Gardiner list

The Gardiner list , actually Gardiner sign list (English: Gardiner's Sign-list ) is a categorization of the most common medium Egyptian hieroglyphics in 26 sub-groups, the British Egyptologist Sir Alan Gardiner in his 1927 published grammar of the Egyptian language has made. There are 26 groups with 763 characters.

The 26 groups

A - The man and his activities

Group A consists of 56 hieroglyphs.

code	image	Sound value as ideogram and phonogram	Depicted object	use
A1		s	seated man	- as an ideogram for “man” - as a suffix for “I” ( j ) or “my” ( j ) (for men) - as a determinative of male roles and professions such as “courtier” ( smr ), “servant” ( b3k ) or "Schreiber" ( sš ) - as a determinative of men's names
A2			seated man with one hand on his mouth	as a determinative of activities that are carried out with the mouth or the head, such as B. “eat” ( wnm ), “drink” ( sw (r) j ), “speak” ( mdwj ), “think” ( k3j ), “feel” ( jb ), “report” ( smj ), “be silent "( Sgr ) and" love "( mrj )
A3			crouching man	as a determinative of "sitting" or "living" ( ḥmsj )
A4			seated man with arms raised	as a determinative z. B. of "worship" ( dw3 ) and "hide" ( sdgj )
A5			Man hiding behind a wall	as a determinative of "hide" ( jmn )
A6		wˁb	seated man with water jug ​​on his head	- as an ideogram u. a. for “being (cultically) pure” - also as a phonographic determinative
A7			crouching, exhausted man	as a determinative of “tired, weak (to be)” ( wrd ).
A8			crouching, cheering man	as a determinative of "jubilation" ( hnw )
A9			seated man with a basket on his head	as a determinative of "work" ( k3t ), "load" ( 3ṯp ) and "carry" ( f3j )
A10			seated man with an oar in hand	as a determinative of "rowing" ( sqdj )
A11			seated man with ˁb3 scepter (S42) and ˁwt scepter (S39)	as a determinative of "friend" ( ḫnms )
A12		mšˁ	Soldier with a bow, arrow and feather	- as an ideogram for "army, expedition" - as a determinative of "army, expedition" and "infantry, soldiers" ( mnfyt )
A13			bound man	as a determinative of "enemy, rebel" ( sbj )
A14			lying man who is bleeding from his head	as a determinative of "die" ( mwt ), "enemy" ( ḫftj , ḫrw )
A15		Mr	falling man	- as an ideogram u. a. for "to fall" - as a determinative of "to fall" and as an abbreviation for "enemy" ( ḫrw )
A16			bowing man	as a determinative of "bow down" ( ksj )
A17			sitting child with hand on mouth	as determinative u. a. from "child" ( ms, šrj )
A18			sitting child with the red crown and the hand to the mouth	as a determinative of "Crown Prince" ( jnpw )
A19		j3w , smsw , jk	stooped man leaning on a stick	- as an ideogram for "old man" ( j3w ) and "elder" ( smsw ) - as a determinative of "old" ( j3wj ), "frail" ( kḥkḥ ), "elder" ( smsw ), "great" ( wr ), "( To ) support" ( tw3 ) - as a phonogram: jk in jky , "Bergmann"
A20		smsw	bent man with fork stick	- as an ideogram for "elder" - as a determinative of "elder"
A21		sr	upright standing man with stick	- as an ideogram for "high official, dignitary" - as a determinative of "high official, dignitary" and "courtiers" ( snwt )
A22			Statue with stick and scepter on base	as determinative u. a. from "Statue" ( twt , ẖntj ) and "Fürst" ( jty )
A23			King with staff and club	as determinative of "monarch, ruler, prince" ( jty )
A24			beating man (two-handed)	as determinative u. a. from "to beat" ( ḥwj ), "drive away" ( dr ), "strong (to be)" ( nḫt ), "teach" ( sb3 )
A25			beating man (one-handed)	as a determinative of "to beat" ( ḥwj )
A26			Man with an outstretched arm	- as a determinative u. a. from "call" ( njs ) or "cheer" ( nhm ) - as an abbreviation for "servant" ( sḏm-ˁš )
A27			running man with outstretched arm	as a determinative of "messenger" ( inw )
A28			Man with arms raised on both sides of the head	as a determinative of "being high" ( q3j ), "being happy" ( ḥˁj ), "complaining" ( ḥ3j )
A29			upside down man	as a determinative of "turned upside down" ( sḫd )
A30			Man with arms raised in front of his face	as determinative u. a. of "worship" ( dw3 ), "praise" ( m3ṯ ), " request " ( tw3 )
A31			Man with arms raised, behind his head	as a determinative of "turn around" ( ˁn (n) )
A32			dancing man	as a determinative of "dancing" ( ḫbj ), "jubilation" ( hy ), "being happy" ( ḥˁj )
A33		mnjw	Man with a bundle over his shoulder	- as an ideogram for "shepherd" - as a determinative of "shepherd" ( mnjw ), "wandering around" ( rwj ), "stranger, nomad" ( šm3 )
A34			Man with a rammer	as a determinative of "stamping, building" ( ḫwsj )
A35		qd	Man building a wall	- as an ideogram for "bricklayer, potter" - as a determinative of "build" ( qd )
A36		ˁftj	brewer	- as an ideogram for "brewer" - as a determinative of "brewer"
A37
A38		Qjs	Man with necks of mythical animals	as an ideogram for Cusae
A39			Man on two giraffes
A40			seated deity	- as a determinative of Ptah ( Ptḥ ), Month ( Mnṯw ) - as a suffix: "(divine) I" ( j ), "my" ( j )
A41			seated king	- as a determinative of "king" ( nsw ), "majesty" ( ḥm ) - as a suffix: "(royal) I" ( j ), "my" ( j )
A42			seated king with whip ( flagellum ) (S45)	Like A41
A43		nsw	seated king with white crown (S1)	- as an ideogram for "King of Upper Egypt " - as a determinative of "King of Upper Egypt"
A44			seated king with white crown and scourge
A45		bjtj	seated king with red crown (S3)	- as an ideogram for "King of Lower Egypt " - as a determinative of "King of Lower Egypt"
A46			seated king with red crown and scourge
A47		mnjw	seated shepherd with stick	- as an ideogram for "shepherd" - as a determinative of "shepherd" and "guard" ( s3w )
A48		jrj	sitting man with stick or knife in hand	- as an ideogram in jrj-ḫt , "overseer" - as a determinative of "belonging to" ( jrj )
A49			Syrians with a stick	as a determinative for "foreigners, Asians" ( ˁ3mw )
A50		šps	seated dignitary	- as an ideogram for "sublime, glorious, elegant" - as a determinative of "courtier" ( smr ), "(elegant) I" ( jnk ), "me" ( wj ) - as a suffix: "I" ( j ), " mein "( j ) - as a phonogram in šps ," grave chapel "
A51			seated dignitary with scourge	Use like A50
A52			kneeling dignitary with scourge	as a determinative of "sublime, glorious, elegant" ( šps ), " mummy " ( sˁḥ )
A53			standing mummy	as a determinative of " mummy shell " ( wj ), "mummy" ( sˁḥ ), "statue" ( snn ), "form, shape, embodiment" ( ḫprw )
A54			lying mummy	as a determinative of "death" ( mnj ), "sarcophagus" ( nb-ˁnḫ , "lord of life")
A55			lying mummy on a bed	as a determinative of "lying, sleeping" ( sḏr ), "corpse" ( ẖ3t )
A59			Man threatening with a stick	as a determinative of "expel" ( sḥrj )

B - The woman and her activities

The Group B consists of only 7 hieroglyphics, all kneeling or seated women. The woman giving birth is also shown in a kneeling position. This allows conclusions to be drawn about the posture of childbirth in ancient Egypt.

code	image	Sound value as an ideogram	Depicted object	use
B1			sitting woman	- as a determinative of “woman” ( st ), “wife” ( ḥmt ), “goddess” ( nṯrt ), “daughter” ( s3t ), “widow” ( ẖ3rt ), “singer” ( šmˁyt ) - as a suffix: “ (female) me, my ", ( j )
B2			pregnant woman	as a determinant of "being pregnant , getting pregnant" ( jwr, bk3 )
B3		msj	Childbearing	- as an ideogram: msj , "give birth" - as a determinative of "give birth", "birth" ( mswt )
B4		msj
B5			breastfeeding woman	as a determinative of "suckle" ( mnˁ ), "wet nurse" ( mnˁt )
B6			sitting woman with child on her lap	as a determinative of "raise" ( rnn )
B7			Queen with diadem and flower	as a determinative of queen names

C - deities in human form

Group C consists of 16 hieroglyphs, almost all seated deities in profile, with their attributes or even with animal heads.

code	image	Sound value as an ideogram	Depicted object	use
C1		Rˁ	God with the sun disk (N5) and Uräus (N6)	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the sun god Re
C2		Rˁ	falcon-headed god with sun disk and signs of life (S34)
C3		Ḏḥtj	God with ibis head	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Thoth
C4		ẖnmw	God with a ram's head	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Khnum
C5		ẖnmw	God with ram's head and handle cross (S34)
C6		Jnpw , Wpj-w3wt	God with a jackal head	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Anubis and the god Upuaut
C7		Stẖ	God with Seth head ( similar to aardvark )	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Seth
C8		Mnw	ithyphallic god with feather crown and raised arm with scourge (S45)	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Min
C9		Ḥwt-Ḥr	horned goddess with sun disk	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the goddess Hathor
C10		M3ˀt	Goddess with a feather (H6) on her head	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the goddess Maat
C11		Ḥḥ	God with a palm fringe on his head and arms raised	- as a phonogram for "(infinitely) many, millions" - as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Heh
C12		Jmn	God with double feather crown (S9) and Uas scepter (S40)	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Amun
C17		Mnṯw	falcon-headed god with double feather crown	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the God Month
C18		T3-tnn	crouching god with composite crown	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Tatenen
C19		Ptḥ	mummy-shaped god with cap and Uas scepter	as a determinative and as an ideogram for the god Ptah
C20			mummy-shaped god with cap and Uas scepter in the shrine

