Village church Unter Brüz

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The village church Unter Brüz, seen from the north

The Evangelical Lutheran village church Unter Brüz (mostly treated in literature as a church in / from / to Brüz ) is an early Gothic stone church from the 13th century in the district of Unter Brüz of the Mecklenburg community of Passow .

history

As mentioned in the foundation deed of the church in Brüz from 1295, the villages of Brüz, Grambow , Diestelow and Sehlsdorf already belonged to the parish, of which Brüz was the largest for many years. This is certainly due to the location of the church and school, but on the other hand it is also due to the fact that the knights of Bruseuisz ( von Brüsewitz ) who lived here owned the lands with the four villages for many years. According to the regulations of the circumstances in 1295, the Brüz church was to be regarded as a knightly foundation, probably better a knightly cultor . Presumably it was separated from the somewhat older Benthen parish. The church of Brüz was built in a village that was only partially developed, as the directorial survey map from 1768 shows.

How long the family sat here is not documented. Possibly the property was taken over by the relatives of Weltzien in the 15th century . These had also come to the neighborhood as locators of the place of the same name. In 1486, the village and Gut Brüz with the Kirchlehn and half the mill at Diestelow were sold initially to Wedige von Maltzahn on Grubenhagen. He ceded it to the Mecklenburg dukes in 1491, who retained it together with the church patronage until 1711. According to the Kaiserbede, an imperial tax of 1496, a total of 50 people lived in Brüz at that time.

During the Thirty Years War , the village was destroyed in 1643 and the residents were expelled. In the visitation protocol from 1649 you can read about the church: the whole ... building, at one time it was open for 18 years. The parish house burned down, and the pastor went to Heinrich Lindenbeck's parish in Grambow. The barn at this home has also collapsed. The Küsterey is gone too ... Pastor Dionysis Schultze was defoliated for a while in 1621 . He was followed by Martin Reinke from Plau, who retired in 1669 as an 80-year-old old man.

In 1711, Brüz came to Major Jürgen Ernst von Petersdorff through an exchange contract , who sold it to Captain Georg von Linstow on Diestelow in 1712 . In 1744 the entire property passed to von dem Knesebeck from Mirow. According to the register of confessors from 1751, 99 people lived in Brüz again. From 1781 the owners changed frequently. It was initially owned by Peter Franz von Normann , whose name is immortalized on a beam in the church. In 1790 the owners of Meerheimb , 1796 von Reden, 1799 Ernst von Engel and 1803 von Flotow .

From 1769 to 1810 Franz Joachim Aepinius was the prepositus. In his last years in office he had a violent argument with the day laborers in Sehlstorf, who refused to pay the taxes to which he was entitled. Every parish priest who had his own hearth had to bring him a sausage of a yard long to the parsonage for Christmas . The day laborers even sued the monastery district court in Dobbertin when the pastor made an arbitrary fee increase in 1810. A child baptism now cost 40 shillings instead of 32 shillings, he increased the funeral fee from 36 to 40 shillings and he charged 4 shillings for each sausage that was not delivered. After the court decision, the day laborers only had to pay the old fees. Sehlstorf then belonged to the Dobbertin monastery office.

From 1810 to 1822 Christoph Hückstädt was pastor in Brüz. He came into office in a strange way. After his failed exam, he asked the superintendent for a failed certificate. With this his friend, the lawyer Steinmann in Schwerin obtained a vocation for Hückstädt. When the parish farm burned down on June 18, 1821, they only had the few items of clothing that they wore on their bodies.

Brüz was almost completely destroyed by fire in 1821. The village of Unter Brüz had only four houses apart from the church and school. The current rectory was built in 1824. The reconstruction with the manor took place further south as Neu Brüz on today's Chaussee. Other owners of Brüz are those of Schack , von Bassewitz and Hartwig von Preen . From 1908 the Lipke family took over the property. She had run the economy until it was expropriated after the end of the war in 1945.

