Archabbey of Sankt Ottilien

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Mission Benedictine Archabbey of Sankt Ottilien

Coordinates: 48 ° 5 ′ 49 ″  N , 11 ° 2 ′ 44 ″  E

Map: Germany
marker
St. Ottilien
( Bavaria )​
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Germany
Coat of arms, motto and year of foundation of the St. Ottilien Monastery

The Archabbey of Sankt Ottilien (Latin Archiabbatia Sanctissimi Cordis Iesu ad Sanctam Ottiliam ) is a monastery of the Mission Benedictines in the Upper Bavarian district of Landsberg am Lech (near the Ammersee ), which belongs to the diocese of Augsburg . The monastery, together with the surrounding buildings, forms part of the municipality of Sankt Ottilien (until 1904 Emming ) of the municipality of Eresing .

The Archabbey is the parent monastery of the Ottilian Congregation . It was founded in 1884 by the Swiss Andreas Amrhein . The entire monastery association consists of 1,100 monks in 19 countries, of which around 110 live in St. Ottilien. 

history

Ottilien Chapel

The pilgrimage to Saint Ottilia in Emming has been reliably documented since 1365. In the 16th century , Emming was expanded into a manor house. The Ottilien Chapel and a small castle were built. In the 17th century , the palace and chapel were redesigned in Baroque style. The estate changed hands several times over the years; the castle was demolished in 1884. Finally, Andreas Amrhein, a Benedictine of the Beuron Archabbey , acquired the abandoned hamlet in 1886 and founded Sankt Ottilien in 1887.

Motivation and beginnings of the start-up

Amrhein had his vision, Benedictine life with an insert in the mission to connect, within the Beuron Congregation can not be realized; therefore he started his own foundation independently of Beuron. After the first foundation in Reichenbach in 1884, the community was relocated to Emming in 1887. The monastery was named after the pilgrimage site Sankt Ottilien (the place name Emming was given up in 1904). Also in 1887 a first group of monks was sent to Africa as missionaries .

Development of the monastery

Interior view of the main nave of the monastery church

In 1902, Sankt Ottilien was elevated to an abbey. After founding three other abbeys, Sankt Ottilien became the Archabbey of the Mission Benedictines in 1914 ; Since then - from 1914 to October 2012 - the Archabbot of Sankt Ottilien was also always head of the Benedictine Congregation of Sankt Ottilien .

Until 1930 the monastery grew strongly (further mission areas South Africa , Korea , China ). Sankt Ottilien was expanded during this time to accommodate the convent, which had grown to 396 monks . In 1941 the monks were expelled from the German administration, which set up a military hospital there. After the end of the war until 1948 there was a DP camp in Sankt Ottilien , founded by the Lithuanian doctor Zalman Grinberg , in which prisoners liberated from concentration camps were taken care of. Immediately next to the monastery cemetery is a Jewish cemetery in which 76 dead were buried. The history of the DP camp is told and digitally documented using twelve stations spread across the site - including memories of the liberation concert by former Jewish prisoners on May 27, 1945 and the birth of 428 children between 1945 and 1948.

In addition to the tasks in the mission and the associated development aid in third world countries , the monastery runs a large retreat house , its own EOS publishing house , an impressive farm , the Rhabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Sankt Ottilien for around 700 students with an attached day care center and boarding school and several artisanal businesses. The monastery also operates a small sports field and a youth campground.

According to the census on May 25, 1987, the district of Sankt Ottilien had 307 inhabitants in five buildings with living space and nine apartments.

Superior General and Archabbots

building

Exam area, guest house, retreat house, Gut Emming and Ottilien chapel

The cloister area was built in neo-Gothic style according to the plans of the monastery founder . Construction began in 1892. As early as 1910, the rapid growth of the community made it necessary to build another wing, which is in Art Nouveau style and is located south of the monastery church. The architect was Michael Kurz . The Mission Museum, established in 1911, is located in this wing . Since 1955, a wing with living cells, administrative rooms and a guest area has been attached to the west.

The "Ottilienheim", which serves as a guest house, is located near the monastery church. The retreat house opposite the front side, which was built directly onto the remains of the former Emming estate, is also used to receive guests. This old, pre-monastery part of the building connects to the baroque Ottilien chapel. The retreat house was initially only used for retreats in summer and in winter accommodated the students of the agricultural school that was previously located there.

Church of the Sacred Heart

Exterior view of the monastery church

The monastery church ( patronage Herz Jesu ) was built from 1897 to 1899 according to plans by Hans Schurr . Its pointed, 75 meter high tower can be seen from a great distance. The three-nave church was built in the neo-Gothic style and consecrated in 1903. The church was built - probably due to protests from the surrounding parishes - one vault shorter than originally planned.

