Yellow daylily
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Yellow daylily ( Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus ) |
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The yellow daylily ( Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus ) is a plant from the genus of daylily ( Hemerocallis ) within the family of xanthorrhoeaceae (Xanthorrhoeaceae). It originally comes from East Asia and is a neophyte in Europe and North America . It is used in many ways.
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Vegetative characteristics
The yellow daylily is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 50 to 100 (mostly 70 to 80) centimeters. As a persistence organ, it forms short rhizomes . Their fibrous roots are somewhat fleshy or knit-like and sometimes bulbously thickened.
Many leaves are basal and arranged in two rows. The simple, parallel-veined, dark green leaf blades are linear with a tapered upper end with a length of rarely 20 to, usually 50 to 70 centimeters and a width of 0.3 to, usually 0.8 to 1.5 centimeters; she is keeled.
Generative characteristics
In China, the flowering period is between June and August. The more or less upright, leafless, stem-round, glabrous inflorescence stem is only branched in the upper area and is somewhat shorter or longer than the leaves. In the compound inflorescence there are two zymous partial inflorescences , each containing two to four, rarely five flowers; so in total there are eight to twelve flowers in the total inflorescence. There are sometimes some bracts . The bracts are lanceolate with a length of 2 to 6 (max. 8) centimeters and a width of 5 to 7 millimeters. The flower stalks are relatively short with a length of 1 to 2 centimeters.
The hermaphrodite flower is slightly zygomorphic and threefold. The very sweet, lemon-like, fragrant flowers open in the afternoon, stay open overnight and wither after one to three days. The six bracts are fused into a 1.5 to 2.5 centimeter long cylindrical tube. All bracts are light to bright lemon yellow of the same color and parallel veins can be seen. In the flower bud, the upper part of the bracts is purple to green. During the anthesis the bracts are spread out with a smooth edge. The outer three bracts are 5 to 7 inches long and 1 to 1.6 inches wide. The inner bracts are 5 to 7.5 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide. So the inner bracts are slightly wider than the outer ones. There are six stamens . The free, thin bare stamens are 3 to 5.5 inches long and curved upwards. The dust bag are sorted by author 2 to 3 or about 8 millimeters long and yellow or sometimes their top is purplish black. Three fruit leaves are a dreikammerigen, Upper permanent green ovary grown. The white to yellow pen is 7 to 8 centimeters long.
The fruit stalk is 2 to 4 millimeters long. The capsule fruit is elongated-elliptical with a height of rarely 2 to mostly 3 to 4 centimeters and a diameter of rarely 1 to, usually 1.5 to 2 centimeters. In the triple capsule fruit, the seeds are in two rows in each fruit compartment. The shiny black seeds are 3 to 5 millimeters in size, round or, due to the narrowness in the fruit chamber, angular.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22; it is diploid.
Occurrence
The distribution area of Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus are the temperate areas of eastern Asia. There are natural occurrences in Siberia , Russia's Far East , Japan , Korea, Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Heilongjiang , Henan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Jilin , Liaoning , Shaanxi , Shandong and Shanxi .
The yellow daylily was introduced to Europe very early on, where it grew wild and is considered a naturalized neophyte . She later became a sporadic neophyte in North America as well.
There are several small areas in Europe with stocks of the yellow daylily. It occurs within Europe in northeastern Italy, Hungary, Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia, Belgium, France, Portugal, Spain, the Czech Republic, Romania, Albania, Ukraine, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
In Burgenland , in the Luka Großmürbisch nature reserve, northwest of Großmürbisch, in a small valley of the Reinersdorf stream, Austria's most important population is located. There is also a population in Burgenland in the Jabinger Friedhofswiesen nature reserve in the Pinkatal near Jabing . The Natura 2000 area Guntschacher Au an der Drau in Carinthia is home to Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus . In the Natura 2000 area Lafnitztal - Neudauer Teiche there is an occurrence in Styria and Burgenland. In Swabia there is the daylily field near Rehling near St. Stephan, a district of Rehling , in the north of Augsburg .
Taxonomy
Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, p. 324, where “Lilio Asphodelus” was written. The generic name Hemerocallis is derived from the Greek words ἡμέρᾶ hemera for "day" and κάλλος kallos "beauty". This refers to the short lifespan of each beautiful flower. The specific epithet lilioasphodelus is derived from lilium and asphodelus , as it looks similar to these two plant taxa. Synonyms for Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. are: Hemerocallis flava (L.) L. , Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus var. Flavus L. , Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus var. Major hort., Hemerocallis lutea Gaertn.
use
Some varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens of temperate latitudes. When choosing the location you should make sure that they turn their flowers according to the position of the sun and the equator. The yellow daylily quickly forms dense stands that cover the ground. The withered leaves provide good winter protection.
The cooked small, bulbous sections of the roots taste like sweet corn and black salsify. Leaves and young above-ground parts of plants are eaten raw or cooked like asparagus or celery before they become fibrous. Flower buds are eaten raw or cooked; they taste similar to green beans and contain 43 mg of vitamin C per 100 g, vitamin A and 3.1% protein . Flowers are eaten raw or cooked. If you pick the flowers just before they wilt you can use them as a spice. The scalded and then dried flowers, especially of the yellow- red daylily (Hemerocallis fulva), the lemon daylily (Hemerocallis citrina) and the edible daylily (Hemerocallis esculenta) are a traditional food in China, Japan and Korea and are used to thicken soups.
The medical effects of Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus have been studied.
A cord is twisted from the dried leaves and made into footwear.
Web links
- Yellow daylily. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus L., map for distribution in Switzerland In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- GDS - Society of Perennial Friends - Section Hemerocallis .
- Wild species: Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus .
- Entry at Blumeninschwaben.de .
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- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech: Hemerocallis In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 , pp. 220 (English). ( Online )
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Chen Xinqi, Junko Noguchi: Hemerocallis In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 163 (English). ( Online ).
- ↑ Biological characteristics on www.floraweb.de
- ↑ a b c Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ↑ Yellow daylily. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ Data sheet at Invasive Species Compendium .
- ↑ data sheet at e-monocot.org . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Luka Großmürbisch - nature reserves in Burgenland. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jabinger Friedhofswiesen nature reserve - nature reserves in Burgenland.
- ↑ Guntschacher Au near Eunis .
- ↑ Lafnitztal - Neudauer Teiche at Natura 2000 Steiermark . ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Daylily field near Rehling at Blumeninschwaben.de .
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 18, 2014.
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (page 440).
- ↑ a b c d Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus at Plants For A Future . Retrieved January 18, 2014.