D - parts of the human body

Group D is one of the most extensive categories with 65 hieroglyphs. This group contains hieroglyphs as diverse as the head, eye, Horus eye , parts of the eye, nose, mouth, arms, hand, etc.

code	image	Sound value as ideogram and phonogram	Depicted object	use
D1		tp	head	- as an ideogram for "head" - as a determinative of "head" ( tp, ḏ3ḏ3 ), "back of the head, behind" ( ḥ3 ), "neglect" ( mkḥ3 ), "forehead" ( dhnt ), "appoint" ( dhn )
D2		Mr	face	- as an ideogram for "face" - as a phonogram for "face", "on", "superior", "way" ( ḥrt )
D3			Lock of hair	as a determinative of "hair" ( šnj ), "skin" ( jnm ), "character, appearance" ( jwn ), "mourn" ( j3kb ), "empty, bald" ( wš )
D4		jrt , jrj	eye	- as an ideogram for jrt , "eye" and jrj , "do, do" - as a determinative of "look, see" ( dgj ), "wake up" ( rs ), "be blind" ( šp )
D5			Eye with make-up lines	as a determinative of "look, see", "be blind"
D6			Eye with made-up upper eyelid
D7			Eye with eyeliner	as a determinative of "eyeshadow" ( msdmt ), "make-up" ( sdm ), "graceful, beautiful" ( ˁn )
D8			Eye, included in the sign for "Land" (N18)	as a determinative of "graceful, beautiful" ( ˁn ) and Ainu ( ˁjnw )
D9		rmj	watery eye	- as an ideogram for rmj , "(be) weeping" - as a determinative of "(be) weeping", "tear" ( rmyt ), "sadness" ( s3mt )
D10		wḏ3t	Eye of horus / so-called Udjat eye
D11			the white in the udjat eye (left)	as an abbreviation for 1/2 Heqat
D12			Udjat eye pupil	- as an abbreviation for 1/4 Heqat - as a determinative of "pupil" ( b33 )
D13			Udjat eye eyebrow	as an abbreviation for 1/8 Heqat; When done twice (two eyebrows on top of each other), as a determinative of "eyebrow" ( jnḥ )
D14			the white of the Udjat eye (right)	as an abbreviation for 1/16 Heqat
D15			Diagonal stroke of the Udjat eye	as an abbreviation for 1/32 Heqat
D16			Vertical line of the Udjat eye	as an abbreviation for 1/64 Heqat
D17		tjt	Vertical and diagonal lines of the Udjat eye	as a determinative and as an ideogram for "characters, images"
D18		msḏr	ear	as a determinative and as an ideogram for "ear"
D19		fnḏ	Nose, eye and cheek	- as an ideogram for "nose" - as a determinative of "nose", "smell" ( sn ), "be happy" ( ršw ), "face, front, vestibule" ( ḫnt ), "be mild" ( sfn ), " to resist, to disobey "( bṯn )
D20			Nose, eye and forehead	Use like D19
D21		r3	mouth	- as an ideogram for "mouth, saying, language"; Also as an ideogram for 1/320 Heqat or, above a number, for a fraction - as a phonogram: r
D22		r3wj	Mouth with two vertical lines	as a phonogram for "two thirds"
D23		ḫmt-r3w	Mouth with three vertical lines	as a phonogram for "three quarters"
D24		late	Upper lip with teeth	- as an ideogram for "Lippe, Ufer" - as a determinative of "Lippe, Ufer"
D25		sptj	Upper and lower lip with teeth	- as an ideogram for "(both) lips" - as a determinative of "(both) lips"
D26			Mouth with liquid flowing out	as a determinative of "spit, spit, vomit" ( bšj, psg ), "blood" ( snf )
D27		mnḏ	female breast	- as an ideogram for "breast" - as a determinative of "breast", "suckle" ( šdj ), "educator" ( mnˁj )
D27A			bigger chest
D28		k3	two outspread arms	- as an ideogram for " Ka " (life force) - often also as a phonogram
D29		like D28	two outstretched arms on a standard (R12)
D30			arms spread sideways with ribbon	as a determinative of Nḥb-k3w (judge of the dead)
D31			embracing arms (D32) over laundry club (U36)	as a determinative of "priest of the dead" ( ḥm-k3 )
D32			embracing arms	as a determinative of "(in your arms) close, hug" ( ḥpt ), "embrace" ( inq ), "open" ( pg3 )
D33		ẖn	arms rowing	as a phonogram, e.g. B. in ẖnj , "rowing"
D34		ˁḥ3	Arms holding shield and club	as a phonogram, e.g. B. in ˁḥ3 , "fight", ˁḥ3w , "weapons"
D34A
D35		n (n) , jwtj	arms spread horizontally	- as an ideogram for n (n) , “not”; jwtj , "who / that is / has not" - as a determinative of "not knowing" ( ḫmj ), "forgetting" ( smḫ ), "shrine, sanctuary" ( ḫm )
D36		ˁ	forearm	- as an ideogram for “poor, action, condition” - as a phonogram: ˁ . From the Old Kingdom to at least the end of the Middle Kingdom , this symbol was also used to represent d (j) .
D37		jmj , rdj	Forearm with pointed bread	- as an ideogram for jmj , "give!" And rdj , "give" - as a phonogram: m and mj
D38			Forearm with round bread	- as a phonogram: m - as a determinative of "Gib!" ( Jmj )
D39			Forearm with vessel	as a determinative of "give" ( ḥnk )
D40		nḫt	Forearm with stick	- as an ideogram for "strength, victory" - as a determinative of "strength, victory", "strong (to be)" ( wsr ), "scare" ( nrj ) and as an abbreviation for "examine" ( ḫ3j )
D41			Forearm with palm down and upper arm bent	as a determinative of “arm” ( gb3 ), “shoulder” ( rmn ), “left side” ( j3bj ), “sing” ( ḥsj ); Also for actions with the arm, e.g. B. "bend, bend" ( hnn ), "clap" ( m3ḥ )
D42		mḥ	Forearm palm down	- as an ideogram for "Elle" - as a determinative of "Elle"
D43		ḫwj	Forearm (D36) with flagellum (S45)	- as an ideogram for "(be) protect" - as a determinative of "(be) protect"
D44			Arm with ˁb3 scepter (S42)	as a determinative of "lead" ( ḫrp )
D45		ḏsr	Arm with so-called lotus bud scepter	- as an ideogram for "holy, sublime" - as a determinative of "holy, sublime"
D46		ḏrt	hand	- as ideogram for "hand" - as phonogram, the character is to play back d used
D46 *		jdt	Hand with protruding liquid	as an ideogram for "fragrance"
D47			Hand with palm up	as a determinative of "hand" ( ḏrt )
D48		šsp	Hand without thumb	as an ideogram for "hand width"
D49			fist	as a determinative of "fist, grasp" ( 3mm )
D50		ḏbˁ	vertical finger	- as an ideogram for "finger" - as a determinative of "finger" and as an abbreviation for "10,000" or "finger width"
D51		ˁnt	horizontal finger	- as an ideogram for "fingernail" - as a determinative of "fingernail" and activities with the fingers, e.g. B. "measure" ( ḫ3j ), "grasp" ( ṯ3j ), "scratch" ( nqˁ )
D52			phallus	- as a determinative of “man” ( ṯ3y ), “donkey” ( ˁ3 ) and “bull” ( k3 ) - as a phonogram: mt
D53		b3ḥ	Phallus with leaking fluid	- as an ideogram: b3ḥ in m-b3ḥ , "before, in the presence of" - as a determinative of "phallus" ( ḥnn ), "sperm" ( mtwt ), "urinate" ( wsš ), "husband" ( hj )
D54		jwj , nmtt	legs turned forward	- as an ideogram for jwj , "go, come" and nmtt , "walk, procession" - as a determinative of "stop, linger" ( 3bj ), "go" ( šm ), "approach" ( tkn ), "enter" ( ˁq )
D55			legs turned backwards	as a determinative of "retreat" ( ḫtḫt ), "turn around" ( ˁnn )
D56		approx	leg	- as an ideogram for "foot (with lower leg)" - as a determinative of "foot", "leg" ( word ), "thigh" ( mnt )
D57			bent leg behind a knife (T30)	as a determinative of "injured, mutilated" ( j3ṯ ), "injured, damaged" ( nkn )
D58		bw	foot	- as ideogram for "place place" - as Phonogram this character is to reproduce b used
D59		ˁb	Leg behind a forearm (D36)	as a phonogram, e.g. B. in ˁbˁ , "brag"
D60		wˁb	Water jug ​​on one leg	- as an ideogram for "being (cultically) pure" - as a determinative of "being (cultically) pure"
D61		s3ḥ	Toes	- as an ideogram for "toe" - as a phonographic determinative, e.g. B. in "reach" ( s3ḥ ) and "neighbors" ( s3ḥw )
D62
D63

E - mammals

This category includes 35 hieroglyphs, including hieroglyphs for the cattle, horse, hippopotamus, monkey, giraffe, rabbit, jackal, elephant, etc.

