Stuttgart Regional Court
The Stuttgart Regional Court is a court of ordinary jurisdiction and one of eight regional courts in the district of the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court . The judicial district of the regional court comprises the two local courts in Stuttgart and the local courts in nine districts around Stuttgart. The regional court is responsible in the first instance and as an appeal and complaint body for civil and criminal matters as well as in matters of voluntary jurisdiction.
The district court is located in Stuttgart judicial district at the Urban Road, in the same place as the 1875-1879 built in 1944 and destroyed courthouse (see Justice quarters and buildings ).
dish
The Stuttgart Regional Court is a court of ordinary jurisdiction . It is the largest court in Baden-Württemberg and one of the largest regional courts in Germany. The regional court has its seat in Stuttgart and
is one of eight regional courts in the district of the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court . The district courts of Backnang , Böblingen , Esslingen am Neckar , Kirchheim unter Teck , Leonberg , Ludwigsburg , Nürtingen , Schorndorf , Stuttgart , Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt and Waiblingen belong to the judicial district of the regional court . The Stuttgart Public Prosecutor's Office is responsible for the entire regional court district.
According to the Courts Constitution Act, the regional court is primarily responsible for civil disputes , criminal matters and matters of voluntary jurisdiction in the first instance and as an appeal and complaint instance. The administrative board of the regional court is a president. The presidium, elected by all the judges of the court, determines the allocation of the pending proceedings to one of the chambers in the business allocation plan annually in advance .
building
The Stuttgart justice district (or judicial district) with the higher regional court and the regional court is located in the quarter between Olgastraße and Urbanstraße or Ulrichstraße and Archivstraße.
The building of the Higher Regional Court at Ulrichstraße 10 and Olgastraße 2 contains the rooms of the Higher Regional Court:
- 18 courtrooms that are shared by the Higher Regional Court and the Regional Court,
- the administrative department,
- the Constitutional Court ,
- the Higher Lawyers' Court
- and the court for judges .
The three connected buildings of the district court consist of Tertiary coarse limestone from Tengen . They are located on Urbanstrasse on the site of the judicial building built in 1875–1879 and destroyed in 1944:
- Long building at Urbanstrasse 20, height 24 meters, length 67 meters, 6 floors and 2 basement floors, main facade cladding made of Gauinger travertine , construction period: 1954–1956.
- Skyscraper on the corner of Urbanstrasse 18 and Archivstrasse ("Tower of Justice"), set back from Urbanstrasse by a forecourt, height 33 meters, 9 floors, construction period: 1950–1953. The former entrance to the left of the high relief was bricked up.
- Connecting wing between the two buildings with floor transitions and the main entrance of the district court, 6 floors.
The building of the former district court at Archivstrasse 15A, the only largely preserved part of the destroyed judicial building, has also belonged to the district court since 2001. The library of the Higher Regional Court is housed in the neighboring new building, Archivstrasse 15B.
architectural art
Constitutional pillar
In the middle of the forecourt rises a high, rectangular column made of six limestone blocks, from which the figure of the “ Genius ” grows out in blocks (see cover picture). The back of the column tapers upwards like a buttress and thereby underlines the dynamism of the slightly leaning figure. Article 1 of the constitution of the state of Baden-Württemberg is carved on the face of the column.
The Genius was created by the sculptor Hermann Kress based on a design by Hermann Brachert in 1956. The larger than life figure, "a kind of Archangel Michael, who victoriously sets foot on injustice in the form of a snake", wears a body-length, wrinkled robe, a rigid collar and a cap that covers the hair. The left hand rises as if in defense, the right hand holds an unidentified object.
High relief
The square high relief "The Oath", an allegorical representation of the administration of justice, has a side length of around 6 meters and was created in 1953 by the sculptor Hermann Kress based on a design by Hermann Brachert . It is located, half covered by the canopy of a tree, on the right corner of the high-rise building at Urbanstrasse 18.