From 1853 to 1888 Carl Johann Friedrich Franz Bassewitz was pastor in Brüz for 35 years. He studied theology in Rostock. He was awarded the Consilium abeundi because of repeated unauthorized bathing in the Baltic Sea on the beach of the fishing village of Warnemünde, as well as because of insufficient college visits. He continued studying in Berlin and Leipzig. Then he was director of a private school in Bützow and Wismar and vice-principal in goods. Until 1888 pastor to Brütz, Diestelow, Grambow and the monastery estate Sehlstorf. At the age of 79 he left the rectory and moved to Goldberg. There he died at the age of 98. He was the oldest corps student in Germany. Gottfried Holtz was pastor of the village church from 1931 until his expulsion in 1934.

Building history

Northwest view

According to the deed of foundation issued on August 10, 1295 in Parchim , Bishop Gottfried von Schwerin and Prince Nicolaus von Werle gave the knight Nicolaus von Bruseuisz (Brüsewitz) in the presence of several knightly and clerical witnesses the parish and the elevation of the church in Brüz near Goldberg and the Possessions and upheavals of the parish and sexton there. The construction of the massive walls of the tower and nave could have begun before the deed of foundation was issued, because two altars of the church are mentioned in the deed. Around 1250 Hermann Westfal was named as a clergyman in Brüz; In 1295 Joannis and Johannis were preachers there and until 1350 Arnold and Johann von Schönberg worked as pastors.

In its exterior, the church is similar to those in nearby Benthen (1267) and Frauenmark (1230), even if it has no apse and, in addition to the Romanesque round arches, the early Gothic pointed arch is suggested here. It is already the transition style.

The visitation protocol from 1557 reads: “Anno 1555, the night after August 24th, the church was broken up ... the box in front of the Gervekammer (sacristy) and the box inside it was broken, everything is valid, two goblets, one in debt ... in stolen from the Church ” . This sacristy could be the extension on the south wall of the choir, which was renewed in 1850.

In the spring of 1648 the old, much higher church tower collapsed on the church roof in a storm. He destroyed the nave with the vaults as well as the chairs and inventory. The church visit protocol of October 5, 1649 notes: “The tower is made of high stony masonry, and the large top was knocked down one and a half years ago by the strong storm wind, and the wood fell partly on the vaulted partly on the churchyard, which is now in the Church brought. ” It was also reported: “ ... and regardless of whether the choir is covered with stones, there are still a number of large holes in the tach and slats away ... " . In conclusion, the choir was already covered with tiles, the nave had initially had a cane or shingle roof. It was probably covered with clay tiles between 1650 and 1665. The year 1665 is carved into a bench in the renewed stalls. In the list of confessors from 1704, the Brücker pastor Enoch Zander mentioned that "one should start with the expansion of the church, which fell into disrepair 56 years ago" .

The tower in its current form was built in 1770. On November 22nd, 1794 the prepositus Franz Joachim Aepinus from Briž wrote in the church book about the manual and clamping services: “… worried by the other inhabitants of the four villages without exception of the person,… as when tending the masons, not only very useful for the church , but also in 1770 when building the tower, and in 1776 on the roof over the choir. ” The east gable was probably also repaired.

In the place of the two vaults destroyed in 1649, long oak beams had to be drawn in and a flat ceiling laid over the nave. This work was completed in 1821. The church was spared the great fire in the village that same year.

Pastor Ludwig Johann Carl Fentzahn (born 1860) had contacted the Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Friedrich Schlie worked in Schwerin for the fact that in November 1900 the east gable of the church in Brüz was also photographed and published in the art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. After information from Pastor Ernst Wilhelm Max Bardey (1906–1989) from May 7, 1940 to the preservation of monuments in Schwerin, with the permission of the patroness Mrs. Lipke, the Goldberg painter Heinrich eingrieber in the choir area at a medallion-shaped place under the layer of lime a picture of saints with hanging below Consecration cross partially exposed. After the completion of the renovation of the parsonage, which was in danger of collapsing, Pastor Wilhelm Krell from Goldberg could move in at the end of 1950 and begin his pastoral work. The last major renovation of the church took place from 1957 to 1963 under the then last local pastor Wilhelm Krell. On May 3, 1957, he informed the Institute for the Preservation of Monuments in Schwerin “… the church in Briž is old and worthy, but in need of renovation” , asked for financial support and help in the search “for a beautiful altar for our church, but none Marien Altar. "