code	image	Sound value as ideogram and phonogram	Depicted object	use
E1		k3	bull	- as an ideogram for "bull" - as a determinative of "bull", "cattle" ( jw3 ), "herd" ( mnmnt )
E2			Bull in attack position	as the epithet of the king: k3-nḫt , "strong bull"
E3			calf	as a determinative of "calf" ( bḥs )
E4		Ḥs3t	Hesat cow	- as an ideogram for "(holy) Hesat cow" - as a determinative of "(holy) Hesat cow"
E5			lactating cow	as a determinative of "be happy, show interest" ( 3ms )
E6		ssmt	horse	- as an ideogram for "horse" - as a determinative of "horse" and "stallion '" ( jbr )
E7			ass	as a determinative of "donkey" ( ˁ3 )
E8			fawn	- as a determinative of "Kitz, Kleinvieh" ( jb , ˁwt ) - as a phonographic determinative: jb , z. B. in "wish, be thirsty" ( jbj )
E8 *			jumping fawn
E9		jw	young hartebeest ( Alcelaphus buselaphus )	as a phonogram
E10			Widder ( Ovis longipes palaeoaegypticus )	as determinative of "rams" ( b3 , sr ), "sheep" ( srt ), Chnum (ẖnmw) and Ba -Seele
E11			Aries
E12			Pig ( Sus scrofa )	as a determinative of "pig, piglet" ( rrj )
E13			Black cat	as a determinative of "cat" ( mjw ) and Bastet .
E14			Greyhound	as a determinative of "dog" ( jwjw ) or " Sloughi greyhound" ( ṯsm )
E15		Jnpw , ḥrj-sšt3	lying canoe	- as an ideogram for " Anubis " ( Jnpw ) and "privy councilor" ("keeper of the secret") ( ḥrj-sšt3 ) - as a determinative of "Anubis" and "heir to the throne" ( jnpw )
E16		like E15	canide lying on a shrine	as a determinative of "Anubis"
E17		s3b	jackal	- as an ideogram for "jackal" and "dignitary" - as a determinative of "jackal" and "dignitary"
E18		Wpj-w3wt	Jackal on a standard with uraeus	- as an ideogram for " Upuaut " - as a determinative of Upuaut
E19
E20		Stẖ , Stš , Swtj	seated Seth animal	- as an ideogram for Seth - as a determinative of “turmoil, illegality” ( sh3 ), “disturb, be cheeky” ( ẖnn ), “anger, storms” ( nšnj ).
E21			lying Seth animal	Like E20.
E22		m3j	lion	- as an ideogram for "lion" - as a determinative of "lion"
E23		rw	lying lion	- as an ideogram for "lion" - as a determinative for "lion" - as a phonogram, e.g. B. in jtrw , "Strom, Fluss, Nile"
E24		3by	leopard	- as an ideogram for "leopard" - as a determinative for "leopard"
E25			hippopotamus	as a determinative of "hippopotamus" ( db )
E26		3bw	elephant	- as a determinative of "elephant" ( 3bw ) - as a phonographic determinative, e.g. B. in Elephantine
E27			giraffe	as a determinative of "giraffe" ( mmj ) and "predict" ( sr )
E28			Oryx antelope / saber antelope	as a determinative of "oryx / saber antelope" ( m3-ḥḏ )
E29			Dorcas Gazelle	as a determinative of "Dorkas gazelle" ( gḥs )
E30			Nubian ibex	as a determinative of "Capricorn" ( nj3w )
E31		sˁḥ	Goat with collar and seal	- as an ideogram for "dignity" - as a determinative of "dignity"
E32			Hamadryas baboon ( Camopithecus hamadryas )	as a determinative of "baboon" ( jˁn ), "monkey" ( ky ) and " getting angry" ( qnd )
E33			green monkey ( Cercopithecus aethiops )	as a determinative of "green monkey " ( gjf, gwf )
E34		sẖˁt , wn	Hare	- as an ideogram for "rabbit" ( sẖˁt ) - as a phonogram: wn , z. B. in wnwt , "hour" and, in connection with O20, in "Wenet-Heiligtum"

F - parts of mammals

This group includes 56 hieroglyphs. In many cases, beef was used because it was familiar and because, for example, its ears could be represented better than those of humans. This group includes hieroglyphs for the head of a cow, leg, ear, cow skin, horn, animal tongue, heart with trachea, lion head, front part of a lion, rear part of a lion, etc.

code	image	Sound value as ideogram and phonogram	Depicted object	use
F1			Beef head	- as a determinative of "slaughter cattle " ( šsr ) - as an abbreviation for "cattle" (in the lists of victims) ( jḥ, k3 )
F2			Head of the bull in attack position	as a determinative of "anger, be angry" ( ḏnd )
F3		3t	Head of the hippopotamus	as a phonographic determinative, e.g. B. in 3t , "time, moment"
F4		ḥ3t	Front part of the lion	- as a phonogram for "front, forehead" - as an abbreviation in ḥ3tj-ˁ , "Gaufürst, Graf, Mayor"
F5		šs3, sš3	Red hartebeest head	- as an ideogram for " hartebeest " - as a phonographic determinative, e.g. B. in sš3 , "experienced, knowledgeable (to be)"
F6		like F5	Front part of the hartebeest	Like F5
F7			Ram's head	as a determinative of "dignity" ( šfyt )
F8			Front part of the ram
F9			Leopard head	as a determinative and as an abbreviation for "power, strength" ( pḥtj )
F10			Head and neck of a cow	as a determinative of “throat, neck” ( ḫḫ ) and related actions, e.g. B. "drink, swallow" ( ˁm )
F11
F12		wsr	Head and neck of a canoe	as a phonogram, e.g. B. in wsrt , "power, strength"
F13		wpt , wp	Horns of a cow	- as an ideogram for "horns, crowns" ( wpt ) - as a phonogram: wp , z. B. in wpj , "separate, divide", wpwtj , "messenger"
F14			Horns of a cattle with palm panicle (M4)	as an abbreviation for "New Year, New Year Festival" ( wpt-rnpt )
F15			Horns of a cattle with palm panicle and sun disk (N5); Use like F14
F16		ˁb	horn	- as an ideogram for "horn" - as a determinative of "horn" - as a phonographic determinative in ˁb , "horn"
F17		ˁbw	Horn with a jug from which water flows	- as an ideogram for "(cultic) cleansing, (cultic) being pure" - as a determinative of "(cultic) cleansing, (cultic) being pure" ( ˁbw )
F18		jbḥ	Tusk	- as an ideogram for “tooth”, “tusk” - as a determinative of “tooth” and actions with the teeth, e.g. B. "bite" ( psḥ )
F19		ˁrt	Lower jaw of a cattle	- as an ideogram for "lower jaw" - as a determinative of "lower jaw"
F20		ns	Beef tongue	- as an ideogram for "tongue" - as a determinative of "taste, taste" ( dp ) and as an abbreviation for jmj-r3 , "head"
F21		msḏr	Beef ear	- as an ideogram for "ear" ( msḏr ) and "leaf (of a tree)" ( ḏrḏ ) - as a determinative of "hear, obey" ( sḏm )
F22		pḥwj , ph	Rump of a lion	- as an ideogram for “rear part, end” ( pḥwj ) - as a phonogram: pḥ , z. B. in pḥ , "reach, get to the goal" and pḥtj , "strength, power"
F23		ḫpš	Beef thighs	- as an ideogram for "fore leg (of an animal)" - as a determinative of "Great Bear (constellation)" ( msḫtjw ) - as a phonographic determinative in ḫpš , "(strong) arm", "strength (in battle)"
F24
F25		wḥmt , wḥm	Cattle foot	- as an ideogram for "hoof" ( wḥmt ) - as a phonogram: wḥm , "repeat"
F26		ẖnt , ẖn	Goat skin	- as an ideogram for "animal fur" ( ẖnt ) - as a phonogram: ẖn in mẖnt , "ferry", m-ẖnw , "inside" and ẖn , "approaching"
F27			Cowhide	as a determinative of “skin, leather” ( dḥr ) and mammals, e.g. B. "Mouse" ( pnw ) and "Wolf Jackal " ( wnš )
F28		3b	Cowhide	as a phonogram, e.g. B. in 3bḏw , Abydos ; Also as an abbreviation for s3b , "piebald, colorful"
F29		st	Cow skin pierced by an arrow	- as a phonogram in stjw , "Nubier" and Sṯt , " Satet " - as a determinative of "shoot" ( stj )
F30		wšd , šd	Water hose	as a phonogram in wšd , "question" and in šdj , "take", "save", "read"
F31		mst , ms	three fennel heads tied together	- as an ideogram for “apron made of furs” ( mst ) - as a phonogram: ms , z. B. in msj , "give birth, generate" and in ms , "child"
F32		ẖt , ẖ	Udder and tail	- as an ideogram for “body, stomach” ( ẖt ) -as a phonogram: ẖ , z. B. in ẖrd , "child"
F33			tail	as a determinative of "tail" ( sd , sḏ )
F34		jb , ḥ3tj	heart	as an ideogram for "heart" - as a determinative of "heart"
F35			Heart with windpipe	as a phonogram: nfr , "good, beautiful, perfect (to be)"
F36		sm3	Lungs and trachea	- as an ideogram for "lungs" - as a phonogram u. a. in sm3 , "unite" and in sm3 t3wj , "unite the two countries"
F37		j3t , psd	Backbone with ribs	- as an ideogram for "back" - as a determinative of "back"
F38
F39		jm3ḫ	Spine with a unilateral nerve cord	- as an ideogram for "spinal cord (of the cattle)" - as a phonogram and as an abbreviation for jm3ḫ , "to be cared for (for the afterlife)", "the cared for, the blessed"
F40		3w	Spine with a bilateral nerve cord	as a phonogram, etc. a. in 3wt jb , "joy" and 3wt , "offering"
F41			whirl	as a determinative of "back" ( psḏ ) and "slaughter" ( šˁt )
F42		speak	rib	- as an ideogram for "rib" - as a phonogram in spr , "reach" and spr , "ask, plead"
F43			Rib piece	as a determinative of "Rippenstück" ( late )
F44		jwˁ	Leg bones with meat	- as a determinative of "leg" ( jsw ) - as a phonogram, e.g. B. in jwˁ , "inherit, inherit, succeeding", jwˁw , "the heir", jwˁt , "inheritance"
F45		jdt	uterus	as ideogram for "uterus" and "cow"
F46		q3b , pẖr	guts	- as ideogram for "guts" ( q3b ) - as phonogram: pẖr , "to go around"
F47
F48
F49
F50			Combination of F46 and S29	as an abbreviation for spẖr , "copy"
F51			Piece of meat	as a determinative of "meat" ( hˁw ), " limb " ( ˁt ) and "neck, neck" ( nḥbt )
F52			excrement	as a determinative of "excrement (e)" ( ḥs ) and "bastard, washcloth" ( mḥsḥs )

G - birds

This group is one of the largest with 57 hieroglyphs. It includes birds such as the ibis , vulture, owl, heron, cormorant, duck, quail chick, and others.

