Narrow-leaved sun hat
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Narrow-leaved coneflower ( Echinacea angustifolia ) |
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| Echinacea angustifolia | ||||||||||||
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The narrow-coneflower ( Echinacea angustifolia ), and narrow-leaved hedgehog head or narrow-cone flower called, is a plant from the genus of the sun hats ( echinacea ) in the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It thrives in North America from the Great Plains to the Great Lakes and the Rocky Mountains .
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The narrow-leaved coneflower is an upright, unbranched, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 40 to 70 centimeters. It forms a taproot and more or less branched fiber roots. The vegetative parts of the plant are moderately to densely hairy with relatively rough, spread out hairs about 1 to 2 millimeters long ( trichomes ). The stems are green to purple in color.
The alternate leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade has a smooth edge, usually ciliate. The leaf stalks of the lowest leaves are 2 to 12 centimeters long and the 7 to 30 centimeters long and 0.5 to 2.5, rarely up to 4 centimeters wide leaf blades usually have three (one to five) leaf veins . The linear-lanceolate foliage leaves differ from the purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea ), which has pointed, egg-shaped leaves.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from late spring to mid-summer (around May and October, depending on the location). The cup-shaped inflorescences stand individually at the end on 10 to 30 centimeters long inflorescence shafts . The bracts are 6 to 12 millimeters long and 1 to 2.5 millimeters wide. The almost spherical to cylindrical inflorescence bases are 1.5 to 3 centimeters × 2 to 3.5 centimeters in size. There are orange-colored, straight chaff leaves with purple-colored, sharp tips, which are 9 to 14 millimeters long and protrude over the tubular flowers as a striking feature of the genus, like small hedgehog spines (botanical genus name!). The circular flower heads contain eight to 21 ray-flowers and 200 to over 300 tubular flowers. The asexual ray- flowers (= ray-flowers) have a length of 15 to 40 millimeters and a diameter of 5 to 8 millimeters, are purple to pink in color with bent-back crown tongues. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers (= disc flowers) are 5 to more than 7 millimeters long and mostly purple with five corolla lobes.
The square, smooth achenes are 4 to 5 millimeters long, mostly two-colored at the bottom, light brown and at the top, dark brown. The crown-shaped pappus is up to 1 millimeter long with no to four main teeth.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22 or 44.
ecology
According to observations , when moose are sick or wounded, they should eat the plant roots.
Occurrence
Echinacea angustifolia thrives in dry prairies , "Barrens", on stony to sandy-loamy soils at altitudes between 100 and 1600 meters. Locations are in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan as well as in the US states Colorado , Iowa , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , Montana , Nebraska , New Mexico , North Dakota , Oklahoma , South Dakota , Texas and Wyoming .
use
Echinacea angustifolia is a hardy ornamental plant and can be grown in most temperate gardens. The narrow-leaved coneflower loves well drained soil and lots of sun, but can also tolerate shade.
Important ingredients
The medicinal drug is obtained from the Echinacea root (Echinacea angustifolia radix). Important ingredients are the echinacoside , glycoside , essential oil , inulin and resin .
In the medicine
Extracts from the medicinal drug have become an important drug in self-medication (e.g. in Europe and the USA) over the past 50 years. They are used for the prophylaxis and treatment of colds and flu-like infections as well as promoting wound healing . Furthermore, z. B. Preparations on the market for use against cold sores , boils , carbuncles , acne , septic processes and headaches . The effectiveness of the sun hat in these applications has not been scientifically proven. However, a phagocytosis-stimulating effect was observed. Long-term use of Echinacea preparations weakens the body's own immune system .
In folk medicine
The Indians of North America chewed the root for a sore throat and toothache . Furthermore, the plant is said to have been used for wounds , burns , insect bites, snakebites, mumps , measles and gonorrhea . However, it can be assumed that the Indians did not differentiate between the individual Echinacea species. The white settlers of North America then adopted the use of the sun hat from the indigenous people.
Systematics
The first description of Echinacea angustifolia was in 1836 by de Candolle Augustin-Pyrame in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , 5, pp 554-555. The specific epithet angustifolia refers to the characteristics of the leaves: angustifolia means narrow-leaved. The botanical genus name Echinacea is derived from the ancient Greek word echinos for sea urchin or hedgehog and refers to the protruding inflorescence base with the pointed chaff leaves, which looks hedgehog- shaped overall.
Synonyms for Echinacea angustifolia DC. are: Brauneria angustifolia (DC.) A. Heller and Echinacea angustifolia var. strigosa McGregor . RL McGregor established a variety Echinacea angustifolia var. Strigosa in 1967, 1968 , but according to SE Binns et al. In 2002 this form does not differ taxonomically from the nominate form.
swell
- Lowell E. Urbatsch, Kurt M. Neubig, Patricia B. Cox: Echinacea. : Echinacea angustifolia , page 88 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 21 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 3 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530565-5 . (Section description, occurrence and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sun hats ( Echinacea ) - accessed on November 10, 2009 ( memento of the original from October 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Elisabeth Mandl: Medicinal plants in homeopathy , Maudrich, 1997, ISBN 3-85175-687-8 .
- ↑ Echinacea angustifolia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Gregory L. Tilford: Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West , ISBN 0-87842-359-1 .
- ^ Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig, Lexicon of Medicinal Plants and Drugs , 2 volumes, approved special edition for Area Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-89996-682-1
- ↑ Julius Mezger: Faced homeopathic drug theory , Haug, Saulgau 1950. (12th edition by Haug, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8304-7232-3 )
- ↑ Coneflower ( Echinacea angustifolia ) - focus.de
- ↑ Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , 5, 1836, pp. 554-555. Scanned at Botanicus.org .
literature
- Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig: Lexicon of Medicinal Plants and Drugs , 2 volumes, approved special edition for Area Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-89996-682-1