With the roof renovation and new roofing in 1961, the windows were also re-glazed. Inside, after the patronage's box was demolished, the two rear galleries were added to the organ gallery in the nave. The altar was designed by the Rostock painter and restorer Lothar Mannewitz in a shape that corresponded to the feeling at the time. A new image of Christ and hand-forged candlesticks adorn it.

With the new electrical lighting system in 1961, the bedside lamps installed as wall lighting were also removed and the fan of the organ and the bell connected.

After approval by the Institute for Monument Preservation for the allocation of the required wood , the wooden ceiling could still be extensively renovated in 1961. The entire interior was again painted white, the corner services, arches and ribs in the choir were painted in a light brick tone and the chairs were given a light, gray paint job, slightly broken to green.

On November 17, 1963, Regional Bishop Niklot Beste consecrated the renewed church again.

Exterior

The east side of the church

The single-nave nave , made only of field stones, has two staggered Romanesque three-window groups with pointed arches on both sides. These indicate the transition style from the late Romanesque to the early Gothic . A large round arch running over all three light openings could have been used as a symbol for the Trinity. The pillars between the windows, which were inserted as half-columns both outside and inside, look particularly artistic . The nave has twelve windows, symbolic for the disciples of Jesus. The window on the north wall furthest from the altar is walled up, it is supposed to remind of Judas Iscariot . On both sides there are step portals walled with bricks under the windows.

There is a three-part arched window on the south side of the choir. On the north side it is designed as a blind window. This is where the von dem Knesebeck family's grave chapel stood, which was demolished in 1854 because it was dilapidated. The small extension on the south side could also come from this time. The Gervekammer ( sacristy ) is said to have once stood here, of which the inner door made of eight centimeter thick oak planks with old fittings still exists.

The east side of the choir is particularly noticeable with its distinctive gable design and the arched window with an inlaid round rod in a pointed-arched panel, which cuts into the triangular frieze above it. The finely designed gable is divided into two storeys by a toothed frieze. Above the stream layer frieze, there are eight larger, indicated arched windows as blind arcades with rounded half-columns. Above this is another stream layer frieze. Between the upper round arches there is a cross-shaped bricked Latin cross . There are ascending round arches on the slopes. The design of the gable is very similar to that of the nearby Mestlin church from 1270 and suggests the same construction hut.

The transverse rectangular substructure of the church tower made of field stones with an open wall slot each facing north, west and south, 25 cm wide and 1.20 meters high on the outside, is probably the oldest part of the building. Such defensive towers can also be found at other churches in Mecklenburg, such as the village church in Wessin . With its 2.20 meters thick walls, the east wall is almost three meters thick, one could assume the former castle of the first founder. The actual church, in which the two aforementioned altars were located, was created by adding the nave . It is not certain whether the tower was really part of a castle complex.

Above the tower massif is provided with a collar roof about one meter wide, on which the brick bell storey was built before 1770. The year 1770 is on the tower's weathercock. The inner walls are also made of field stone. On the north and south walls there are four arched blind windows with two smaller sound openings, on the west wall only two round arches with sound openings. An upside-down, stepped frieze connects to the flat tent roof, which is covered with plain tiles.

The western step portal with four reveals designed in the neo-Gothic style was renewed as an entrance portal between 1897 and 1880. Seven steps lead from the tower room through a wide arch down to the lower church.

