Dornheim (Thuringia)
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
|---|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ N , 11 ° 0 ′ E |
|
| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Ilm district | |
| Management Community : | Riechheimer Berg | |
| Height : | 290 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 7.99 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 568 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 71 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 99310 | |
| Area code : | 03628 | |
| License plate : | IK, ARN, IL | |
| Community key : | 16 0 70 008 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Längwitz 71 99310 Dornheim |
|
| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Burkhard Walther ( FFW Dornheim e.V. ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Dornheim in the Ilm district | ||
  |
||
Dornheim is a municipality in the Ilm district in Thuringia in Germany .
geography
Dornheim is about four kilometers east of Arnstadt am Wolfsbach. The community belongs to the administrative community Riechheimer Berg . The administrative seat is in the municipality Amt Wachsenburg, which does not belong to the VG .
The Dornheimer Flur lies on the southern edge of the Thuringian Basin and borders the outskirts of Arnstadt in the west. In the south, heights of the Thuringian Forest are limiting. The federal motorway 71 , which divides the district, runs east of the town . The state road 1046 connects the place with Arnstadt and the villages east of Dornheim.
The heavy soils of the Thuringian Basin are highly fertile.
Neighboring communities
Starting clockwise from the north, Dornheim borders on Arnstadt and Alkersleben .
history
Archaeological traces of human settlement in the Dornheimer Flur go back to the Neolithic Age . Many finds point to active early settlement in the Dornheim area. The Wenigen-Dornheim settlement was located north of the Wolfsbach until around the 13th century .
The first documentary mention was made in 815 in a deed of ownership from the Hersfeld monastery . The Schwarzburg bailiff Christoph von Entzenberg acquired a fief in 1553 and built a manor. His son Melchior had the "Yellow House" (also called Dornheim Castle or Moated Castle ) built with a moat and drawbridge in 1587 . Friedrich Gotthardt Bertuch acquired the property in the middle of the 18th century. Bertuch's daughter married the Arnstadt entrepreneur Christian Gottfried Schierholz (1787–1851), who set up a cheese dairy, spirits distillery and vinegar factory in the manor. In 1820 he took over the porcelain manufactory in Plaue and partly relocated its production to Dornheim. For 18 years, Schierholz porcelain was painted, fired and shipped from here in Dornheim. By remarrying, the estate and castle passed to the von Witzleben family in 1906 .
Dornheim was affected by the persecution of witches from 1682 to 1690 . Two children, a schoolboy and a 14-year-old, got into witch trials on charges of making lice and mice .
On October 17th, 1707 Johann Sebastian Bach married his cousin (2nd degree) Maria Barbara Bach in the village church . Between 1733 and 1770 the geographer and polymath Johann Gottfried Gregorii alias Melissantes worked as a Lutheran pastor in Dornheim. He made a significant contribution to the maintenance of the church. In 1734 he had two small bells cast by the bell founder Nicolaus Jonas Sorber from Erfurt. In Dornheim he wrote his Gemüths entertaining handbook for citizens and farmers (1744) with numerous descriptions of historical professions ( organist , organ builder , bell founder , wig maker ).
In August 1813 a Prussian free corps kidnapped 200 French training horses from Dornheim. The Landkammerrat Schierholz was able to prevent the French, who had already surrounded Dornheim, from burning the village down in an act of revenge.
On October 26, 1813, after the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , the rulers allied against Napoleon , the Russian Tsar Alexander I , the Austrian Emperor Franz II and probably , met in Dornheim - under the long-standing "three-monarch lime tree" the Prussian Crown Prince, later King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , to coordinate their fighting ( three monarchs meeting ). The Austrian emperor stayed in the Dornheim manor, the tsar in the Arnstadt castle. A participation of the Prussian king in the meeting has become very unlikely according to the latest research. The Austrian army camped between Dornheim and Arnstadt, the Russian guards bivouacked between Dornheim and Kirchheim.
Until 1918 the place belonged to the sovereignty of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen . In 1923 Carl Wilke was the tenant of the Dornheim domain with the Käfernburg Vorwerk, with an area of 317 hectares. From 1936 Alfred Adalbert von Witzleben-Wurmb managed the manor Dornheim, as well as the manor in Angelroda .
In 1944/1945 German fighter planes crashed several times near the village. An American " flying fortress " was also shot down near Dornheim. The five crew members were able to save themselves with parachutes, they landed near the Three Monarchs Monument.
From the beginning of 1945, the village, the castle and the inspector's house took in a large number of displaced persons from eastern Germany.
Before Dornheim was occupied by US troops in April 1945 , it was under artillery fire. At the beginning of July 1945, the Red Army took over the occupation of Dornheim, as of all of Thuringia. It became part of the Soviet occupation zone and, from 1949, the GDR.
Alfred von Witzleben was arrested by the Soviet military administration on July 25, 1945 and died in a Soviet officers' camp in December 1945. His wife Clementine and their three children were expelled from Dornheim by the Soviet authorities in October; they were later able to flee to West Germany.
A von Götz family, including their three children, who had fled the East and were taken in by the Witzleben family, committed suicide on August 23, 1945 - for fear of the head of the family Georg Jürgen von Götz being arrested again by the Soviet NKVD .
The completely intact castle was looted and was already badly devastated in 1947. The Arnstadt museum administration was only able to save a small amount of inventory. In early 1948 the castle was completely demolished . Little has been preserved of the manor's farm buildings either. A remnant of the moat around the castle still exists.
The goods were expropriated without compensation and given to resettled and poor farmers. In the 1950s, the forced collectivization of agriculture followed.
