Friedrich Karl von Moser

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Friedrich Karl von Moser, engraving by Christoph Wilhelm Bock
The coat of arms of the Moser von Filseck family in 1573
Friedrich Karl's coat of arms on the short-term possession of Schlösschen Zwingenberg

Baron Friedrich Karl von Moser-Filseck (born December 18, 1723 in Stuttgart , † November 11, 1798 in Ludwigsburg ) was a German political scientist , imperial journalist and politician.

family

Friedrich Karl von Moser comes from an old Württemberg family whose lineage begins around 1400 with Balthasar Moser called Marstaller and whose first representative was raised to the imperial nobility on February 2, 1573 with the addition of " von Filsseckh and Weilerberg" . This gave rise to the family name " Moser von Filseck " or " von Moser-Filseck ".

On December 3, 1763, the brothers Friedrich Karl and Christian Benjamin Moser received confirmation of nobility. Friedrich Karl von Moser was elevated to "the status, honor and dignity of our and the Holy Empire Barons " by Emperor Joseph II in Vienna on December 10, 1769 . This baronial branch of the family died out with the next generation in the male line.

Life

Friedrich Karl von Moser

As the eldest son of Johann Jacob Moser , Moser received a pietistic education at the Berge monastery school and in the Brethren of Ebersdorf (Reuss). After studying law in Jena , he entered his legal and diplomatic field of activity as his father's assistant in 1743: the Vordere Reichskreise, small-scale structures with often very complex legal issues.

From 1751 to 1767 he lived in Frankfurt am Main and represented Hessen-Darmstadt and Hessen-Kassel in the Upper Rhine District . In 1762 he managed to settle the Hanau inheritance dispute and in 1764 he returned Hessen-Kassel to the Upper Rhine District. From 1767 to 1770 he was Reichshofrat in Vienna (1769 Freiherr) and from 1770 to 1772 administrator of the imperial county Falkenstein in Winnweiler ( Palatinate ). 1772 appointed Louis IX. von Hessen-Darmstadt made him First Minister, President of all state colleges and Chancellor with the task of restoring the state finances, which had been shattered by cabinet debts. Moser achieved a debt settlement (1772/79), founded the first German economics faculty in Gießen (1777) and sought through a land commission to regulate local finances and promote agriculture and trade (1777, repealed 1780). In 1779 he acquired the castle in Zwingenberg and had it renovated and rebuilt for his purposes, not without getting into a legal dispute here as well .

His high-handed style of government and the rude behavior of the land commissioners made him many enemies. His departure in 1780, when the Landgrave reintroduced the lottery, which Moser had abolished, by means of a cabinet order to finance his soldier games, and his expulsion from the country in 1782 for alleged infidelity and arbitrariness led to a legal dispute that was only settled (rehabilitated) in 1790 after the Landgrave's death.

From 1783 to 1790 Moser lived in Mannheim , then in Ludwigsburg . In 1749 he married Ernestine von Rottenhoff, b. von Herdt, 1779 Freiin Luise von Wurmser.

writer

In the years 1747 to 1767 and again from 1782 to 1798 Moser developed a lively journalistic activity. He began with collections of legal sources (district farewells), office textbooks and legal books (including Teutsche Hofrecht , 1754; collection of Reichs-Hof-Raths reports, 1752). In Frankfurt, where his meeting with Susanne von Klettenberg and the pietistic group of the “quiet people in the country” shaped him, he also wrote religious works ( The Christian in friendship , 1754; Daniel in der Löwen-Grube , 1763; Geistliche Gedichte , 1763 ), later an archival history of the Waldensians (1798).

More important were his time-critical writings, with which he used the new political power of journalism. Appeared anonymously and a. The master and the servant, portrayed with patriotic freedom (1759, soon translated into French and Russian ), The Court in Fables (1761), From the German National Spirit (1765), Patriotic Letters (1767) and About the Official Trade of German Princes (1786 ), under his name u. a. The Ministerial School (1762), Collected moral and political writings (1763/64) and On the government of the spiritual states in Germany (1787).

