  • Ignac Orožen: The Diocese and Diocese of Lavant, 8 parts, 1875-1893

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hutz, Weiheregister Peurl, page XIII.
  2. ↑ Hutz, consecration Register Renner, pages 29-30.
  3. ↑ a b Oskar Veselsky: Lavanter ordination and consecration reports from 1586 to 1679. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, 22nd volume. Graz 2008. Self-published by the HLK. ISBN 978-3-901251-21-4 . Pages 28-29.
  4. ↑ Manfred Straka: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770-1850. Explanations for the first delivery of the Historical Atlas of Styria. Research on the historical regional studies of Styria, XXXI. Tape. Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Self-published by HLK. Graz 1978. page 11.
  5. ^ Oskar Veselsky: The consecration reports from the ordination and consecration protocols of the bishops of Lavant in the 16th century. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, XI. Tape. Graz 1997. Self-published by HLK. No ISBN. Page 125.
  6. ^ Veselsky, Consecration Reports , p. 126.
  7. ^ Franz Gall : Austrian heraldry. Handbook of coat of arms science. 2nd edition Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1992, p. 219, ISBN 3-205-05352-4 .