Population development
Development of the population:
|
Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31st
economy
Agriculture continues to shape Dornheim. Immediately south of the village is a location of the Thuringian meat and sausage specialties Rainer Wagner GmbH . Horticulture and fruit growing continue its tradition. Other branches of industry and crafts have settled here.
Culture and sights
- The village church of St. Bartholomäi , in which Johann Sebastian Bach married his cousin Maria Barbara Bach in 1707 , is the main attraction of the place. In the cemetery next to the fortified church there are tombs of the Schierholz, von Witzleben and von Götz families.
- The three monarchs monument (opposite the grounds of the demolished manor) commemorates the meeting of the Russian tsar, Austrian emperor and Prussian king on October 26, 1813 in Dornheim. The monument was erected in 1863, expanded in 1913 and fell into disrepair from 1945. In 1991, local residents repaired it, and a new linden tree was planted.
- A large display board on the edge of the former manor district shows the fate of the castle, the manor and the families there.
- Memorial to the Polish slave laborer Antonin Junkiewicz, who died in 1942 and is buried in the cemetery
- Historical grave monuments in the cemetery
photos
Three Monarchs Memorial (1813)
Details of the Three Monarchs Memorial
Display board for the removed manor
Castle demolished in 1948 (on display board)
politics
Municipal council
Since the local election on May 26, 2019, the council of the Dornheim community has consisted of 8 councilors, all of whom belong to the Dornheim volunteer fire brigade association. V. belong.
mayor
The honorary mayor has been Burkhard Walther (Association of the Voluntary Fire Brigade Dornheim eV) since 2004, he was last confirmed in office in the election on June 5, 2016.
coat of arms
Blazon : “In blue a silver bar, this is covered with staves, a treble clef and the notes bach; above two and below a golden royal crown. "
Personalities
- Johannes Jäger, Latinized Crotus Rubeanus , born in Dornheim in 1480, friends with Luther and von Hutten during his studies in Erfurt, belonged to the Erfurt humanist group, was one of the authors of the “Obscure Letters” and in 1520 was rector of the University of Erfurt.
- Johann Sebastian Bach (born March 31, 1685 in Eisenach, † July 28, 1750 in Leipzig), German composer, married on October 17, 1707 in Dornheim in the church “St. Bartholomäus “Maria Barbara Bach, his 2nd cousin
- Johann Gottfried Gregorii alias Melissantes (born February 17, 1685 in Toba; † August 4, 1770 in Dornheim), geographer, cartography theorist, genealogist, historian, journalist, hymnologist and educator
- Christian Gottfried Schierholz (1787–1851), owner of the Dornheim manor and entrepreneur
- Reinhold Bärwinkel (1834–1898), President of the Landtag of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, grew up in Dornheim
- Fritz Krieger (1841–1896), lawyer and member of the Reichstag
literature
- Thomas Bienert: The former Dornheim manor in the Ilm district. In: The fate of battered and disappeared noble houses. Thuringian General, 2006.
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ^ HE Müllerott: Bonifatius and the cradle of the Counts of Käfernburg-Schwarzburg in the Middle Thuringian Forest - prehistoric and early historical finds from the Dornheim area. Arnstadt 1994, pp. 71-75.
- ↑ Ronald Füssel: The witch hunts in the Thuringian area. Publications of the working group for historical witchcraft and crime research in Northern Germany, volume 2. Hamburg 2003, p. 255.
- ^ Carsten Berndt: Melissantes: a Thuringian polyhistor and his job descriptions in the 18th century; Life and work of Johann Gottfried Gregorii (1685–1770) as a contribution to the history of geography, cartography, genealogy, psychology, pedagogy and professional studies in Germany; [a Thuringian geographer and polymath (1685–1770)]. 3. Edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2015, ISBN 978-3-86777-166-5 , pp. 223–242
- ^ Jürgen Frey: What happened in Dornheim and the surrounding area in October 1813. In: Dornheimer Heimatblätter , Volume 12, 09/2013, pp. 2–11
- ^ Jürgen Gruhle: Black Book of Land Reform / Thuringia. Retrieved June 20, 2011 ( Memento July 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Conrad von Witzleben-Wurmb: An old Dornheimer remembers. In: Dornheimer Heimatblätter, 10th year, 10/2011, pp. 13–15.
- ↑ Tomb in the churchyard: "Voluntarily divorced from life on August 24, 1945 due to the chaos of war".
- ↑ Dornheim history and stories. Ed. F "reundeskreis for the preservation of the wedding church by JS Bach in Dornheim e. V. “Barthel-Druck Arnstadt, Dornheim 2001, p. 81.
- ^ Source for Schwarzburgische and Saxon places: Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : Lexicon of all localities of the German federal states . Naumburg, 1843. Available online from Google Books . Source for Prussian places: Handbook of the Province of Saxony. Magdeburg, 1843. Available online at Google Books
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Population figures. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Population development since 1989 (TLUG) ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 18 kB)
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: Elections in Thuringia, municipal council election 2019 in Thuringia, Dornheim. Retrieved August 17, 2019 .
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: Elections in Thuringia, Mayor election 2016 in Thuringia, Dornheim. Retrieved August 17, 2019 .
Web links
- Page about Dornheim on the website of the administration association Riechheimer Berg
- Homepage of the Circle of Friends for the Preservation of the Wedding Church by JS Bach in Dornheim e. V about Dornheim and the Bach legacy
Alkersleben | Wachsenburg Office | Arnstadt | Bösleben-Wüllersleben | Dornheim | Elgersburg | Elleben | Elxleben | Geratal | Großbreitenbach | Ilmenau | Martinroda | Osthausen-Wülfershausen | Plaue | Stadtilm | Joke life