Above the inscription “Law and Justice and Freedom” stands the people, represented by representatives of different classes: mother with child, soldier, man with hanging arms, man with oath hand, craftsman with sledgehammer and farmer with scythe and sapling. The jury court with three judges, one of whom raises his hand to take an oath, towers over the half-naked people. Justitia stands high above all with a sword and scales, and everything is outshone by the sun, which brings the truth to light.
The three judges (from left to right) are depicted with the features of the then Higher Regional Court President Robert Perlen , the Prime Minister Reinhold Maier and the Minister of Justice Josef Beyerle .
memorial
description
A staircase leads from Urbanstraße to the forecourt of the regional court. To the left of the stairs there is a head-high ashlar wall made of red sandstone. A wedge-shaped layer of red marble juts out from under the top of the wall. It bears the inconspicuous, barely perceptible band of inscriptions
- IN MEMORY OF THE VICTIMS OF JUSTICE IN NATIONAL SOCIALISM
- HUNDREDS WERE EXECUTED HERE IN THE COURTYARD
- A WARNING TO THE LIVING
The Stuttgart journalist Joe Bauer says: “You need very good scouts to discover this memorial; it was knowingly hidden. ”The memorial was inaugurated on June 13, 1994. It commemorates the at least 450 victims of the Nazi judiciary who were executed with the guillotine from 1933 to 1944 in the atrium of the former justice building. At the site of the Nazi regime's execution site, there is now a parking lot for court employees.
prehistory
The justice building was the seat of the notorious "Special Court of Stuttgart". Under its chairman Cuhorst (since October 1, 1937) it “increasingly sentenced so-called 'broadcast crimes', 'pest crimes' and 'violent crimes'. Death sentences were imposed for the most minor offenses, such as minor thefts, but also for specific Nazi offenses such as 'damage to the reputation of the German people', which, according to the so-called 'Poland Penal Ordinance', understood intimate relationships between a Polish slave laborer and a German woman . ".
Along with Munich and Hamburg, the Stuttgart execution site was one of the largest of its kind. The executioner Johann Reichhart traveled every three to four weeks and was responsible for the central execution site in Stuttgart. From March 1942 to September 1944, 20 death sentences were carried out on these dates, and on June 1, 1943 even 34. The prisoners housed in the so-called “Stuttgart remand prison” were beheaded with a guillotine every three minutes between five and seven in the morning. When the employees came on duty, everything was cleared away again.
The bodies of those killed were brought to the anatomical institutes of the University of Tübingen and the University of Heidelberg and given to the medical students for "training purposes". In Tübingen the remains of the corpses were buried in burial field X in the city cemetery .
outlook
Fritz Endemann, former administrative judge at the Stuttgart Regional Court and initiator of the memorial, demands: "It is essential to change that cars are now parked at the point where the blood of 450 people flowed". In addition, he advocates “that the commemoration in this place becomes more worthy. 'This inscription is inadequate in terms of appearance and content,' he criticizes. In the 1990s, no detailed statement could be enforced. The names of those executed should also not be given. This could change soon."
In an article about seven French resistance fighters from Dijon who were murdered in the court of the regional court, the journalist Roger Repplinger describes the memorial as an “anonymous memorial plaque” and continues: “The inscription is expressed around the word 'murder' as well as around ' Wrong '. And it is more than questionable whether one does justice to the men and women who were murdered here by calling them 'victims'. At all, it is unusual for lawyers to deny any specific date: What were the names of the executed? How many were there? Where did they come from Who condemned them for what? Who was involved besides the judges? Who executed them? "
The French resistance fighters were given a minimum of dignified memory, not in Stuttgart but in Dijon: At the Dijon train station, a plaque commemorates the dead: “This plaque says that seven railway workers, members of the French resistance movement, were on April 19, 1944 were beheaded in Stuttgart: 'Décapités par les Nazis le 19. Avril à Stuttgart.' And then seven names are listed with their ages. ”The remains of the dead were taken to the Heidelberg anatomy.
history
Plan of the Justice Building, 1879–1945.