code	image	Sound value as ideogram and phonogram	Depicted object	use
G1		3	Egyptian vulture ( Neophron percnopterus )	as a phonogram
G2		33	two Egyptian vultures side by side	as a phonogram, e.g. B. in m33 , "see"
G3		m3	Egyptian vulture and sickle (U1)	as a phonogram, e.g. B. in sm3j , "renew"
G4		tjw	Buzzard ( buteo rufinus )	as phonogram u. a. in jmntjw , "the western" (i.e. the deceased)
G5		Mr	Falcon ( falco peregrinus )	as an ideogram for " Horus "
G6			Falcon with scourge (S45)	as a determinative of falcon ( bjk )
G7			Falcon on a standard (R12)	as a determinative of gods and king names; also as a suffix for "(royal or divine) I" ( j ) and "my" ( j )
G7 *		Nmtj	Falcon in a boat	as an ideogram for Nemti (god of the 12th Upper Egyptian Gaus)
G7 **
G8		Ḥr-nbw	Falcon on the hieroglyph for gold (S12)	as an ideogram for "Goldhorus" (one of the five king names)
G9		Rˁ-Ḥr-3ḫtj	Falcon with sun disk (N5)	as an ideogram for " Re-Harachte "
G10			Falcon on the solar boat / Sokar boat	as a determinative of Sokar ( Skr ) and the Henu barque ( ḥnw ) of Sokar
G11			archaic falcon image	as determinative of " idol , Achom " ( ˁẖm ) and "breast" ( šnbt )
G12			Falcon image with scourge (S45)
G13			Falcon image with double feather crown (S9)	as determinative of "Horus von Hierakonpolis " ( Ḥr nḫny ) and Sopdu ( Spdw )
G14		nrt , mwt	Griffon Vulture ( Gyps fulvus )	- as ideogram for "griffon vulture" ( nrt ) - as phonogram: mwt , "mother"
G15		VAT	Griffon vulture with scourge	as an ideogram for the goddess courage
G16		nbtj	Griffon vulture and upright cobra on 2 baskets (combination of G14, I12 and V30)	as an ideogram for " the two mistresses " (one of the five royal names)
G17		m	Barn Owl ( Tyto alba )	as a phonogram
G18		mm	two owls side by side	as a phonogram in mmj , "giraffe"
G19		mj	Owl and forearm with pointed bread (D37)	as a phonogram for "take!"
G20		Owl and forearm (D36)	Use like G19
G21		nḥ	Helmet guinea fowl ( Numida meleagris )	as an ideogram for "helmet guinea fowl" as a phonogram in nḥj , "begging, praying" and in nḥḥ , "eternity"
G22		ḏb	Hoopoe ( Upupa epops )	as a phonogram in ḏbt , "brick"
G23		rḫjt	Lapwing ( Vanellus vanellus )	as a phonogram for the lower Egyptian people of the Rechit
G24			Lapwing with broken wings	Use like G23
G25		3ḫ	Crested ibis or Waldrapp ( Geronticus eremita )	as an ideogram for " Oh (spirit)" and "blessed, transfigured (to be)"
G26			Holy Ibis on a standard (R12)	as a determinative of "Ibis" ( hbj ) and Thot ( Ḏḥwtj )
G26 *			standing ibis	Use like G26
G27		dšr	Flamingo ( Phoenicopterus roseus )	as a phonogram in dšr , "red", dšrt , "red crown", dšrt , "desert, foreign country"
G28		gm	Brown ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus )	as phonogram u. a. in gmj , "find", gmḥ , "behold, look", gmgm , "examine"
G29		b3	Saddle Stork ( Ba- Bird) ( Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis )	- as an ideogram for "Ba soul", "reputation, power" ( b3 ) - as a phonogram, etc. a. in b3k , "servant", ḫb3 , "destroy"
G30		b3w	three saddle storks	as ideogram for "the souls (of the deceased, of the gods)" and "respect, power"
G31			Benu / Phoenix / Purple Heron ( Ardea purpurea )	as a determinative of "Phoenix" ( bnw ) and "purple heron " ( šntj )
G32			Purple heron on a rack	as a determinative of "being flooded" ( bˁḥj ) and "flooding" ( bˁḥw )
G33			Heron ( Bubulcus ibis )	as determinative of "heron" ( sd3 ) and phonographic determinative for sd3 , "tremble"
G34			Ostrich ( Struthio camelus )	as a determinative of "Strauss" ( njw )
G35		ˁq	Great cormorant ( Phalacrocorax carbo )	as phonogram u. a. in ˁq , "to enter" and in ˁqw , "friends, confidants"
G36		wr	Swallow ( Hirundidae spec. )	- as a determinative of "swallow" ( mnt ) - as a phonogram u. a. in wr , "large", "elegant", wrrt , "crown", jwr , "pregnant"
G37			Sparrow ( Passer domesticus aegyptiacus )	as a determinative of "small" ( nḏs ), "bad" ( bjn ), "injustice, sin" ( jw ), "empty, missing" ( šw ), "disease" ( mr )
G38		gb	White-fronted Goose ( Anser albifrons )	- as a determinative for "bird" ( 3pd ), " white-fronted goose " ( ṯrp ), "dove" ( grpt ), " goldenamsel " ( gnw ), " gray crane " ( ḏ3t ), "discuss" ( wf3 ) and "be lazy, hesitate ”( wsf ) - as a phonogram, e.g. B. in Gbb , " Geb "
G39		s3	Pintail ( anas acuta )	- as a determinative of "pintail" ( st ) - as a phonogram, e.g. B. in s3 , "son" and s3t , "daughter"
G40		p3	flying pintail	- as a determinative of "to fly" ( p3 ) - as a phonogram in p3 , "this" and in p3t , "primeval times"
G41			landing pintail	as determinative u. a. of "flying" ( ˁẖj ), "landing" ( ḫnj ) and "resting place" ( ḫnw )
G42			Wigeon ( Anas penelope )	as a determinative of " wigeon " ( wš3t ) and "food" ( ḏf3 )
G43		w	Quail chicks ( Coturnix coturnix )	as a phonogram
G44		ww	two quail chicks	as a phonogram
G45		wˁ	Quail chick and forearm (D36)	as a phonogram in wˁw , "soldier" and wˁwˁ , "slaughter"
G46		m3w	Quail chick and sickle (U1)	as a phonogram e.g. B. in m m3wt , "new, as something new"
G47		ṯ3	Nestling	- as an ideogram for "chick" - as a phonogram, e.g. B. in ṯ3tj , "vizier" and ṯ3j , "seize"
G48			three chicks in a nest	as determinative u. a. from "(swamp) nest" ( sš )
G49			three chicks in the pond
G50		rḫtj	two plovers (?)	as a phonogram for "washer"
G51			bird pecking for fish	as a determinative of "catching fish" ( ḥ3m )
G52			pecking goose	as a determinative of "feed" ( snm )
G53		b3	Bird with a human head and a censer (R7)	as an ideogram for "Ba soul"
G54		snḏ	killed goose	- as a determinative of "(the bird) turning the neck" ( wšn ) - as a phonogram (also phonetic determinative) in "fear"

H - parts of birds

Only 9 hieroglyphs belong to this group, including the symbols for wing, egg, claw, feather, wing and bird head.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
H1			Pintail head (G39)	Determinative for "(the bird) turning the neck" (wšn) and abbreviation for "bird, poultry (in victim lists)" (3pd) .
H2		m3ˁ , p (3) q	Heron head	Phonographic determinative in “temple” ( m3ˁ ); as a phonogram in "fine linen" ( p (3) qt ).
H3		as a phonogram: p (3) q) , "pastry"	Head of a spoonbill ( Platalea leucorodia )	Also as a phonogram in "fine linen" ( p (3) qt ).
H4		No	Griffon vulture's head	Phonographic determinative in “scare” ( nrj ), “horror, fear” ( nrw ); also as an abbreviation for "people" ( rmṯ ).
H5			wing	Determinative for “wings” (ḏnḥ) and “to fly (open) ” (p3j) .
H6		as ideogram: šwt , "spring"	feather	As a phonogram: šw , “to be empty”, “not to have”.
H6 *			Feather (with two side strokes)	Use like H6.
H7			Bird claw	Determinative for "bird's claw " ( j3ft ).
H8		as ideogram: s3 , "son"	egg	Also determinative for "Ei" (swḥt) and " Isis ", 3st .

I - amphibians and reptiles

The 16 hieroglyphs show amphibians or reptiles, such as the horned viper , cobra, gecko, frog, tadpole, turtle and crocodile.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
I1		as a phonogram: ˁš3 , "a lot, numerous"	Wall gecko ( Tarentola mauritanica )	Also determinative for “lizard” ( ḥnt3sw ) and “gecko” ( ˁš3 ).
I2		as ideogram: štw , "turtle"	turtle	Also determinative for "turtle".
I3		as ideogram: msḥ or ḫntj , "crocodile" and Sbk , Sobek	Crocodile ( crocodylus niloticus )	Also determinative for “crocodile”, “to be greedy” ( ḥntj ), “to be aggressive” ( 3d ); with two crocodiles on top of each other, phonogram for jty , “monarch”.
I4		Sbk	Crocodile on a shrine	Ideogram for the god Sobek.
I5			Crocodile with a curved tail	Determinative for “collect” ( s3q ).
I5 *			Mummified crocodile or crocodile image	Use like I4.
I6			Crocodile skin	As a phonogram: km , e.g. B. “being black” ( km ) and “the black (country)” ( Egypt ) ( Kmt ).
I7			frog	Determinative for "frog" ( qrr ) and the frog goddess Heket ( Ḥqt ); Abbreviation for “live again, live again” ( wḥm-ˁnḫ ).
I8			tadpole	Abbreviation for "100 000" ( ḥfn ).
I9		f	Horned viper ( Cerastes cerastes )	This one-consonant character is used to represent f . Also determinative for "father" ( jt ).
I10		as ideogram: ḏt , "cobra"	Cobra ( Well spec. )	This one-consonant character is also used to represent ḏ .
I11		as a phonogram: ḏḏ	two cobras
I12			upright cobra ( uraeus snake )	Determinative for " uraeus " ( JRT ) and the goddesses Nesret ( NSRT ) and Wadjet ( W3ḏt ).
I13			upright cobra on a basket (V30)	Determinative for the goddess Wadjet.
I14			Snake	Determinative for "Schlange" ( ḥf3w ) and "(Band) wurm" ( pnd ).
I15			Snake