Interior

altar
Look at the choir

Inside the 23-meter-long and nine-meter-high nave, there are strong pillars in the middle of the side walls and the beginnings of belt arches, which suggest the existence of two former vaulted yokes. Both vaults were apparently destroyed when the top of the tower fell in the storm of 1648. In the visitation protocol from 1649 it is noted:

... the tach on the church was from 17th bundles, and there are still 8 bundles of it, the remaining parts partly on the Gewelb over a heap, and the tach on the still standing Sparwerk, Nordwertz is mostly gone, on the south side is it battened ... and it can be assumed that the whole Gewelb und Gebeude has been open for the 18th year, has to come up and go to the bottom ... "

The nave now closes above with a flat wooden beam ceiling. A pointed triumphal arch separates the nave as the community room from the almost square, domically vaulted choir and a wooden beam spanning the entire width of the vault bears the inscription: "Ano Frau von Normann patroness Mr. FJ Aepinus Pastor 1776."

Furnishing

All medieval works of art in the once richly decorated church have been lost except for the bell cast by Rickert de Monkehagen in 1441 .

Bells

Bell jar

The sturdy, oak bell cage for three bells still stands in the upper tower today . In the upper bar there is an inscription with the year 1770. Now only a bronze bell hangs in the belfry, the middle one with a diameter of 1.093 meters and a weight of 900 kilograms from 1441. It bears the inscription in large Gothic on the upper edge Minuscules: o rex glorie criste veni cum pace amen mccccxli [,] c ( O, glorious King Christ, come in peace, Amen 1441 ). On the side is the foundry mark of Rickert de Monkehagen between two crosses. Whether the two other bells were purchased in addition to the middle one in 1441 cannot be said with certainty, but it is said to have been around this time. The sound development of the bell is completely distorted by ringing on the cranked yoke.

The smaller bell was taken away by soldiers passing through during the Thirty Years' War . In the visitation protocol it can be read: “Nothing in church vestments, everything has been stolen. There are still 2 bells in the tower, the smallest one was stolen in the war, just like the club from the middle bells was stolen. "

As the previously accustomed triad could no longer sound, the large bell with a diameter of 1.24 meters was cast around by Vites Siebenbaum in Schwerin. It cannot be traced back beyond 1689. Their inscription under the crown read: PRAISE THE LORD IN HIS HELIGTHUM PRAISE HIM IN THE VESTE OF HIS POWER 1689. On one side are the initials of Duke GUSTAV ADOLF VGGGAHZM on the other side the von Grabow's coat of arms with the inscription: HANS v. GRABOV HAVBMAN (Captain of the Goldberg Office) and ENOCH ZANDER 20 YEAR OLD PREDIGER ZV BRÜTZ ANNO MDCLXXXIX THE XXX MAY as well as the names of the sexton of the chief SCHVT; BABZIA; DVNCKER:, below at the edge: M VITES SIEBENBAV (U) M GOSS ME IN SCHWERIN:

During the First World War the bell was supposed to be melted down for war purposes, but the end of the war prevented this. So it could still sound for a quarter of a century until it was accepted by the Reichsstelle für Metallle der Kreishandwerkerschaft Parchim with the classification number 4/26/1 A in 1942 and picked up on April 13, 1943 with a receipt for war purposes. Only the clapper is left in the tower.

organ

organ

The church received its first organ in 1825 from the Neustrelitz Castle Church . It is said to have looked like a wardrobe and was probably not worth much, so that in 1871 the new one was bought for 540 thalers.

The organ (I / P / 5 + 1) is the work of the organ builder Friedrich Friese III . Behind a neo-Gothic prospectus it comprises five registers on a manual and pedal and was restored in 2011 by Gottfried Schmidt (Rostock).

Manual C – c 3 , mechanical sliding drawer
Drone 16 ′ Wood
Principal 8th'
Lovely Gedact 8th' Wood
Viola di Gamba (from c 1 ) 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Pedal C – c 1 , firmly attached
Subbass (transmission from drone 16 ′) 16 ′

pulpit

The Church donated 1,676 H. Schnepel a new provided with carved Renaissance - pulpit . The inscription reads: "GOD THE LORD TO HONOR THE CHURCHES MORE ...". The elaborate mansion stalls, on the other hand, are likely to be older, it is described in the visitation protocol in 1649 as follows: "Otherwise there is still an old altar, a preaching stuell (pulpit), and another lofty stuell in the choir".

altar

The neo-Gothic altar was removed during the last renovation in 1960 and the choir was redesigned. On today's masonry altar table stands a wooden cross on an oak plate, on which the figure of the crucified Savior was painted by the Rostock painter and restorer Lothar Mannewitz . Next to the renaissance pulpit on the south side of the choir is a pentagonal priest's door made of eight centimeter thick oak planks. With its fittings, it can be dated to 1295.