Plan of the Stuttgart justice district, 2016.
Empire and Weimar Republic
On October 1, 1879, the Reich Justice Acts came into force, including the Reich Court Constitution Act of January 27, 1877 and the Württemberg Implementation Act of January 24, 1879, which among other things regulated the establishment of the judiciary. As part of these reforms, the previous district court in Stuttgart was replaced by the district court in Stuttgart. The judicial district included the district courts of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Cannstatt, Böblingen, Esslingen, Leonberg, Ludwigsburg and Waiblingen.
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In view of the reform of the judiciary through the Reich Justice Acts, a new building was built on Urbanstrasse between Ulrichstrasse and Archivstrasse from 1875 to 1879, which from 1879 housed the Higher Regional Court and the Regional Court. The justice building was built according to the plans of the architect Theodor von Landauer , at that time the Württemberg senior building officer, on the site of today's justice district as a magnificent, palace-like building in the style of Palladio's high renaissance . The four outer wings and a central building enclosed two square inner courtyards, of which the northern one was used as a place of execution. In addition to numerous office rooms, the justice building contained a jury court room and eight other hearing rooms. Two allegorical figures “Justice and Law” by the sculptor Karl Kopp adorned the attic of the central building on the main front facing Archivstrasse. A T-shaped building behind the justice building, which was also built by Landauer from 1878 to 1880, served as a prison. It was connected to the main building by an underground passage. The justice building was almost completely destroyed in 1944, only the former district court at Archivstrasse 15B was largely spared. The preserved surrounding walls were removed when the new buildings of the Higher Regional Court and Regional Court were built in the 1950s.
National Socialism
Little is known about the staff of the regional court and the proceedings handled during the Nazi era , because many files were destroyed during the war. By Verreichlichung of Justice on 1 April 1935, the Justice sovereignty of the countries was transferred to the Ministry of Justice, so that the district court Stuttgart was placed under the Ministry of Justice. Due to the law for the restoration of the civil service of 1933 and the Reich Citizenship Law of 1935, the Jewish employees were removed from service.
Race Protection Chamber
The "Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor" of September 15, 1935, the so-called " Blood Protection Act ", prohibited marriages and extramarital sex between "Jews, Gypsies and Negroes" with "citizens of German or related blood". Violations of the law were threatened with prison or penitentiary service, and from 1941 also with the death penalty, women remained unpunished.
As in all other regional courts, race protection proceedings in Stuttgart usually had to be transferred to a single criminal chamber. By order of the district court president Martin Rieger in 1937 the criminal chamber V of the district court was designated as a race protection chamber. The judges involved in the race protection proceedings applied the law obediently and rigorously, although some even belonged to the Confessing Church . See also: Race Protection Procedure .
Stuttgart Special Court
From 1933, in addition to the Regional Court and the Higher Regional Court, the Stuttgart Special Court, which was responsible for criminal and political proceedings in the district of the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court outside the ordinary jurisdiction, met in the judicial building . Some judges of the regional court were appointed to the special court in the course of their careers (see #Richter zur Nazzeit ). The special court was notorious for the massive imposition of death sentences and long-term penal sentences or imprisonment in concentration camps for minor criminal offenses or specific Nazi offenses. More than 450 death sentences, including 200 sentences from the Stuttgart Special Court, were carried out in the northern atrium of the justice building (see memorial, previous history ).