K - fish and parts of fish

Only 7 hieroglyphs belong to Category K, which refers to fish. In this group are hieroglyphs for fish, for their scales and for the mussel.

code	image	Sound value as ideogram and phonogram	Depicted object	use
K1		jn	Nile cichlid ( Oreochromis niloticus )	- as a phonogram in jnt , "Nilbuntbarsch" - as a determinative of "Nilbuntbarsch" ( jnt ) and "mullet" ( ˁḏw )
K2		bw	Nile barbel ( Barbus bynni )	as a phonographic determinative in bwj , "abhor" and bwt , "abhorrence"
K3			Mullet ( Mugil cephalus )	as a determinative of "mullet" ( ˁḏw )
K4		ẖ3t , ẖ3	Nasennilhecht ( Mormyrus kannume )	- as an ideogram for “Nilhecht” ( ẖ3t ) - as a phonogram: ẖ3 , z. B. in ẖ3t , "corpse" and ẖ3rt , "widow"
K5		bs	Marble Bream ( Lithognathus mormyrus )	- as a determinative u. a. from "fish" ( rm ) - as a phonogram in "introduce, initiate" and "appearance, aspect"
K6		nšmt	Fish scale	- as an ideogram for "fish scale" - as a determinative of "fish scale"
K7			Nile puffer fish ( Tetraodon lineatus )	as a determinative of "angry" ( špt ) and of "Nile puffer fish" ( špt )

L - invertebrates and other animals

The characters for the scarab , fly, grasshopper and millipede belong to this small group with only 7 hieroglyphs .

code	image	Sound value as ideogram and phonogram	Depicted object	use
L1		ḫprr , ḫpr	Holy Pill Twist ( Scarabaeus sacer )	- as an ideogram for “scarab”, “Chepri” ( ḫprr ) (manifestation of the sun god) - as a phonogram: ḫpr , z. B. in ḫpr , "become, arise", ḫprw , "essence, shape, appearance", ḫprš , so-called "blue crown"
L2		bjt , bjtj	Bee ( Apis mellifica )	- as an ideogram for "bee", "honey" ( bjt ) - as a phonogram in bjtj , "King of Lower Egypt" This character can be found very often on inscriptions because, as a symbol for Lower Egypt, together with the rush (M23), the symbol for Upper Egypt , it underlines the rule of the Pharaoh over Lower and Upper Egypt.
L3			Fly ( musca )	as a determinative of "fly" ( ˁff )
L4			Grasshopper ( Schistocerca spec. )	as a determinative of "grasshopper" ( snḥm )
L5			Scolopender ( Scolopendra morsitans )	as a determinative of "millipede" ( sp3 )
L6		ḫ3	Mussel ( bivalvia )	as a phonogram in ḫ3 (w) t , “sacrificial table”. In its original form, possibly an ideogram for an area of ​​the Red Sea ("seashell-containing waters").
L7		Srqt	Scorpion without a prickly tail ( Scorpiones spec. )	as ideogram for "(the goddess) Selket "

M - trees and other plants

In the group of plants comprising 44 hieroglyphs, there are symbols for the rush, the grass, the papyrus , the date, the lotus blossom and the reed.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
M1			tree	Determinative u. a. for "tree, sycamore" ( nht ) and for "Christ thorn" ( nbs ). As a phonogram: jm3 , e.g. B. in jm3t ( j3mt ), "Kindness, kindness".
M2		as an ideogram:	Plant stem	Determinative u. a. for "flower" ( ḥrrt ). As a phonogram: ḥn , z. B. ḥnw , "vessel". As a phonographic determinative: js z. B. in js , "mastaba, grave" and in jswt , "old, old custom".
M3		as ideogram: ḫt , "wood"	branch	As a phonogram: ḫt , z. B. in nḫt , "strong, victorious", nḫtw , "fortress", ḫtḫt , " draw back".
M4		as ideogram: rnpt , "year"	Palmrispe	As a phonographic determinative: rnp , e.g. B. in rnpj , "to be young" and rnp , "young man".
M5		as ideogram: tr , "(certain) time"	Palm panicle on loaf (X1)
M6		Use like M5	Palm leaf on mouth (D21)
M7		as an ideogram: rnpj , "to be young"	Palm panicle on cube stool (Q3)
M8		as ideogram: 3ḫt , "Achet season" and š3 , "swampland"	Pond with lotus flowers	As a phonogram: š3 , e.g. B. in š3 , “determine (fate)”.
M9		as ideogram: sšn , "lotus"	Lotus flower	Also as a determinative for "lotus".
M10			Lotus bud	Determinative for "lotus bud" ( nḥbt )
M11		as ideogram: wdn , "sacrifice, offer"	Flower on a spiral rod	Also determinative for “sacrifice”.
M12			Lotus plant	Abbreviation for "1,000" ( ḫ3 ); as a phonogram: ḫ3 , e.g. B. in sḫ3 , "to remember" and mḫ3t , "Libra".
M13		as ideogram: w3ḏ , "papyrus", "papyrus column"	Papyrus stem	As a phonogram: w3ḏ or wḏ , e.g. B. in w3ḏt , “ Säulenhalle ” and swḏ , “transfer”.
M14			Papyrus stem and cobra (I10)	Use like M13.
M15			Tuft of papyrus with two drooping buds	Determinative for “Lower Egypt” ( T3-mḥw ), “swamp” ( jdḥw ); as a phonogram: w3ḫ , " Säulenhalle "
M16		as ideogram: T3-mḥw , "Lower Egypt"	Tufts of papyrus	Also determinative for "Lower Egypt". As a phonogram: ḥ3 , e.g. B. in ḥ3q , “plunder, conquer”.
M17			Panicle of the reed	As a phonogram: j , z. B. in jm , "there", Jmn , " Amun ", jrp , "wine", bjn , "bad", mnj , "land, die". As a suffix: "I", "my".
M18			Reed on legs in step position (D54)	As a phonogram: yy , z. B. in yy , "come"
M19		ˀ3bt	Reeds connected with a laundry club (combination of M17 + U36 with connection)	Determinative and ideogram for victims .
M20		sm	Reeds in the swamp	Ideogram for country , corridor .
M21		sm	Reeds in the swamp, with noose	Determinative and ideogram for herb and plant .
M22		nḫb	Bulrush
M23		sw	Su plant
M24		rs (w)	Su plant (Combination of M23 + D21)
M25			Sourgrass on a mouth (D21)
M26		šmˁ	Sourgrass
M27		šmˁ	Sourgrass behind a forearm (Combination of M26 + D36)	Ideogram for Upper Egypt .
M28		mḏ (w Šmˁ) , wr-mḏw Šmˁ	Sourgrass on a cattle shackle (combination of M26 + V20)	Abbreviation for tens of Upper Egypt ; title
M29		nḏm	Pod with sweet fruits	Determinative for carob .
M30		bnr	root	Determinative and ideogram for sweet and ideogram for date .
M31		approx	Lotus rhizome	Determinative for grow .
M32
M33		jt	Cereal grains	Determinative and ideogram for barley , grain and grain .
M34		bdt, btj	Emmer ear	Determinative and ideogram for Emmer .
M35		ˁḥˁw	Pile of grain	Determinative for heaps .
M36		ḏr	Bundle of flax
M37
M38		mḥˁ dm3	Bundle of flax	Determinative of flax and tie together .
M39		rnpt	Basket with fruits	Determinative for plant sacrifice .
M40		js	Reed bundles	Ideogram for pipe .
M41		wˁn	Scented wood	Determinative for juniper and foreign wood .
M42		wnm	blossom	Abbreviation for eat .
M43		jrp d3b	"Hanging wine" ( vine )	Determinative for wine , fig and fruit .
M43A
M44		srt spd	mandrel	Determinative for thorn , pointed and sharp .

N - heaven, earth and water

This group includes 42 hieroglyphs that are not necessarily in the same context: sun, star, moon, sky, earth, mountains, road, canal, slope, etc.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
N1		ḫr (j), ḫrj	sky	Determinative (also phonetic determinative) and ideogram for heaven and the goddess Nut
N2		grḫ	Night sky	Determinative and ideogram for night and darkness .
N3
N4		j3dt šnyt	rainy sky	Determinative and ideogram for dew , rainstorm and rain .
N5		rˁ wbn hrw wnwt	Sun disk	Determinative and ideogram for the sun and actions of the sun such as rise , day , hour and time .
N6		rˁ	Sun with a uraeus snake	Determinative and ideogram for sun .
N7		ẖrt-hrw	Sun disk on Hauklotz (combination of N5 + T28)	Abbreviation for daily requirement .
N8		3ḫw ḥnmmt	sunshine	Determinative and ideogram for sunshine , shine and abbreviation for sun people .
N9		psḏntjw	new moon	Ideogram for new moon festival .
N10
N11		jˁḥ 3bd sšp	Crescent moon	Ideogram for moon and abbreviation / determinative for month and hand width .
N12			Crescent moon	Determinative for moon .
N12b			Crescent moon ("lying") [typical for 17th Dynasty]	[like N12]
N13		smdt	Crescent moon over a star (combination of N11 + N14)	Ideogram for half-month festival (15th day).
N14		sb3, dw3	star	Determinative and ideogram for star , the god Sopdet, constellation and Sirius and an abbreviation for hour and priesthood .
N15		dw3t	Star in a circle	Ideogram for underworld .
N16		t3	country	Determinative and ideogram for land , earth and eternity .
N17
N18		jw 3ḫt	island	Determinative and ideogram for island , horizon and desert land .
N19		(Ḥr-) 3ḫtj	two islands	Abbreviation for the god Harachte
N20		wḏb	Headland	Determinative for sandbar .
N21		sb	Headland	Determinative for land and shore .
N22		wḏb	Headland	Determinative for sandbar , land and field .
N23		t3	Irrigation canal	Determinative of land and irrigated land .
N24		sp3t	Land with irrigation canals	Determinative and ideogram for Gau , Thinis-Gau and Garten .
N25		ḫ3st smjt Rṯnw	Hill country	Determinative and ideogram for foreign land , desert land , desert and land Retjenu .
N26		ḏw	mountain	Ideogram for mountain .
N27		3ḫt	Sun over mountain	Ideogram for horizon .
N28		H	sunrise	Ideogram for hill of sunrise and crown .
N29		q	slope	Determinative and ideogram for hills . This one-consonant character is used to reproduce the emphatic k (paraphrased with q ).
N30		j3t	Hill with bushes	Determinative and ideogram for mounds of earth .
N31		w3t mṯn jˁr mšˁ Ḥr	Path with bushes (from a bird's eye view )	Determinative and ideogram for way , phonetic determinative for going up , traveling , army , here and position and an abbreviation for the god Horus.
N32		sjn	Lumps of clay
N33		šˁj	Grain of sand	Determinative for sand , mineral , metal grain , gold , black eyeshadow , medicine , globules , enemy and dangerous .
N33A			three small grains of sand (plural - instead of plural strokes)
N33B			a small grain of sand
N33C			a medium-sized grain of sand
N34		ˁnḫ	Melting pot	Determinative and ideogram for copper , brass , objects made of copper or bronze and mirrors made of metal.
N35		n	Waterline	This one-consonant character is used to represent the consonant n .
N35A		mw	three water lines	Ideogram and determinative for water.
N35B
N35C			two water lines
N36		mr	channel	Determinative and ideogram for canal , love , river , lake and Nile .
N37		š	pond	Ideogram for pond , lake and basin .
N38			Pond with embankment	Ideogram for pond .
N39			Pond, water basin, garden pool with water	This one-consonant character is used to render sch (as in the German word schön ).
N40		šm	Pond on walking legs (combination of N37 + D54)	Short for go .
N41		Hm	Fountain	Determinative for fountain , pond , marsh , vagina and cow .
N42

