History of Malstatt

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The municipality of Malstatt , today 's Malstatt district of Saarbrücken , has a history spanning over fifteen hundred years. The town, which was independent until 1874, was initially combined with the neighboring town of Burbach to form the town of Malstatt-Burbach, and then in 1908 with Alt-Saarbrücken and Sankt Johann an der Saar to form today's state capital Saarbrücken.

Prehistory and early history

Malstatt, the meadow in front of the Protestant church marks the location of the old Malstatter Thingwiese

Finds from the Celtic and Roman times attest to an early settlement of the place. Its name probably comes from the 6th century and denotes the place of assembly (Thing) of the rural community. With the conversion of the Frankish King Clovis I to Catholicism, the pagan sacrifices gradually ended at the Malstatt over the Saar and a church was built on the traditional Mal site.

middle Ages

Ban borders

Malstatt had a large circle of spells that extended on both banks of the Saar. It reached in the west as far as the Alsbach, in the north as far as the Steinbach, in the east as far as the Sulzbach and Rennstrasse, in the south as far as the Saar or the Saarhafen (today the area of ​​the Bürgerpark) and on the left bank of the Saar as far as the Spicherer heights . Here, on the left bank of the Saar, the ban bordered the Saarbrücker and St. Arnualer Bann in the east and the Forbacher and Gersweiler Bann in the west, with the Willerbach being the border between Gersweiler and Malstatt. In 1460, the municipality of Malstatt sold the citizenship of (old) Saarbrücken the right to graze on the left bank of the Saar. In 1662 Saarbrücken acquired the left bank of the Saar for 200 guilders, as Malstatt was financially on the ground due to the Thirty Years War . The Malstatter area between Sulzbach and the Roman-era Rennstraße (today Grühlingstraße) put Count Ludwig Crato under the ban of St. Johann and transferred the Helmerswald to the community of Malstatt. The ban probably belonged to the Völklingen royal court , whose royal estate extended from the Köllertal to the Scheidter valley. The Völklingen royal court was founded in 999 by Emperor Otto III. donated to the diocese of Metz and later became the fief of the Saarbrücken counts. There is no documentary evidence of when Malstatt became the property of the Count of Saarbrücken.

First documentary mentions

Benedictine convent of St. Peter, Metz - owner of the Malstatter church patronage

In 960, Malstatt was mentioned for the first time in a document issued in Cologne (today in the department archive of Metz) King Otto I with regard to his village church (ecclesia de Mathalstatt), which was owned by the Metz Benedictine monastery , which was important at the time the citadel was located. The Malstatter village church, however, was in the area of ​​the Trier dean's office in Merzig . In the Malstatter deed of 960, important politicians of the time appear: The Metz Bishop Adalbero I von Bar , his brother Duke Friedrich von Lothringen , the brother of King Otto, the Archbishop of Cologne Brun and the Chancellor of King Otto, Liudolf. The Malstatter ownership is mentioned again in a document from Otto II from 977. Here Dudweiler is mentioned as a branch chapel of Malstatt (Madalstatt cum capella Duodonivillare). In 993 this is documented by Otto III. approved. Important politicians also appear in the two later Malstatter documents: Duke Friedrich von Lothringen , Bishop Theoderich von Metz , Archbishop Egbert von Trier , Archbishop Willigis von Mainz and the Empress mother and Byzantine princess Theophanu . In the immediate vicinity of the church on the Malstatter Kirchberg there was still a Germanic court (ahd. Mahalstat), which was responsible for the entire area. The Malstatter pastor was appointed alternately between the Metz St. Peters Monastery and the Saarbrücken counts , who bought the patronage in 1561. From an ecclesiastical point of view, Malstatt remained as one of the oldest church locations on the central Saar until the Reformation, the southernmost tip of the border of the Archdiocese of Trier and was surrounded on three sides by the Diocese of Metz. Unlike the neighboring communities of St. Johann, Saarbrücken, Gersweiler, Sulzbach, Güdingen, Bübingen and Fechingen, Malstatt was never dependent on the Sankt Arnual Abbey . The establishment of the Dudweiler Chapel as a branch chapel of Malstatt should be seen in connection with the monastery reform of Gorze , in which the Metz Monastery of St. Peter on the citadel played a part. The sale of the patronage rights of Malstatt by the Metz monastery to the house of Nassau-Saarbrücken is related to the occupation of the Trois-Évêchés (German: 'three dioceses'), the prince-bishops (Hochstifte) of Metz , Toul and Verdun in the church province of Trier in the year In 1552 by France under its King Heinrich II. The old Peter monastery was converted into a citadel and the monastery church was profaned.