Organs

Since 1994 the church has housed two instruments from the renowned Hubert Sandtner organ building workshop (Dillingen ad Donau): A main organ with three manuals and pedal (47 registers ) and a choir organ with two manuals and pedal (17 registers). The main and pedal parts of the choir organ are on the east gallery of the north arm of the transept, the swell on the opposite side on the west gallery of the transept. From the console of the choir organ it is possible to have certain fixed combinations of the main organ sound.

Main organ

Main organ
Main work of the choir organ
I Rückpositiv
1. Principal 8th'
2. Reed flute 8th'
3. Quintad 8th'
4th Octave 4 ′
5. Pointed flute 4 ′
6th Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Duplicate 2 ′
8th. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
9. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Fittings 4f 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
II major work
12. Praestant 16 ′
13. Principal 8th'
14th Copel 8th'
15th Flûte harmonique 8th'
16. Viole de Gambe 8th'
17th Octave 4 ′
18th recorder 4 ′
19th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Super octave 2 ′
21st Mixture 5f 2f
22nd Cornet 5f (from c 0 ) 8th'
23. bassoon 16 ′
24. Trumpets 8th'
25th Clairon 4 ′
III swell
26th Bourdon 16 ′
27. Principal 8th'
28. Flauto 8th'
29 Salicional 8th'
30th Voix céleste 8th'
31. Prestant 4 ′
32. Flûte octaviante 4 ′
33. Octavine 2 ′
34. Plein jeu 3-4f 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
35. Cornet 3f 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
36. Trompette harmonique 8th'
37. Hautbois 8th'
38. Clairon harmonique 4 ′
Tremulant
pedal
39. Principal bass 16 ′
40. Sub-bass 16 ′
41. Fifth bass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
42. Octave bass 8th'
43. Covered bass 8th'
44. Chorale bass 4 ′
45. Mixture 4f 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
46. trombone 16 ′
47. Trumpet 8th'

Choir organ

I main work
1. Principal 8th'
2. Copel 8th'
3. Octave 4 ′
4th Flageolet 2 ′
5. Mixture 3f 2 ′
II swell
6th Reed flute 8th'
7th Salicional 8th'
8th. Voix céleste 8th'
9. Pointed flute 4 ′
10. Duplicate 2 ′
11. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
12. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
13. Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
pedal
14th Sub bass 16 ′
15th Octavbass 8th'
16. Cover bass 8th'
17th Choral bass 4 ′

Bells

Bell 1 - Hosanna

In the church bell chamber, which is clad with wooden sound shutters, there is a nine-part loud chime, which is one of the lowest bell ensembles in southern Germany. It is also the lowest pitch of the bishopric of Augsburg . Eight church bells were cast by Karl Czudnochowsky ( Erding ), the great Hosanna in 1949 was the only one made of "Euphon" (copper-zinc alloy), the other bells in 1950 made of bell bronze . The gap between the Ulrich and Burkard bells was closed in 2019 with the new "Witnesses of Faith" bell, which was cast in the Grassmayr bell foundry and sounds in the tone a. All bells hang on straight yokes in the wooden bell chair. The detailed ringing order takes into account the variety of musical combinations of the bells. Fixed chiming appointments during the week are the ringing of the Angelus in the morning, at noon and in the evening with the Annuntiata , the memory of the Mount of Olives prayer and the agony of Christ on Thursday evening with the Gloriosa as well as the memory of the death of Christ on the cross on Fridays at 3 p.m. with Gloriosa and Ottilia (at every 1st Friday of the month with Hosanna and Annuntiata ). The full bell can only be heard on the highest festive days (Festum Summum): Christmas Eve and Christmas Day , Epiphany , Easter Vigil and Easter Sunday as well as Pentecost Sunday . The bell rings in the Clunyacensic style: 30 minutes before the beginning of the pontifical mass, all bells ring together; the smaller bells then ring out until finally only the hosanna sounds alone. One after the other, all eight bells are rung individually until the small chapter bell sounds. The other, larger bells now come back one after the other until the overall ringing sounds again.

No.
 		 Surname
 		 Nominal
( HT - 1 / 16 )		 Weight
(kg)		 Ø
(mm)		 Liturgical function
(soloist)
1 Christ Salvator (Hosanna) f sharp 0 +1 5250 2180 Festum Summum, men's high festivals, death bell for monks, angelus (Easter Sunday, Christmas Day, March 25th)
2 Benedict (Gloriosa) a 0 -1 3600 1830 Sundays during Easter and Christmas, Easter and Christmas octaves, Marian and Holy Feasts
3 Assumpta  (anniversary bell) h 0 -1 2250 1580 Sundays in the annual cycle, Sundays during Advent and Lent, Angelus (Easter time)
4th Annuntiata (angelus bell) cis 1 ± 0 1750 1430 Angelus, Easter and Christmas working days, death bell for residents of the monastery village
5 Ottilia e 1 +1 1050 1190 Working days in the annual cycle and the Lent period
6th Bartholomäus (Apostle Bell) f sharp 1 +1 650 1020 Weekdays in Advent
7th Ulrich g sharp 1 +1 450 880 Noon shore
8th Witnesses of faith a 1 +1 460 896 Completely in the Easter and Christmas season as well as on high festivals
9 Boniface  (chapter bell) h 1 +1 350 800 Completely