Grave slabs

The grave slab of the Royal Prussian Captain CFW von Passow, heir to Grambow and Weltzien (1727–1800), is embedded in the floor of the central aisle in the nave. A second in front of the altar is dedicated to CC von Passow, heir to Radepohl, Weisin, Grambow and Weltzien (1709–1783). Since 1738 Grambow belonged to this family.

coat of arms

The 17 coats of arms with the alliance coat of arms made of tin on the parapet of the organ gallery belong mostly to the von Passow family . The last coat of arms belonged to von Brandenstein , who were the last owners of Grambow until 1945.

particularities

In 1770 Hugo Christoph von Passow stipulated that the family Bible should always be continued with entries by the person who received the property . The last owner was Elisabeth Auguste Friederike Freifrau von Brandenstein (1873–1959), b. von Passow, who died in Malente in 1959. Her husband Otto Freiherr von Brandenstein (1865–1945) was shot together with the secretary of the estate by soldiers of the Red Army on May 8, 1945. His wife was expropriated and had to leave Mecklenburg with both daughters. The Bible remained in the Goldberg rectory. After the fall of the Wall, the valuable heirloom was returned to granddaughter Gisela von Dallwitz in Hamburg in 1990. The grave of the last landowner of Grambow Otto Freiherr von Brandenstein is in the cemetery in Brüz.

The von Passow from the Grambow family came into the public eye once again when Claus von Amsberg became Prince of the Netherlands. His grandmother Marie Friederike von Passow was born in Grambow in 1831. The grave of Hans Friedrich Ernst Gottlieb von Amsberg, who died shortly after his birth in December 1862, is also in the cemetery in Brüz.

In the churchyard there are still numerous grave sites of those from Passow auf Grambow.

Parish

The Briž parish had been associated with Groß Poserin and Woosten since August 1, 1978 and declared a dormant pastorate. Since September 1, 2003, the parishes of Unter Brüz and Woosten have been united and connected with Kuppentin. The parish of Woosten-Kuppentin with its five village churches belongs to the Parchim provost in the Mecklenburg parish of the northern church .

Next to the church is the former rectory. Church services take place there in the heated community room in winter.

Pastors

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.

  • 1250 0000Hermann Westfahl
  • 1295 0000Joannis and Johannis
  • 1350 0000Arnold and Johann von Schönberg
  • 1400 0000Johann Katzow
  • 1542–1574 Jochim Wulff
  • 1574–1577 Peter van der Wart, previously in Groß Upahl, promoted to Woosten in 1585.
  • 1577–1585 Johann Seehusen
  • 1585–1621 Dionysius Schultze, was "defoliated" for a time on unsubstantiated indictment.
  • 1621–1669 Martin Reineke (Reineccius) from Plau, became a priest in 1620
  • 1669–1703 Enoch Zander Sr. from Dobbertin, has married Reineccii's daughter.
  • 1703–1741 Enoch Zander filius, 1729–1741 prepositus.
  • 1741–1749 Wilhelm Joachim Christian Studemund from Lübz.
  • 1750–1769 Johann Christoph Lange from Goldberg.
  • 1769–1810 Franz Joachim Aepinus, 1792–1817 prepositus.
  • 1810–1822 Christoph Joachim Friedrich Theodor Hückstädt from Suckwiz.
  • 1824–1852 Friedrich Wilhelm Rösecke from Stolzenburg in Pomerania.
  • 1853–1888 Carl Johann Friedrich Franz Bassewitz from Neuhof bei Warin, previously head of private school in Bützow and Wismar, 1856 representation in Dobbertin. (died at the age of 98)
  • 1888–1907 Friedrich Ludwig Johann Carl Fentzahn, previously rector in Grabow , then pastor in Teterow.
  • 1907–1928 Hermann Wilhelm Schilbe from Neuenkirchen, then Woosten .
  • 1931–1934 Dr. theol. Gottfried Holtz
  • 1934–1937 vacancy
  • 1937–1939 Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz
  • 1939–1950 Ernst Wilhelm Max Bardey, (from December 1939 to March 1948, Wehrmacht, war, Russian captivity), represented by Provost Curt Buchholz from Goldberg.
  • 1950–1978 Wilhelm Krell, also representation in Kuppentin .
  • 1979-1997 Egon Wulf
  • 1998 0000Christian Banek