Courtyard and items of the year in Malstatt

The administration of the Malstatter Hof was headed by a Meier , while a forester managed the forests belonging to the Malstatter Bannes. Parts of the estate had been given to unfree farmers in plots ( bailiwicks ). These Malstatter farmers were compulsory and also liable to pay taxes to the Count of Saarbrücken. Submission days ("Schatzung" or "Schaft") in Malstatt were Easter and Remigiustag (October 1st). The Saarbrücken count passed this administrative right to various knights and castle men during the Middle Ages.

In addition to the owners of the Malstatter Hof, a free family also had its seat in Malstatt. The earliest members of this family mentioned in records were Godelo and Simon von Malstatt, who were enfeoffed with estates in Alsweiler and Malstatt in the 13th century . The family of the Lords of Malstatt probably died out at the beginning of the 15th century with Friedrich von Malstatt, who was named as governor of the Saarbrücken Count in 1405.

The annual items were held in the courtyard of Malstatt by the bailiff ( mayor ) of the Saarbrücken count. The village of Burbach, which was first mentioned in 1313, also belonged to the Malstatt farm. Through several purchases from smaller aristocrats (von Heringen, von Kerpen, von Sötern, von Kronenburg), the whole of Burbach belonged to the Counts of Saarbrücken until 1663.

Destruction of Malstatt in the feud of 1471

In February 1471, Malstatt and Burbach were in a feud between Count Johann III from Saarbrücken . and the Count Palatine and Duke Ludwig I , known as the Black, burned down because Ludwig could not conquer the city of St. Johann .

Reformation and Thirty Years War

In its history, Malstatt shared the fortunes of the nearby cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann. In the course of the Nassau Reformation in 1575, the village population of Malstatt had to switch to the Protestant-Lutheran creed.

As in the neighboring communities, in the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War there was heavy looting and devastation as well as the outbreak of epidemics in Malstatt. On October 7, 1635, Rentmeister Klicker reported that the Malstatt church had been destroyed and only five of the inhabitants of Malstatt had survived. As a result of the chaos of war, Malstatt was so weakened that the place had to be taken over by the parish of Dudweiler in the years 1673–1679 and then by St. Johann . The old Malstatt branch in Gersweiler was looked after by high school principals. It was not until 1738 that Malstatt became independent again and was given responsibility for the surrounding villages of Burbach, Rußhütte, Großwald, Luisenthal, Neudorf, the Rastpfuhl and the old Gersweiler branch with Ottenhausen, Klarenthal and Krughütte.

The Malstatter Kolbenhof on the border of the Malstatter Bann, east of the road in the direction of Köllertal, also perished in the Thirty Years War. In 1371, Count Johann II enfeoffed the widow Jeanette von Berris des Burgmannes zu Saarbrücken, Heinrich the Wild, with her husband's share in the court, "obwendig Malstatt". Later a part of this farm was owned by the knight and castle man Dietrich von Geispitzheim, called Kolbe. This had been enfeoffed in 1436 by Countess Elisabeth von Lothringen, Countess of Nassau-Saarbrücken "with his leasable documented property of the part of his farm called Kolbenhof, located on that side of Malstatt, against the broad cross, near the Fischbach ".

Nassau phase

In 1740 the Poststrasse from Malstatt to Saarlouis was built. While the old Heerweg, the Römerstraße, led through the middle of the Malstatter village center and then over the Saarwiese to Burbach, the road now led through the upper part of Malstatt in the direction of a former field path to Burbach.