O - buildings and parts of buildings

Group O is quite extensive with 51 hieroglyphs. Here you will find signs related to a house or building: house, bolt, wall, stair, etc.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
O1		pr	House outline	Determinative and ideogram for house , building , place , square , sanctuary and horizon . From the Middle Kingdom, also a substitute for p .
O2		pr ḥḏ	House outline above a cross with handles (Combination of O1 + S34)	Abbreviation for "treasure house".
O3		pr ḫrw	House outline above a loaf of bread, a cross with a handle and a beer mug (Combination of O1 + X3 + P8 + W22)	Abbreviation for "sacrifice for the dead".
O4		H	Wall with a winding entrance	Ideogram for "farm yard" and "shelter". The ideogram for “house” shows a primitive shelter made of reeds from above, which can be reached via an L-shaped passage. This one-consonant symbol is used to represent the consonant h .
O5		mrrt	Wall with a winding entrance	Determinative for "street".
O6		ḥwt	big building	Ideogram for "(large) building".
O7			Loaf of bread in a large building (Combination of O6 + X1)
O8		ḥwt-ˀ3t	Loaf of bread in a large building in front of a horizontal pillar (Combination of O7 + O29)	Abbreviation for large building .
O9		Nbt ḥwt	Loaf of bread in a large building under a basket (Combination of O7 + V30)	Abbreviation for the goddess Nephthys
O10		Ḥwt-Ḥr	Falcon in a large building (Combination of O6 + G5)	Abbreviation for the goddess Hathor
O11		H	palace	Ideogram for "palace".
O12			Palace in front of a forearm (Combination of O11 + D36)
O13		sbḫt	Enclosing wall	Determinative for "doorway".
O14			Part of an enclosing wall
O15		wsḥt	Bowl (W10) and loaf of bread (X1) in an enclosure wall	Ideogram for "wide hall".
O16		t3yt	Gate with Urea frieze	Determinative and ideogram for “curtain”.
O17
O18		k3r	chapel	Determinative and ideogram for “chapel”.
O19		pr-wr, jtrt	shrine	Determinative for "Upper Egyptian National Shrine" and "Chapel Row".
O20				Determinative for “Lower Egyptian national shrine”, “row of chapels” and “sanctuary”.
O21		sḥ in sḥ-no	Shrine facade
O22		ḥ3b / sḥ	Mat tent	Determinative and ideogram for “pavilion”.
O23		ḥb-sd	Kiosk with double throne	Determinative and ideogram for Hebsed and “ Sedfest ”.
O24		mr, Mn-nfr	pyramid	Determinative for "Pyramid" and " Memphis ".
O25		tḫn	obelisk	Determinative and ideogram for “ Obelisk ”.
O26		wḏ	stele	Determinative and ideogram for “stele”.
O27		ḫ3	Portico	Determinative for “office” and “pillar hall”.
O28		jwn	pier	Ideogram for "pillar".
O29 (V)	or	ˁ3	pillar	Ideogram for pillar and large .
O30		sḫnt	Branch fork	Determinative and ideogram for prop .
O31		ˁ3	Door leaf	Determinative and ideogram for door and open .
O32		sb3	goal	Determinative for gateway , door , gate and abbreviation for gate .
O33		srḫ	Palace facade	Determinative for Serech . (See Horus name ).
O34		s (z)	Door latch	This one-consonant sign is used to reproduce the voiced s (as in the German name "Susi").
O35		sb	Door latch on walking legs (Combination of O34 + D54)
O36		jnb, sbtj	Wall	Determinative and ideogram for wall and surrounding wall .
O37		whn, sẖnn	falling wall	Determinative for demolishing , down and being lopsided .
O38		qnbt, ˁrrt	Wall angle	Determinative for corner and doorway .
O39		jnr	Stone block	Determinative for stone .
O40		rwd	simple stairs	Determinative for stairs .
O41		jˁr	double stairs	Determinative for stairs and climbing up .
O42		šsp (šzp), sšp	fence
O43
O44		j3t	Emblem of the Temple of Min	Determinative and ideogram for occupation .
O45		jp3t	vaulted building	Determinative and ideogram for harem .
O46
O47		Nn	Fortress	Ideogram for the city of Nechen .
O48
O49		njwt	Village plan with crossing	Determinative and ideogram for city , village , Thebes , inhabited region and Egypt .
O50		sp (zp)	Threshing floor with grains	Determinative for threshing floor .
O51		šnwt	barn	Determinative and ideogram for barn .

P - ships and parts of ships

According to Gardiner, the fishing boat, the sail, the mast and the oar belong to group P with 11 hieroglyphs.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
P1		dpt jmw ˁḥˁw	Ship on the water	Determinative for ship , boat , sailing , going by ship (downstream - with oar).
P1A		pnˁ	capsized ship	Determinative for capsize
P2		ḫntj	Sailing ship	Determinative for sailing upstream (upstream - with sail).
P3		wj3 nšmt ḏ3j	Bark with naos	Determinative and ideogram for divine barge , holy barge , neschmet barge , sailing the holy barge and traversing .
P4		wḥˀ	Fishing boat with net	Abbreviation for fisherman .
P5		ṯ3w nfw mḥyt	Mast with sail	Determinative and ideogram for sails , boatmen , wind and north wind .
P6		H	mast
P7		H	Mast over a forearm (Combination of P6 + D36)
P8 (H)	or	ḫrw	Rudder	Ideogram for voice and rudder and determinative for rudder .
P9		ḫrwj = fj	Rudder behind a horned viper (combination of P8 + I9)	Abbreviation for so he said at the end of the quote.
P10		ḫmw	Rudder	Determinative for rudder .
P11		mnjt	Landing stake	Determinative for landing peg .
P44A

Q - furniture

There are only 7 hieroglyphs in group Q, including the headrest with base and crescent-shaped support, which was mainly used for the dead.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
Q1		st ḥtm ws 3s	throne	Ideogram for seat and place .
Q2		ws	Lounger	Ideogram for seat .
Q3		p	Pedestal, stool, cube stool made of reeds	Ideogram for base , stool and stool made of reeds . This single consonant character is used to represent p .
Q4		wrs	headrest	Determinative for headrest .
Q5		hn	box	Determinative for box and box .
Q6		qrsw qrs	coffin	Determinative and ideogram for coffin and buried .
Q7		ḫt t3 psj srf	Incense burner with flame	Determinative of fire , heat , being hot , boiling and abbreviation for temperature .

R - temple

Group R consists of 25 hieroglyphs related to the temple or religious rite.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
R1		ḫ3wt	Offering table	Determinative and ideogram for the offering table .
R2
R3		wdḥw	Stand with bread and jug
R4		ḥtp	altar	Ideogram for altar and be content .
R5		k3p, kp	Low smoking	Determinative and ideogram for smoking .
R6
R7		snṯr	Incense bowl	Determinative and ideogram for incense .
R8		no	Gods flag	Determinative and ideogram for God , but rarely as a determinative.
R8A		nṯrw	three god flags (plural)
R9		bd	Gods flag on a basket (Combination of R8 and V33)	Determinative and ideogram for baking soda .
R10		ẖrt no	Gods flag on a chopping block and slope (Combination of R8, T28 and N29)	Ideogram for necropolis and cemetery .
R11		ḏd	Djed pillar	Ideogram for Djed pillar and (in) duration .
R12		j3t	Standard	Determinative for standard .
R13		jmnt, sb	Falcon on a standard with a feather (Combination of G5, R12 and H6)	Ideogram for west and right .
R14		jmnt, wnmj	West sign
R15		j3bt	East sign	Ideogram for east .
R16		wḫ	Uch fetish	Determinative and ideogram for the Uch fetish .
R17		T3 wr	Thinis icon	Determinative and ideogram for thinitic Gau .
R18			Thinis symbol on land with irrigation channels (Combination of R17 and N24)
R19		W3st	What-scepter with pen	Ideogram for Thebes .
R20		Sš3t	Seschat emblem	Ideogram for the goddess Seschat.
R21
R22		Hm	Min emblem	Ideogram for the god Min and abbreviation for Ausim and Letopolis .
R23
R24		Njt, Nt, Nrt	Neith emblem	Determinative and ideogram for the goddess Neith.
R25