swell

Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 2.12-3 / 5 church visits
    • LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Dobbertin Monastery
    • LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance
    • LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior
    • LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Mecklenburg Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests
    • LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters
  • State Church Archives Schwerin (LKAS)
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, church records Brüz
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia Dept. 1. and 2.
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, personnel and exams.
  • State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . (LAKD)
    • Department of Monument Preservation, Archives, Brüz files 1900–1963.

See also

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich / Berlin 2000, p. 83.
  • Claus Peter: Rickert de Monkehagen - A medieval bell foundry workshop in the Baltic Sea region. In: Mecklenburgia sacra. Yearbook for Mecklenburg Church History. Volume 10, Wismar 2002, pp. 58-59.
  • Fred Ruchhöft : The development of the cultural landscape in the Plau-Goldberg area in the Middle Ages . Ed .: Kersten Krüger, Stefan Kroll . In: Rostock studies on regional history. Volume 5, Rostock 2001, pp. 151, 161, 208, 211, 252-254, 305, 309.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume IV: The district court districts Schwaan, Bützow, Sternberg, Güstrow, Krakow, Goldberg, Parchim, Lübz and Plau. Schwerin 1901, pp. 400-404.
  • Under Brüz. In: The village, town and monastery churches in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park and its surroundings. (= From culture and science. Issue 3). Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park, Karow 2003, pp. 66–67.

Web links

Commons : Dorfkirche Unter Brüz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. MUB III. (1865) No. 2350.
  2. Fred Ruchhöft: The development of the cultural landscape in the Plau-Goldberg area in the Middle Ages . Rostock 2001, p. 151.
  3. Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: The von Pederstorff. 1624 to 1778 in Mecklenburg. 1989, p. 229.
  4. ^ Gustav Willgeroth: The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parish since the Thirty Years' War. Wismar 1925, pp. 296-297.
  5. Germany's oldest corps student (VfcG)
  6. LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 21, 1888, no.23.
  7. MUB (1865) No. 2350.
  8. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Brüz. 1901, p. 403.
  9. LAKD, Brüz file, 10. V. 1940, no. 117.
  10. Ev. Lutheran parish of Brüz, Post Goldberg, Pastor Krell on May 3, 1957 to the Institute for the Preservation of Monuments in Schwerin, concerning the renovation of the church in Brüz.
  11. Dr. Baier from the Institute for the Preservation of Monuments to the parish office in Brüz on April 29, 1961.
  12. The bell at Brüz. In: Claus Peter: Rickert de Monkehagen - A medieval bell foundry workshop in the Baltic region. Wismar 2007, pp. 58-59.
  13. Description and disposition at the Malchow Organ Museum
  14. ^ Brüz, Bausachen Kirche, OKR September 29, 1960.
  15. ^ Gustav Bergter: 700 years of the Brüzer Church . Diestelow, 1999, p. 20.
  16. ^ Gustav Willgeroth : The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parish since the Thirty Years' War. 1925.
  17. ^ Gustav Bergter: 700 years of the Brüzer Church. 1999, p. 24.
  18. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Brüz. 1901, pp. 401-402.
  19. LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 21, 1888, no.23.
  20. LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 13, 1889, No. 13.
  21. ^ LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Personalia and Examina S 060.

Coordinates: 53 ° 32 ′ 34.2 "  N , 12 ° 3 ′ 51.7"  E