According to the report of the princely bailiff and councilor Christian Lex from 1756, almost all of the inhabitants of Malstatt were serf farmers of the Nassau-Saarbrück state rule at that time. Malstatt had a church that was also used by the Burbach residents and 18 houses, only five of which were tiled and the rest of them were thatched. The village of Burbach also belonged to the Malstatt dairy, as did the Fischbacher Hof (today's Rußhütte district) and the farm on the Rastpfuhl. Fish could be caught in the Malstatter waters of Saar, Fischbach and Weyerbach (also known as Burbach). Crayfish was also caught in the Weyerbach.

Prince Wilhelm Heinrich (1718–1768), founder of the Malstatt district of Rastpfuhl
Count Friedrich Ludwig von Nassau-Ottweiler, founder of the Rastpfuhler Schafhof

The Rastpfuhl-Hof was originally a gatehouse on the wild fence of the Malstatter Forest. (The gatehouse at Ludwigsberg and the chair set house at Scheidt have the same origins.) In 1756, Prince Wilhelm Heinrich (Nassau-Saarbrücken) had the forest cut down and a courtyard set up here. In addition, Wilhelm Heinrich bought the house of the Rastpfuhl goalkeeper and woodcutter König, which then served as the official residence of the manorial courtier. A sheep farm had already been established on the Rastpfuhl under Count Friedrich Ludwig , Wilhelm Heinrich's predecessor. The two farms were subsequently given to different tenants. In 1767 the Rastpfuhler Hof had 7 acres of courtyard ring and gardens, 50 acres of meadows, 306 acres of arable land and 127 acres of cut forest. 250 sheep and 300 mutton were kept in the sheep farm. Since 1776, the children of the former goalkeeper König laid out an inn on the Rastpfuhl. In 1843, 44 people lived on the Rastpfuhl and the nearby brickworks. At that time the plant had six houses. Only at the beginning of the 20th century, with the demolition of the half-timbered building of the princely tithe barn on the Rastpfuhl, the last testimony to the Rastpfuhler Hof was demolished.

In 1763, Prince Wilhelm Heinrich had the old Rodenhof, which had been used to supply the Saarbrücken court with agricultural products, sold to the Saarbrücken citizenship. The prince then had the new Rodenhof laid out in a forest clearing on Rennstrasse. The associated arable land was sold a few years later. However, until the end of feudal rule in 1793, the courtyard house served the lordly forester as an official residence.

Most of the residents were of the Lutheran denomination , few were Catholic (assigned to the Catholic parish of St. Johann) and only one resident belonged to the Reformed denomination (assigned to the Reformed parish of Saarbrücken). A school building operated by the village community already existed and was also used by the Burbach children.

French phase

With the invasion of French revolutionary troops in October 1792, serfdom was lifted. In the summer of 1793, French soldiers burned the entire inventory of the Malstatt church. In September of the same year, the Prussians under Colonel von Blücher occupied the Malstatter pleasure palace on Ludwigsberg. When the French attempted to retake the entire castle, it went up in flames. Malstatt itself was also shot at and completely looted. The Malstatt residents fled through the forest to the neighboring villages and were only able to return to the destroyed Malstatt after weeks. At the beginning of November 1793 there was also fighting between the Prussians and the French who wanted to steal the Prussian fodder stores stored in Malstatt.

In 1797, Malstatt and Burbach, as well as the entire county of Saarbrücken , were annexed by France. The villages of Malstatt and Burbach were administratively assigned to the canton of Saarbrücken. Since 1810 the two villages belonged to the Mairie Saarbrücken. The population rose again: In 1809 Malstatt and the district of Rußhütte had a total of 450 inhabitants, Burbach 269. In 1810 Malstatt had 499, Rußhütte 57 and Burbach 278 inhabitants. Malstatt remained part of the French state until 1815.

First Paris Peace

In the First Peace of Paris in 1814, Malstatt and Burbach remained under King Louis XVIII. French. When the Bavarian troops stormed St. Johann on June 23, 1815, Malstatt and Burbach were again completely looted and the residents had to flee. The damage caused by the Bavarian troops was paid for in 1820 by French war indemnities, which were used to renovate the Malstatter church. After Napoleon's return and his final defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815, as well as his exile on the island of St. Helena , the towns of the Saar Valley were separated from France in the Second Peace of Paris and handed over to the Kingdom of Prussia ( Rhine Province ).