Last years of the war
In a bombing raid on the night of September 12th to 13th, 1944, the judicial building was destroyed in a heavy air raid with the exception of the surrounding walls, and the remand prison was "only damaged". The regional court was temporarily housed in the building at Ulrichstrasse 10-12, which is also located in the justice district. With the occupation of Stuttgart by French troops on April 21, 1945, all German jurisdiction ceased.
post war period
On September 10, 1945, Franz Steinle was appointed the first post-war president of the district court by the American military government. He was followed by Robert Perlen as President of the Regional Court on December 4, 1945 , while Franz Steinle became President of the re-established Higher Regional Court. The judicial district of the regional court was expanded to include the American-occupied district court district of Nürtingen due to the layout of the occupation zones. This district court previously belonged to the otherwise French-occupied regional court district of Tübingen . Until the construction of the new district court building in 1956, the nave at Urbanstrasse 20, the district court was still housed in the Ulrichstrasse 10-12 building. The Higher Regional Court used the high-rise building at Urbanstraße 18, which was newly built in 1953, until it moved to the new building at Olgastraße 2. In 1982, the regional court also moved into the high-rise building in addition to the long building, and in 2001 also the former district court at Archivstraße 15A.
President
Source: #Sontag 2004 , page 208.
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Judges during the Nazi era
Little is known about the staff of the Stuttgart Regional Court during the Nazi era because many files were destroyed in the war.
Special court
Fritz Endemann, a former administrative judge at the Stuttgart Regional Court, compiled the most important data on some of the "main participants" who were appointed by the Stuttgart Regional Court to the Stuttgart Special Court , as shown in the following table. This overview is in no way representative, but can only provide clues about the careers of compliant lawyers during the Nazi era. All of the listed judges were exonerated after the Second World War in the arbitration chamber proceedings or qualified as followers and once again made careers in the judicial service.
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| Judge | Life data |
NSDAP | Career in the German Empire |
Special court |
death judge |
be voiced chamber |
Career in the Federal Republic |
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| Hermann Azesdorfer | 1898-1977 | 1940 | 1937 Regional Judge. 1944 Higher Regional Judge |
1939 | 11 | Fellow travelers | 1953 District Court Counselor 1956 District Court Director |
| Alfred Bohn | 1888–? | - | 1922 District Judge 1929 District Judge 1939 Higher District Judge 1940 District Court Director |
1933 | 14th | relieved | Prosecutor |
| Helmut Dinkelacker | 1906–? | 1933 | 1922 district judge | ? | 6th | ? | 1953 District Court Councilor 1964 Government Director |
| Max Hegele | 1885–? | ? | 1929 District Court Councilor 1940 District Court Director |
1933 | 4th | Fellow travelers | Retirement age |
| Adolf Payer | 1896–? | 1933 | 1935 District Judge. 1943 District Court Director |
1939 | 9 | Fellow travelers | 1953 District Court Counselor 1956 District Court Director |
| Max Stuber | 1891–? | 1933 | 1934 District Judge. 1944 Higher District Judge |
1939 | 6th | relieved | 1953 District Judge 1953 Higher District Judge |
Breed Protection Procedure
Walter Widman, presiding judge of the Race Protection Chamber, and Paul Theodor Huzel, presiding judge of Criminal Chamber III, stood out in the race protection proceedings. Although both belonged to the Confessing Church , they compliantly and rigorously applied the "Blood Protection Act".
| Judge | Life data |
NSDAP | Career in the German Empire |
be voiced chamber |
Career in the Federal Republic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walter Widmann | 1893–? | - | District court director 1937 presiding judge of the race protection chamber |
not burdened | ? |
| Paul Theodor Huzel | 1877–? | 1933 | 1929 District Court Director, Presiding Judge of Criminal Chamber III | Fellow travelers | Legal clerk judge |
List of victims
See also: List of people executed in the German Reich .
The memorial withholds the names of the dead who were murdered in the north atrium of the justice building. Not only were death sentences carried out by the Stuttgart Special Court or the Higher Regional Court, but victims from all over southwest Germany were brought to the central execution site in Stuttgart and beheaded there.