S - crowns

The importance of group S (crowns and sceptres) is clear from the fact that there are 45 hieroglyphs in this group.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
S1		ḥḏt wrrt	White Crown of Upper Egypt	Determinative and ideogram for White Crown of Upper Egypt
S2		ḥḏt	the white crown on a cup (combination of S1 + V30)
S3		n	Red Crown of Lower Egypt	Determinative and ideogram for Red Crown of Lower Egypt .
S4		n	the red crown on a basket (combination of S3 + V30)	Determinative for Rote Krone and Net-Krone .
S5		sḫmtj	Double crown / Pschent	Determinative for the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt or Pschent .
S6		sḫmtj wrrt	Pschent on a basket (combination of S5 + V30)	Determinative and ideogram for Pschent and (Great) Krone .
S7		ḫprš	Blue crown or Chepresch	Determinative and ideogram for Blue Crown .
S8		3tf	Atef crown	Determinative and ideogram for Atef-Krone .
S9		šwtj	Double feather crown	Determinative and ideogram for double spring .
S10		w3ḥw	Headband	Abbreviation for carpenter .
S11		wsḫ	Neck collar	Determinative and ideogram for neck collar .
S12		nbw	Neck collar	Determinative and ideogram for gold , white gold , silver and precious metal .
S13		nbj	Neck collar in front of one leg (combination of S12 + D58)	Abbreviation for gilding .
S14		ḥḏ	Neck collar in front of vertical pear leg (combination of S12 and T3)	Abbreviation for silver .
S14A		dm	Neck collar in front of what scepter (combination of S12 and S40)	Abbreviation for white gold .
S15		ṯḥnt	Pectoral	Determinative and ideogram for faience .
S16
S17
S17A		šsm	Pearl belt
S18		mnjt	Pearl necklace with counterweight	Determinative and ideogram for menit necklace .
S19		sḏ3wtj	Seal on a chain	Ideogram for sealers .
S20		ḫtm ḏbˁt	seal	Determinative and ideogram for seal and signet ring .
S21		jwˁw	ring	Determinative for ring .
S22		sṯ, st	Shoulder knot	Determinative and ideogram for starboard .
S23		dmḏ	knotted strips of stuff	Determinative and ideogram for connect .
S24		ṯ (3) s (ṯ (3) z)	Belt knot	Determinative for knots .
S25		šnḏwt	Apron	Determinative for apron .
S26
S27		mnḫt	Fabric with fringes	Determinative and ideogram for clothing .
S28		ḥbs		Determinative for clothing .
S29		s	folded fabric	Ideogram for her and acronym for health . A single consonant sign is used to represent the voiceless s (as in the German word "Kuss").
S30		sf	folded fabric in front of a horned viper (Combination of S29 and I9)
S31		sm3	folded fabric in front of a sickle (Combination of S29 and U1)
S32		sj3	Fabric with fringes	Determinative and ideogram for fabric with fringes .
S33		ṯbt	sandal	Determinative and ideogram for sandal .
S34		ˁnḫ	Handle cross / anch	Ideogram for sandal straps and abbreviation for life .
(V39)				Ideogram for tit amulet ( Isis knot ).
S35		šwt sryt	Parasol with ostrich feathers	Ideogram and determinative for shadows and military standards .
S36			parasol	Ideogram and determinative for shadow , the god Hepui and military standard .
S37		ḫw	frond	Ideogram and determinative for fronds .
S38		ḥq3	Shepherd's crook	Ideogram and determinative for Heqat scepter and ruler .
S39		ˁwt	Shepherd's crook
S40		w3s, ḏˁm	What scepter	Ideogram and determinative for what scepter and abbreviation for luck .
S41		dm	What scepter with spiral shaft
S42		ˁb3, sḫm, ḫrp	Dignity	Determinative for staff, overseer , ideogram: ˁb3 = staff; sḫm = Sechem scepter , Sistrum ḫrp = overseer / leader , guide and bring about .
S43		md (w)	Walking stick	Ideogram for walking stick .
S44		3ms	Ames scepter	Ideogram and determinative for Ames scepter .
S45		nḫ3ḫ3	scourge	Ideogram and determinative for Scourge .

T - war, hunting and slaughter

35 hieroglyphs can be found in group T, the characters of which all have something to do with killing and capturing animals (and people). There are signs for a chariot, harpoon, fishing net, bird trap, throwing stick, bow and club.

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
T1		mn, mnw	Plate club
T2		sqr	diagonal pear leg	Determinative for slain .
T3		ḥḏ	vertical pear leg	Ideogram for club .
T4			Pear leg with a ribbon
T5		ḥḏ	Pear leg in front of a cobra (Combination of T3 and I10)
T6		ḥḏḏ	Pear leg in front of two cobras (Combination of T3 and 2 times I10)
T7		mjbt, mḏḥ	Mineb ax	Determinative for ax , hew and abbreviation for carpenter .
T7A		3qḥw	Aqhw ax	"Aqhw ax"
T8		tp	dagger
T8A
T8B
T9		pḏ (pd)	Horn bow	Determinative and ideogram for arch .
T9A
T10		jwnt, pḏt	Composite bow	Determinative for arches (Junet and Pedschet arches).
T11		sšr, sẖr, sjn, swn	arrow	Determinative for arrow .
T12		rwḏ, rwd, 3r, 3j	Bowstring	Determinative and ideogram for bowstring , determinative for hold back .
T13		rs	Pedj-oho device	Abbreviation for be vigilant .
T14		ˁmˁ3t, qm3, ṯḥnw, nḥsj	Throwing stick, club	Determinative for throwing wood , throwing , abbreviation for Libya , foreign people , Nubians .
T15		like T14
T16		ḫpš	Chepesch sword	Determinative for sickle sword .
T17		wrrt	Chariot	Determinative and ideogram for chariots .
T18		šms	Schemset device, "reader bundle"	"Schemset device"
T19		qs, qrs, gn, twr, twj	Harpoon tip	Determinative of bone , tubular , shaft .
T20
T21		w3	single-pronged harpoon	Determinative and ideogram for one .
T22		sn	two-pointed arrow head	Determinative and ideogram for two .
T23
T24		ˁḥ (jḥ)	Fishing net	Determinative for catching animals with a net .
T25		ḏb3, (db3)	Net swimmer	Ideogram for swimmers (on the fishing net) .
T26		sḫt	Bird trap	Determinative and ideogram for bird trap .
T27		like T26
T28		Mr	Chopping block	Abbreviation for under .
T29		nmt	Knife on a chopping block (Combination of T28 and T30)	Determinative and ideogram for battlefield .
T30		ds, dm, šˁd, dmt	knife	Determinative for knife , sharp , sharpen , cut off , cut and abbreviation for knife .
T31		sšm	Sharpening knife
T32			Sharpening knife on walking legs (Combination of T31 and D54)
T33		sšm	knife
T34		nm	Butcher knife	Determinative and ideogram for knives .
T35

U - Agriculture and Crafts

41 hieroglyphs

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
U1		m3		Determinative and ideogram for sickle-shaped stem , sickles and crookedness .
U2
U3		m3	sickle
U4		m3ˁ		Short for true .
U5
U6		mr	Hoe, angle digging stick	Determinative for hoeing and cultivating soil .
U7				Determinative and ideogram for loved ones (ideogram only), chop up and cultivate soil .
U8		ḥn	Knee hoe	Ideogram for knee heel .
U9		bdt ḫ3j	Grain measure, with grains falling out	Determinative of grain (emmer), measure and measure .
U10		jt		Determinative and ideogram for barley , grain .
U11		ḥq3t		Abbreviation for Heqat measure .
U12
U13		hb šnˁ	plow	Determinative for plowing .
U14		šnˁ	two connected woods
U15		tm	Sledge
U16		bj3	Sleigh with wolf jackal head	Determinative for sled .
U17		grg	Knuckle heel in the ground	Ideogram for founding .
U18			Knuckle hoe in the irrigated soil
U19		nw	Dachshund
U20
U21		stp sṯp	Dächsel working on the wood
U22		mnḫ	Mortise chisels	Determinative for mortise chisels and working with mortise chisels .
U23		mr 3b	chisel
U24		ḥmt	drill bit weighted down with stone	Ideogram for craft .
U25
U26		wb3	Drill bit	Ideogram for open .
U27
U28		ḏ3 wḏ3	Fire drill	Ideogram for fire drill and abbreviation for safe and sound .
U29
U30		t3	Pottery furnace	Ideogram for pottery kiln .
U31		rtḥtj rtḥ jtḥ ḫnr ḫnj	Baking hook	Determinative and ideogram for bakers .
U32		sḥm ḥm3t dns smn	Pestle and mortar	Determinative of battered , salt and heavy .
U33		tj, t, ṯ	Plunger	Ideogram for pestle .
U34		ḫsf	spindle	Ideogram for spiders .
U35		ḫsf		Ideogram for spiders .
U36		Hm	Bleuel	Ideogram for washermen .
U37		ẖˁq	Razor	Determinative for shaving .
U38		mḫ3t	Libra	Determinative and ideogram for Libra .
U39		wṯs, ṯs	Stand of the scales	Determinative for stand of the balance .
U40
U41		tḫ	Lot of the scales	Determinative for plumb of the balance .

V - rope, fiber, basket, etc.