Prussian phase

At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Malstatt, like all of the surrounding Saar valley locations, became part of the Second Peace of Paris with the Kingdom of Prussia under the rule of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. united. Several petitions from merchants from Saarbrücken and St. Johann and a signature campaign under the leadership of Saarbrücken Mayor Heinrich Böcking , which aimed at connecting the Saar valley locations to the Kingdom of Prussia, played a not insignificant role.

Heinrich Böcking (1785–1862), initiator of the transition of the Saar Valley locations to the Kingdom of Prussia , painting by Louis Krevel , around 1830, catalog inventory of the Saarland Museum

When the question of the future state affiliation of the Saar valley locations was discussed in the course of the wars of liberation in 1814/15, Böcking was, alongside Philipp Fauth, the most outstanding advocate of incorporation into Prussia . Böcking belonged to various delegations, in particular the deputation sent to the Paris Peace Conference in the summer of 1815 . There was very close contact with the Prussian negotiator in the Paris peace negotiations in 1815, Karl August Freiherr von Hardenberg .

On November 30, 1815, the Prussian government officially took possession of Malstatt and the rest of the Saar valley locations through an official ceremony in the Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken by the royal Prussian commissioner Mathias Simon on behalf of King Friedrich Wilhelm III.

Location of Malstatt within the Rhine Province, Trier administrative district, map from 1905

After the Prussian occupation, the localities of Malstatt, Burbach and Rußhütte remained united in one mayor's office with St. Johann and Saarbrücken. The administration was led by the mayor of Saarbrücken, Malstatt had a community leader, Burbach and Rußhütte a local leader each. The male population consisted largely of farmers and miners.

industrialization

With regard to the hard coal, which appeared openly in numerous places in the Principality of Nassau-Saarbrücken and was mined by the peasants in the opencast mine, Prince Wilhelm Heinrich was able to rely on the rulership of mining law. In order to improve the income of the small principality, Wilhelm Heinrich issued an ordinance in 1754 that practically nationalized all coal mines - an ordinance that was to remain in force in Saarland to this day.

In Malstatt, in the later district of Rußhütte, there was lively coal mining at the point where a glassworks had been set up in 1721 by the master glassmaker August Guthmann with the permission of Count Karl Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken (Kohlglashütte). The glassworks was relocated to Friedrichsthal and from 1757 onwards, soot was extracted in Rußhütte through a heating process, which was used to produce printing ink, car grease and ship tar. The soot produced here gave the Malstatt district its name. With the end of the Saarbrücken feudal rule, the Russhütte became the property of the French Republic during the French Revolution. With the transition to Prussia, operations at the Russhütte were stopped in 1823, which led to the impoverishment of the local population. It was not until the opening of the Von der Heydt mine in 1850 and the upswing in transport through the construction of the railroad that employment conditions were improved again. The Rußhütter Hof with its 93 acres of land had been handed over to the Saarbrücker Hospital in 1804 as compensation. The hospital then sold the farm piece by piece to the residents there.

Von der Heydt mine station (1865)

Even before the Thirty Years' War, iron ore had been found in the Fischbachtal near Rußhütte on the wooded mountain slopes on the left side of the stream and smelted directly on site. The smelting and ironworks probably went down in the chaos of war.

After the small coal mine near Burbach had to close around 1780 due to low yields and the mine in Rußhütte also ceased operations in 1823, new high-yield pits were built near Malstatt. In 1821, which was Gerhard-pit near Luisenthal (designation after the Prussian mines, Johann Carl Ludewig Gerhard created) that in 1830, 30,000 cartload , promoted in 1840 already 85,000 loads of coal per year and employed more than 1,000 miners to 1850. As a result, the population of the villages of Malstatt and Burbach rose from 822 in 1818 to 2395 in 1850. In 1852 the railway line from Neunkirchen to Forbach was completed, which was connected to the new Von der Heydt mine by a branch line going up the Burbach valley.