Since many files were destroyed in the war, the exact number of those murdered can no longer be determined. Fritz Endemann, former administrative judge at the Stuttgart Regional Court, draws the conclusion: “But the dimensions are clearly recognizable: The Stuttgart registry office has death certificates for 454 executions between October 23, 1933 and August 24, 1944. A list apparently made in the Stuttgart remand prison ... recorded 375 executions from March 26, 1942 to August 24, 1944. A closer comparison of the death certificates with this list shows that they are not complete. "
Official list
In the State Archives Ludwigsburg a typewritten official list entitled "death penalty" is kept, which was created after the war and, among other things in the Spruchkammer acts of the Nazi judge Hermann Cuhorst located. It can be downloaded as a PDF file from the Ludwigsburg State Archives website. The list covers the period between March 26, 1942 and August 24, 1944. It is numbered 1–419 and contains the names of 420 people sentenced to death. 393 sentences were carried out, the remaining sentences were commuted to imprisonment, some detainees allegedly died of natural causes or were transferred to other detention centers, and one person was “pardoned”. This list is also incomplete and in some cases poorly preserved, so that the resulting figures can only provide a guide.
Missing list
The following lists contain the names of people who are missing from the official list.
Various
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| Surname | born | died | Life | tomb | source |
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| Martin Ganter | 1891 | January 26, 1944 | Resistance fighters | [4] | |
| Viktor Kunz | 1885 | August 14, 1943 | Politicians and resistance fighters | Burial ground X | [5] |
| Philipp Ullrich | 1901 | March 30, 1944 | Resistance fighters | [6] | |
| Karl Schmitt | 1902 | July 25, 1944 | Resistance fighters | [7] |
Lech leader group
The Mannheim Lechleiter group, an anti-fascist resistance group, was founded by Georg Lechleiter . The group published the KP underground newspaper “Der Vorbote”. 14 members of the group (see table) were sentenced to death by the 2nd Senate of the People's Court in Mannheim on May 15, 1942 for “preparation for high treason” . They were guillotined on September 15, 1942 between 5:00 am and 5:47 am in the courtyard of the Stuttgart Regional Court . The corpses were brought to the anatomy department of Heidelberg University for "study purposes". The remains of ten of the dead were buried in the Bergfriedhof in Heidelberg , insofar as they were not processed into preparations .
The Lechleiter group also included Albert Fritz, Richard Jatzek, Ludwig Neischwander, Bruno Rüffer and Henriette Wagner, whose execution is listed on the official list on February 24, 1943.
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| Surname | born | Life |
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| Georg Lechleiter | 1885 | Typesetter, until 1932 faction leader of the KPD in the Baden state parliament, 1933–1935 Ankenbuck and Kislau concentration camps , 1935–1937 labor service on the Westwall , around 1939 founding of the Lechleiter group |
| Philipp Brunnemer | 1867 | Foreman, SPD member since 1890 |
| Jakob Faulhaber | 1900 | Locksmith, member of the workers' youth of the SPD, from 1930 member of the KPD, 1933–1934 Kislau concentration camp , then owner of a gardening business, establishment of KPD company groups in large Mannheim companies |
| Johann Kupka | 1899 | Possibly author of the brochure: Johann Jakob Kupka: Franco-German Fraternization, A Necessity. Brooklyn, NY: F. Weidner, 1935, 31 pages |
| Anton Kurz | 1906 | Eisendreher, KPD member |
| Rudolf Langendorf | 1894 | Commercial clerk |
| Rudolf Maus | 1902 | Locksmith in the Strebel works |
| Ludwig Moldrzyk | 1899 | Fräser, KPD operating group of Lanz AG, arrested in 1933 and 1942, Ankenbuck concentration camp |
| Robert Schmoll | 1896 | locksmith |
| Alfred Seitz | 1903 | Nurse in the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg-Rohrbach |
| Käthe Seitz born Brunnemer | 1894 | Housewife, SPD member since 1918, city councilor in Cleve (today Kleve) in the 1920s |
| Daniel Seizinger | 1887 | Electrician in the Burchhardt radio shop in Mannheim-Luzenberg, conversion of people's receivers to listen to foreign stations |
| Eugene Sigrist | 1903 | Lathe operator |
| Max Winterhalter | 1902 | Factory worker, KPD member |
Frank Fahsel
On April 9, 2008, the Süddeutsche Zeitung published a letter to the editor from Frank Fahsel from Fellbach . The latter presented himself as a former judge at the Stuttgart Regional Court (1973-2004) and claimed that he had " experienced unbelievable as well as countless violations of law and infractions organized by the system " and that he had "had to experience countless judges and public prosecutors, which one can simply call 'criminal' ”. On the occasion of the so-called Saxon Marsh , he stated that he knew various judges and public prosecutors in Stuttgart who went “to the brothel ”. The letter contained neither concrete facts nor names and appeared under the title “Consistent Manipulation”.