The five largest bells bear the following inscriptions:

  1. Apparuit gratia Dei Salvatoris Nostri omnibus hominibus. Salvator Cor sacratum / flagrans atque vulneratum / hoc in loco sit laudatum / incessanter et amatum. Hosanna. Jesus, Salvator, salva nos. Hosanna / Hosanna. Salva nos Salvator. Hosanna. ("The grace of God, our Redeemer, has appeared to all people. Sacred Heart of the Redeemer, glowing and wounded, be praised and loved always in this place. Hosanna, Redeemer Jesus, save us. Hosanna.")
  2. Gloriose confessor domini monachorum pater et dux Benedicte intercede pro nobis. ("Glorious confessor of the Lord, father and teacher of the monks, stands up for us.")
  3. Assumpta est Maria in cælum gaudent angeli - In memoriam definitionis dogmaticæ assumptionis B. Mariæ V. Kal. Nov. Anni Sancti MCML. ("The angels are happy: Mary has been taken into heaven - In memory of the proclamation of the dogma of Mary being taken into heaven. On November 1st of the Holy Year 1950.")
  4. Ave Maria gratia plena. ("Hail Mary, full of grace.")
  5. Sancta Ottilia lumen posce patrona cæcis. ("Holy Ottilia, you our patroness, implore light to the blind.")

Monastery fire brigade

→ St. Ottilien fire brigade

Monastery study

The monastery took part in the monastery study . According to the results, nuns and women of the general population live almost equally long, closely followed by monks who have an average life expectancy of one to two years shorter than both groups of women. Well behind are men of the general population who live an average of six years shorter than nuns and women of the general population and up to four and a half years shorter than monks.

Transport links

St. Ottilien stop

From the 1870s there were plans for a railway line from Mering to Ammersee and to Weilheim , which was to be run two kilometers east of the Sankt Ottilien monastery via Türkenfeld . However, the monastery campaigned for a route directly via Sankt Ottilien. Since it gave up the necessary reason for it, the railway construction committee finally decided on this route. On June 30, 1898, the route known as the Ammerseebahn , which runs east along the monastery, was opened. Sankt Ottilien got its own stopping point with a loading platform. It is the only train station in Germany that has only served to connect a monastery since its opening and until today. The reception building , newly built in 1939, is a listed building .

See also

Remarks

  1. ^ All locations in the municipality of Eresing at the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online
  2. ↑ Brochure from the monastery from 2009
  3. ↑ Augsburger Allgemeine from May 5, 2018 on the DP camp , accessed on June 8, 2018
  4. ↑ Article by Anton Posset from special issue 6 The future emanated from the Landsberg DP camp - Jewish DPs in the Benedictine abbey by Dirk Walter: The Jewish DP camp and hospital in Sankt Ottilien and the contemporary witness report by Erika G. Grube Movement therapist in the DP Hospital - A witness report
  5. ↑ see page about the cemetery at Alemannia Judaica at http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/st_ottilien_friedhof.htm
  6. ^ Official register of places for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987, Munich, 1991, p. 101
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Öxler elected Archabbot of St. Ottilien, orden-online.de, December 17, 2012
  8. ↑ The bells of the Archabbey of Sankt Ottilien ( Memento from August 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Bells of the Archabbey of Sankt Ottilien. In: The extensive chimes of the Archabbey of Sankt Ottilien is presented by Brother Lazarus on YouTube. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Marc Luy : Why women live longer . Findings from a comparison of the monastery and general population. In: Materials on Population Science . No.  106 . Federal Institute for Population Research , 2002, ISSN  0178-918X , DNB  965668789 ( bib-demografie.de [PDF; 1.5 MB ; accessed on December 6, 2015] Zugl. Diploma thesis 1998). online PDF file, 1.5 MB ( Memento from December 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ Marc Luy in: Hella Ehlers, Heike Kahlert , Gabriele Linke, Dorit Raffel, Beate Rudlof, Heike Trappe (eds.): Gender difference - and no end? Social sciences and humanities contributions to gender research . 1st edition. tape  8 . LIT Verlag, Berlin / Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-8258-1647-6 , 10 years monastery study - knowledge gained and open questions about the causes of the different life expectancy of women and men, p. 251–273 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  12. ^ Andreas Janikowski: The Ammerseebahn. Traffic development in western Upper Bavaria . Transpress, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-344-71033-8 , pp. 51-54 .

literature

  • Bals, Claudius: The Archabbey of St. Ottilien. Missionary monasticism. St. Ottilien 2004, ISBN 3-8306-7189-X .

Web links

Commons : Erzabtei St. Ottilien  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files