He processed his own experiences u. a. in the book about Necker , the French reform minister (anonymous 1782), About regents, government and ministers (1784) and Political truths (1796). In the “Patriotic Archive for Germany” (1784–90, continued as “New Patriotic Archive”, 1792–94) he presented exemplary older and newer statesmen and state institutions. Anecdotal , without a strict scientific system, but imbued with practical reason, enlightening but not revolutionary, his writings wanted to have less of an effect on the mind than on the heart of the reader. In his work on Teutsche Hofrecht, which spans several thousand pages, Moser describes that at the imperial court in Vienna the dignity of the chamberlain is so inflationary that some people only actually exercise the office once in their life: one morning an honorary chamberlain with blue blood wants that fill nominal office by helping the emperor to dress. But the chamberlain does not recognize the emperor because he is wearing a nightgown. And the emperor is not pleased to be asked by the chamberlain whether he knows where he is, the emperor. In a list of the offices represented at German princely courts, Moser also lists a "court-platter", a "court liar, court ear blower" and a "court idler". As a “Christian patriot”, he denounced despotism , corruption and militarism at the royal courts, wanted to overcome the submissiveness and ignorance of the people (promoted by the churches) and made high demands on the conscience and sense of duty of the senior civil servants. In the face of the French Revolution , he remained true to the rule of law based on the estates.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Moser was rediscovered in the 1840s as a fighter for freedom of thought, as an imperial patriot and forerunner of Freiherr von Stein . His lack of understanding of the role of Prussia on the one hand and democracy on the other was later criticized. Lately there has been more attention to his ideal of a Christian police state and his teaching of civil servants.

Honors

literature

Works by Friedrich Karl von Moser

  • Friderich Carl von Moser: The master and the servant. Portrayed with patriotic freedom . Johann August Raspe, Franckfurt 1759.
  • Friedrich Carl von Moser: Political Truths. 2 volumes “bey Orell, Geſsner, Füſsli and Compagnie, Zurich” 1796 :, volume, digitized version and full text in the German text archive
  • Actual history of the Waldensians, their fates and persecutions in the last three half centuries and their recording and cultivation in the Duchy of Würtemberg , Zurich, 1775 digitalized MDZ
  • The highly praiseworthy Franconian Crayses parting and closing: from the year 1600. bis 1748 , Nuremberg 1752 Google Book Digitized University and State Library Saxony-Anhalt
  • Des Obersächsischen Crayses Abschide , 1 vol., Jena 1752 Digitized at: Sächsische Landesbibliothek - State and University Library Dresden
  • Collection of the Holy Roman Empire of all Crays farewells and other conclusions , 3 vols., Leipzig and Ebersdorff 1747–1748, Google Book , vols. 1–3
  • Collection of Reichs-Hof-Raths reports , 6 volumes, Frankfurt am Main 1752–1769, volumes 1–6, University and State Library Düsseldorf (ULB) digitized
  • Small writings to explain constitutional and Völcker law, as well as the Hof- and Canzley-Ceremoniels , Frankfurt am Main, Volumes 1–12, 1751 Google Book digitized MDZ, together with a main register for all twelve volumes 1765 digitized Austrian National Library digitized MDZ
  • Master and servant, portrayed with patriotic freedom , 1759 digitized Austrian National Library
  • From the German National Spirit, 1766 Google Book
  • About the government of the spiritual states in Germany Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1787 Digitized at: Munich Digitization Center
  • Relics , Frankfurt am Main 1766 Digital copy of the Oldenburg State Library
  • Patriotic Archive for Germany 1788 (12 volumes) Digitized library of Bielefeld University
  • Teutsches Hof-Recht: In twelve books , Andrea Frankfurt, Leipzig, 1754–1755, Volumes 1–2, Google Book PDF University and State Library Saxony-Anhalt 'Digitized MDZ
  • About the official trade of German princes , 1786, Google Book digitized MDZ
  • Friderich Carls von Moser Fürstlich-Hessen-Casselischen Secret Raths collected moral and political writings , Frankfurt 1763 digitized MDZ
  • The ministerial school or letter from an old nobleman to a young minister: as an appendix to the Moser Lord and Servant , Freystadt 1762 Google Book
  • Diplomatic and historical amusements , Frankfurt and Leipzig 1755, Volume 1–7, Google Book
  • Daniel in the Lions' Pit: In six songs , 1763 Google Book
  • Doctor Luther's Prince-Mirror of Regents, Councilors and Authorities , Frankfurt 1783 Google Book

Works about Friedrich Karl von Moser

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Karl von Moser  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Original of the letter of nobility in the University Library of Tübingen (call number Ml 1)
  2. ^ Martin Rath: Hof-Recht and Hof-Mohr December 22, 2013 in: Legal Tribune Online
  3. ↑ Hochfuerstl. Hessen-Casselischer Staats- und Adress-Calender (1775) p. 21.
personal data
SURNAME Moser, Friedrich Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Moser von Filseck, Friedrich Karl Freiherr; Moser, Friedrich Carl Freiherr
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician and political scientist
DATE OF BIRTH December 18, 1723
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1798
Place of death Ludwigsburg