The allegations against the Stuttgart regional court triggered a shit storm . Half a year after the letter to the editor was published, the journalist Andreas Müller stated in the Stuttgarter Zeitung: “There are now more than 600 entries under his name on the Google Internet search engine. His verdict is quoted in almost every forum of judicial critics, victims or injured parties. [...] In the meantime, Fahsel has become a kind of key witness for all those who quarrel with the judiciary for a wide variety of reasons. If even a former judge judges that way from an intimate internal perspective, they conclude, then the German legal system must really have degenerated. "
With the exception of the article by Andreas Müller, the letter to the editor was almost without exception only quoted, without any critical comments on Fahsel's statements. There were several negative statements from the judiciary and politics to the allegations of the letter writer.
The President of the Stuttgart Regional Court, Franz Steinle , saw the allegations of the former colleague as "pure defamation ". Eberhard Stilz , President of the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court , considered it “not advisable to give the letter to the editor the honor of a reply”. One can only react to an utterance “that has a certain level”. In the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Justice under Ulrich Goll (FDP) , the “grossly defamatory statements and value judgments” were considered far too general. The Federal Minister of Justice Brigitte Zypries (SPD) , who was confronted with Fahsel’s letter to the editor on the internet platform “parliamentary watch.de”, replied: “I consider the allegations against the German constitutional state and, above all, the allegation that 'countless judges, public prosecutors and Prosecutors are said to be 'criminally absurd and infamous. "
The author Hans-Joachim Selenz , who was apostrophized by Andreas Müller as “well-known”, wrote about Fahsel’s allegations: “If this were claimed by a simple citizen who is being deprived of his rights by one of these criminal law enforcement officers, he would - with a high degree of probability - soon be behind bars . Unless it is the truth [...] There is no better way to sum up the situation in the parts of the German judiciary with the help of which politics and business abuse the rule of law ”and uses Fahsel's allegations on his website to defend his to underpin one's own partial criticism of the judiciary.
The exrichter's letter to the editor continues to circulate on the Internet. There was no judicial clarification of the allegations or a substantive discourse, as Fahsel had not named any facts that could be verified afterwards. According to Andreas Müller, the ex-judge's letter was simply "noted" by the Stuttgart public prosecutor's office, the allegations were too vague to investigate in terms of content, but also too vague to be investigated for insults . Any violations of the law committed during Judge Fahsel's tenure have been statute-barred since 2009 at the latest, and any insults through letters to the editor or the comments cited since 2011 .
See also
- List of German courts
- List of courts in the state of Baden-Württemberg
- Category: Judge (Regional Court Stuttgart)
literature
General
- The sculptor Prof. Hermann Brachert 1890–1972. Exhibition for the 100th birthday. Sculptures, amber work, drawings. June 10 - July 1, 1990, 29th East German Culture Week in Ravensburg. Ravensburg 1990.
- History OLG Stuttgart (part 5). In the time of the Nazi judiciary 1933 to 1945, online .