38 hieroglyphs

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
V1		nwḥ ṯs šn, šnt, št	Roll of cord	Determinative for twine , tie and abbreviation for 100 .
V2		sṯ3	Combination of characters V1 and O34
V3		sṯ3w	Combination of the characters O34 and three V1
V4		w3	lasso
V5		snṯ	looped rope	Determinative for plan .
V6		šs	Cord with ends up	Determinative and ideogram for string , packaging and clothing .
V7		šn	Cord with ends down
V8			Cord with ends down (different shape)
V9		šnw	round cartridge	Determinative for cartridge .
V10			oval cartridge	Determinative for cartouche , name and king name (the name in the cartouche).
V10A			Cartridge start	in the hieratic with king names (instead of a closed cartridge)
V11		dnj pḫ3	End of a cartridge	Determinative for columns .
V11A			End of cartridge	in the hieratic with king names (instead of a closed cartridge)
V12		ˁrq	Linen cord	Determinative for loosening , binding , papyrus scroll and papyrus book .
V13		ṯ	Cattle rope, ankle cuffs	This one-consonant character is used to represent ch .
V14		ṯ	Tie the string to the animals
V15		jṯj	Combination of characters V13 and D54	Abbreviation for seize .
V16		s3 (z3)	Knot amulet	Ideogram for knot amulet .
V17		s3		Ideogram for protection ( Sa loop ).
V18
V19		mḏt ṯm3	Shackle clip	Determinative and ideogram for cattle pen ; Determinative for braided material such as mat and sack .
V20		mḏ	Shackle clip without crossbar	Abbreviation for 10 .
V21		mḏ	Combination of characters V20 and I10
V22		mḥ	whip
V23			Whip (ancient Egyptian form)
V24		wḏ wd	Twine around a stick
V25			Twine around a stick (New Egyptian)
V26		ˀḏ	Bobbin with thread	Determinative for coil .
V27			Coil (ancient Egyptian shape)
V28		H	twisted wick	This one-consonant character is used to represent h (an emphatic sound typical of the Arabic language).
V29		sk w3ḥ	mob
V30		nb	basket	Ideogram for basket , everyone , everyone and mr .
V31		k	Basket with handle	Ideogram for you (said to the man). This single consonant character is used to represent k .
V31A		k	Basket with handle to the other side (regular hieratic shape)	Character for "K"
V32		msn	Burlap sack or woven basket	Determinative for harpooners and levies .
V33		sšr, g, šs	Linen pouch	Determinative and ideogram for linen , wrap , tie and linen bags .
V34
V35
V36		ḥn	a container	Ideogram for a container .
V37		jdr	bandage	Determinative for bind .
V38		wt	Bandage (ancient Egyptian form)	Determinative for bandage and mummy cloth .

W - stone and clay vessels

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
W1		mrḥt	sealed jar of ointment	Determinative for ointment and oil .
W2		b3s	sealed ointment vessel without cord ends	Determinative for bas-vessel .
W3		ḥb	Alabaster pool	Determinative for alabaster and feast .
W4		ḥb	Combination of characters O22 and W3	Determinative and ideogram for festival .
W5		ẖrj-ḥbt	Combination of characters T28 and W3	Abbreviation for reading priest .
W6		wḥ3t	boiler	Determinative for boiler .
W7		m3ṯ, 3b	Granite vessel	Determinative for red granite , elephantine (= place of origin of the granite).
W8
W9		ẖnm	Stone vessel with handle	Determinative for Nechnem Oil .
W10		jˁb, (ˁb), wsḫ ḫnt	cups	Determinative for cups .
W10A		b3	Mug (used as a lamp)	(will be replaced by R7)
W11		G	Pitcher rack	Determinative and ideogram for seat .
W12			Pitcher stand (straight bottom)
W13		dšrt	red pot	Determinative and ideogram for the red Descheret vessel .
W14		ḥs	Water jug	Determinative and ideogram for the Heset jug , Senbet jug or similar vessels.
W15		qbb qbḥ	Water jug ​​with water flowing out	Determinative and ideogram for cleansing (ideogram only), water dispenser (ideogram only), being cool and libation .
W16				Determinative and ideogram for libation , be cool .
W17		ḫnt	Water jugs in the rack	Ideogram for water jugs in the rack and first .
W18		ḫnt	Water jugs in the rack	Ideogram for water jugs in the rack (ancient Egyptian form).
W19		mj	Milk jug in the network
W20		jrḏt	Milk jug	Determinative for milk and milk vessel and content .
W21		jrp	Wine vessel	Determinative for wine and wine vessel and content .
W22		ḥnqt	Beer mug	Determinative and ideogram for beer , vessels and their contents , tribute , sacrifice and abbreviation for attendant .
W23		qrḥt	Pitcher with two handles	Determinative for vessel , vessels and their contents and abbreviation for warmers .
W24		nw, jn	Nu vessel	Determinative for the goddess Nechbet (accompanies the characters Aa27 and Aa28).
W25		jnj	Combination of characters W24 and D54	Abbreviation for fetch .

X - loaves and cakes

8 hieroglyphs

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
X1		t	Loaf of bread	Ideogram for bread and abbreviation for father . This single consonant character is used to represent t .
X2		t	Loaf of bread	Determinative and ideogram for bread and abbreviation for the god Thoth , father in “God's father”.
X3		t	Loaf of bread (other shape)
X4		snw	elongated loaf of bread	Determinative of food offerings , bread, and groceries .
X5		sn	elongated loaf of bread with two lines (semi-hierarchical shape)	Determinative for food and bread . Partly replaces X4.
X6		p3t	round loaf of bread with baker's fingerprints	Determinative for bread .
X7		gsw snw	Half bread	Determinative of bread halves , food sacrifices and food .
X8		rḏj ḏj	Cone bread	Ideogram for giving .

Y - writing, games and music

8 hieroglyphs

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
Y1 (V)	or.	mḏ3t dmḏ	Papyrus scroll (book scroll) with two corners of the binding	Determinative and ideogram for book (only ideogram + phonetic determinative), writing , writing , being new , being large , abstract and abbreviation for sum .
Y2			Papyrus roll without a tip (only at the time of Sesostris I)
Y3		mnhd sš	writing utensils	Determinative for writing utensils and abbreviations for writing and script .
Y4
Y5		mn	Senet game board with pawns
Y6		jb3	game piece	Determinative and ideogram for character and abbreviation for dancers .
Y7		bnt	harp	Determinative for harp .
Y8		sḫm, sššt	Sistrum	Determinative and ideogram for Sistrum .

Z - geometric figures

11 hieroglyphs

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
Z1			Line	Ideogram for one and unity . The determinative indicates that the previous sign is an ideogram if it does not have a feminine ending. It can be used as a fill line in empty places or as a substitute line for human figure signs that are perceived as dangerous for magical reasons or as pronouns and very rarely for the first person singular.
Z2			three lines, arranged horizontally (as a monogram) [other arrangement possible]	Phonetic determinative (as a grammatical ending for participles, abstracts) and determinative for plural and collective terms.
Z3 (A)	or		three lines, arranged vertically (as a monogram)
Z4		j , (y)	two diagonal lines	Determinative for dual characters (indicates that there are 2 objects), replacement characters (for characters that are perceived as dangerous or difficult to write).
Z4B			characters arranged vertically	Abbreviation for numbers in the date
Z5		ms	"Replacement characters" (for difficult characters)	Determinative for surrogate characters ( for characters that are perceived as dangerous or difficult to write).
Z6		mwt	(Replacement characters for A13 or A14, mostly hieratic)	Determinative of death and dying .
Z7		w	"U-loop" (coming from the hieratic)	Ideogram for 100
Z8		šnw	oval	Determinative for around .
Z9		ḥḏj wpj ḏ3j nkt	lying cross	Determinative for destroy , break , divide , drive over , cross and encounter . If the context is unclear, it can also be a determinative of the matter .
Z10			lying cross (ancient Egyptian form)
Z11		jmj	crossed bars	replaces M42

Aa - unclassified hieroglyphs

31 hieroglyphs

code	image	Sound value	Depicted object	description
Aa1		H	Animal belly or basket seen from above	This character is used to represent ch (as in German "ach").
Aa2		wḥ3	"Bad package"	Determinative for wound and bold and abbreviation for relief and count .
Aa3			"Bad package" from which liquid leaks	Determinative for unpleasant things (liquid).
Aa4
Aa5		ḥp	a device for steering the ship	Determinative and ideogram for Hepet device .
Aa6		tm3 , ṯm3	a machine	Determinative for mat .
Aa7		sqr	a machine	Abbreviation for slain .
Aa8		qn ḏ3tt	Irrigation channels	Determinative and ideogram for manor .
Aa9		ḫwd	a machine	Determinative of being rich .
Aa10		drf
Aa11		m3ˁ	Podium, pedestal	Determinative for platform and podium .
Aa12			Podium (ancient Egyptian form)
Aa13		jm , m , gs	"Half"	Determinative and ideogram for face and side (ideogram only).
Aa14			"Half" (ancient Egyptian form)
Aa15			"Half" (other form)
Aa16		gs	"Half" (shortened form)	Ideogram for page .
Aa17		s3	"Move"	Ideogram for back .
Aa18			"Back" (other shape)
Aa19		Mr	a machine
Aa20		ˁpr	a machine
Aa21		wḏ3 Stš	a machine	Determinative and ideogram for divide and abbreviation for the god Seth
Aa22
Aa23		mḏd		Often after sign U35 () .
Aa24
Aa25		sm3		Ideogram for priests of clothing .
Aa26		sbj
Aa27		nḏ	some kind of filter
Aa28		qd	a device in construction
Aa29			a device during construction (ancient Egyptian form)
Aa30 (A)		ẖkr	Cheker frieze	Determinative and ideogram for cheker frieze .
Aa31			Cheker frieze (ancient Egyptian form)

literature

• AH Gardiner : Egyptian Grammar. Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 3. Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1957 / Griffith Institute, London 1957, ISBN 0-900416-35-1 .
• Rainer Hannig : The language of the pharaohs. Large concise Egyptian-German dictionary: (2800 - 950 BC). 5th edition, von Zabern, Mainz 2009, ISBN 978-3-8053-1771-9 .
• Ludwig David Morenz: picture letters and symbolic signs. The development of the script of the high culture of ancient Egypt (= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, vol. 205). Friborg 2004, ISBN 3-7278-1486-1 .

Web links

Commons : Gardiner's list  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Gardiner list hieroglyphic fonts
• Hieroglyphics support in MediaWiki

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cf. Alexandra von Lieven : "Cryptography in the Old and Middle Kingdom" In: Alexandra von Lieven: "Outline of the course of the stars - the so-called groove book". The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Ancient Eastern Studies (among others), Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-635-0406-5
2. ↑ Ludwig D. Morenz: picture letters and symbolic signs. P. 126.