- (gie): ceremony in the tower of justice. The Stuttgart Justice Tower inaugurated - Two new Senates at the Higher Regional Court. In: Stuttgarter Zeitung. May 28, 1953, p. 12.
- Ortwin Henssler: 100 years of court constitution, higher regional courts of Karlsruhe and Stuttgart 1879–1979. Villingen-Schwenningen 1979, pp. 64, 74-75, 77.
- Max Joos, Franz Stümper, Adalbert Sack: Stuttgart Regional Court then and now. Festschrift for the handover of the new district court building. Stuttgart 1956.
- Peter Sontag: The Stuttgart Regional Court. In: #Stilz 2004 , pages 201-208.
- Eberhard Stilz (editor): The Stuttgart Higher Regional Court: 125 years, 1879 - 2004. Villingen-Schwenningen 2004.
building
- The new justice building and the new building of the k. public library in Stuttgart. In: Zeitschrift für Baukunde , 1880, Volume 3, Columns 251-253.
- Theodor von Landauer : The new justice building in Stuttgart. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 53, 1888, pages 14–16, plates 11–15, text , plates .
- Theodor von Landauer and others: courts of law, penal and correctional institutions. In: Handbuch der Architektur , part 4, half volume 7, booklet 1. Stuttgart 1900, pages 295–299 (justice building), 430–432 (prison), online .
- Gilbert Lupfer: Architecture of the fifties in Stuttgart. Tübingen 1997, pp. 237-243.
- Gustav Wais : Old Stuttgart's buildings in the picture: 640 pictures, including 2 colored ones, with explanations of city history, architectural history and art history. Stuttgart 1951, reprint Frankfurt am Main 1977, page 664.
- Martin Wörner, Gilbert Lupfer, Ute Schulz: Architectural Guide Stuttgart. Berlin 2006, No. 61.
National Socialism
- Hermann G. Abmayr (editor): Stuttgart Nazi perpetrators: from fellow travelers to mass murderers. Stuttgart 2009.
- Michael Czaszkoczy; Dieter Fehrentz; Vera Glitscher: Mannheim secret. The fall harbinger. History of the Mannheim Lechleiter resistance group , 2005, online .
- Fritz Endemann: National Socialist Criminal Justice in Stuttgart. In: Schwäbische Heimat , year 42, 1991, issue 4, pages 303-313.
- Fritz Endemann: Hermann Cuhorst and other special judges. Justice of Terror and Eradication. In: #Abmayr 2009 , pages 332–345.
- Gerhard Hiller: Walter Widmann, Paul Theodor Huzel. In: #Abmayr 2009 , pages 346–361.
- Hans Joachim Lang: The track to burial ground X. Conversation with Carmen Eckardt about her film “Viktor's head”. In: Schwäbisches Tagblatt , March 16, 2016, online .
- Alfred Marx: The fate of the Jewish lawyers in Württemberg and Hohenzollern: 1933 - 1945. Villingen 1965.
- Sybille Neth: The bloody trail leads to Urbanstrasse. In Stuttgarter Nachrichten / Stuttgarter Zeitung , number 32, March 18, 2016, supplement downtown Stuttgart - center, west, south, east, north , page I. - About the anti-fascist resistance fighter Viktor Kunz, who was beheaded in the courtyard of the regional court in 1943.
- Roger Repplinger: beheaded by the Nazis. In: Context: weekly newspaper , August 20, 2014, online .
- Roger Repplinger: Shoot them or behead? In: Context: weekly newspaper , September 10, 2014, online .
- Death penalty. List of those sentenced to death who were sent to the Stuttgart remand prison in 1942–1944. State Archive Ludwigsburg, online .
- Susanne Wein: Justice. In: Susanne Wein: Everything explored? : National Socialism in Württemberg and Hohenzollern; Literature review and bibliography. Norderstedt 2013, pages 62–63.
- Günther Weinmann: The Stuttgart Higher Regional Court from 1933 to 1945. In: #Stilz 2004 , pages 37-62.
Frank Fahsel
- Frank Fahsel: Consistent manipulation. Overtaken by the old horror. SZ from April 2nd. [Letter to the editor]. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , April 9, 2008.
- Andreas Müller : Ex-judge goes to court with his guild - and they are silent. ( Memento from May 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . October 30, 2008.
- Hans-Joachim Selenz : Justice Swamp Germany , Peine , May 22, 2008, online .
Web links
Wikinews: Stuttgart Regional Court - in the news- Website of the Stuttgart Regional Court
- Overview of the jurisdiction of the Stuttgart Regional Court
Footnotes
- ↑ Regional Court of Stuttgart .
- ^ Higher Regional Court of Stuttgart .
- ↑ #Lupfer 1997 ; #gie 1953 ; # Wörner 2006 , #Joos 1956 , pages 45-48.
- ↑ In #Brachert 1990 , page 16, 52, the title of the work is given as “Genius”. - #Henssler 1979 , page 74: "The symbolic figure on the constitutional column in front of the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court can be interpreted as a representation of the desired legal peace."
- ↑ Text: [1] .
- ↑ #Brachert 1990 , page 16, the 52nd
- ↑ #Endemann 1991 , page 304.
- ↑ #Henssler 1979 , page 64, 77, #Endemann 1991 , page 303-304, #Lupfer 1997 , page 239, #gie 1953 .
- ↑ Joe Bauer's Flaneursalon .
- ↑ #Geschichte OLG , #Weinmann 2004 , pages 49-53.
- ↑ #Endemann 1991 , #History OLG , #Neth 2016 , #Lang 2016 .
- ↑ #Neth 2016 .
- ↑ #Repplinger 2014.1 .
- ↑ #Joos 1956 , pp. 21, 23, #Sontag 2004 , pp. 202–203.
- ↑ #Henssler 1979 , page 30, shows two views of the justice building from 1925 and 1931.
- ↑ #Wais 1951.1 .
- ↑ #Lupfer 1997 , page 448, footnote 435.
- ↑ #Hiller 2009 .
- ↑ #Weinmann 2004 , pp. 49–53.
- ↑ #Endemann 1991 , page 312, #Joos 1956 , page 32.
- ↑ Martin Rieger was put into early retirement because he intervened with the Gestapo against the deportation of the Jewish judge Robert Bloch to Auschwitz ( #Marx 1965 , page 4, #Weinmann 2004 , page 44).
- ^ From September 10, 1945 ( #Joos 1956 , page 32).
- ↑ From December 4, 1945 ( #Joos 1956 , p. 33).
- ↑ From November 29, 1949 ( #Joos 1956 , page 34).
- ↑ From June 16, 1952 ( #Joos 1956 , page 34).
- ↑ #Endemann 2009 , pp. 338-344.
- ^ Except for Max Hegele, who had passed retirement age.
- ↑ #Hiller 2009 .
- ^ #Endemann 1991 , page 312.
- ^ Victims of the Nazi justice in Stuttgart .
- ↑ # Death Penalty .
- ↑ #Czaszkoczy 2005 , #Endemann 1991 , pages 308-310, [2] , [3] .
- ↑ #Endemann 1991 , page 309.
- ↑ #Fahsel 2008 .
- ↑ # Müller 2008 .
- ↑ # Müller 2008 .
- ^ Statement by Federal Minister of Justice Brigitte Zypries , parliamentwatch.de , June 20, 2008.
- ↑ #Selenz 2008 .
- ↑ # Müller 2008 .
- ↑ Section 78 of the Criminal Code
- ↑ Section 339 of the Criminal Code
- ↑ Section 185 of the Criminal Code
- ↑ Click image, click image 1, menu bar: select "Print / Download", select "Print (PDF output)" in the pop-up window and click "Entire document".
Coordinates: 48 ° 46 ′ 36.7 " N , 9 ° 11 ′ 9.4" E