In 1850, the Von der Heydt coal mine, named after the banker and Prussian Minister of Commerce and Finance , August Freiherr von der Heydt , was built in the north of the Malstatter municipality, operated as an independent mine until 1932 and finally closed in 1965. In the Von der Heydt mine, which was about four kilometers from the center of Burbach, 1583 miners were already working in 1855.

In 1922, another weather shaft, the Pasteur or Südschacht, was sunk in the Rastpfuhl district of Malstatt. As early as 1852, the mine had a rail connection to St. Johann-Saarbrücken .

The construction of the railway line from Saarbrücken to Trier began in 1856. The line was laid through Malstatter and Burbacher municipal area. The Saarbrücken-Merzig line was opened to traffic on December 16, 1858, and the Merzig-Trier line on May 26, 1860. In 1861 the line was connected to the Luxembourg Wilhelmsbahn .

Malstatt received a big boost with the establishment of the ironworks in the neighboring town of Burbach on June 22nd, 1856 (Saarbrücker Eisenhütten-Gesellschaft) and the opening of the ironworks on June 15th, 1857. The Burbacherhütte was "on the green meadow" by a Belgian-Luxembourgish company Limited partnership founded. The connection to the Saarbrücken-Trier-Luxemburg railway line spoke in favor of the location with regard to the transport of products and raw materials (inauguration of the station on the municipal border between Malstatt and St. Johann in 1852, today Saarbrücken main station ). The number of workers was already 1292 in 1876. Pig iron production was 15,121 tons in 1861 and increased to around 47,000 tons in 1871, when the German Empire was founded.

In 1864, the Burbach train station was opened in the immediate vicinity of the Burbacher Hütte. The main railway workshop was built near Malstatt. A canalization of the Saar was completed in 1865 and the Saarkohlehafen was laid out on the Malstatter municipal area (today the area of ​​the Bürgerpark), which was connected to the Burbach and St. Johann stations by rail.

As a result of the economic boom in Malstatt and Burbach, numerous larger commercial enterprises settled in the area: in 1866 the Böcking & Dietzsch cement factory, the Krutina & Möhle cement goods factory, the coke plant of the Lothringer Eisenwerke, the Lüttgens brothers machine shop, the Ehrhard & Sehmer machine factory. Malstatt and Burbach grew in population in 1866 to more than 6000 inhabitants. The population growth offered the opportunity in 1862 to separate administratively from St. Johann and Saarbrücken and to become independent.

Confessional change

Until the middle of the 19th century, Malstatt was mostly Protestant-Lutheran, numerous Protestant parishioners belonged to the Prussian civil servants and administrative apparatus. With the Saarbrücken Union in 1817, Lutheran and Reformed congregations in Saarland merged to form a common church. With the beginning of industrialization (mining and iron and steel industry) in the second half of the 19th century, an enormous immigration of workers from the Eifel, the Hunsrück and Lorraine began, so that by the end of the 19th century, Protestantism was no longer in Malstatt, rather, Catholicism was the majority denomination. Around the year 2000, around 20% of Malstatter were Protestant, 70% Catholic, the rest belonged to other denominations and religions (especially Muslims) or were non-denominational.

Franco-German War

During the Franco-Prussian War , Malstatt and Burbach were massively shelled by French troops who had taken up positions in Gersweiler. The French bombardment reached as far as the Rastpfuhl, where on August 2, 1870 the young soldier Traugott Roemer was torn to pieces by a grenade. A memorial on Lebacher Strasse still reminds of this today. Some houses in Malstatt were set on fire by French gunfire, so that numerous Malstatt residents fled the fighting in the direction of Von der Heydt. There had been no evacuation and the population present had to provide the numerous Prussian troops with food. In 1901, a memorial was erected on the Malstatter cemetery for other war dead.

After the war of 1870/71 and the annexation of the realm of Alsace-Lorraine to the newly founded German Empire , the population of Malstatt and Burbach rose to over 10,000 inhabitants, so that a rise from the rural community to the urban community seemed appropriate.

Association with Burbach and city elevation

Malstatt, town center at the end of the 19th century looking towards the market and the Protestant church (Saarbrücken city archive)

The highest cabinet order from Mainau dated June 10, 1874 approved that the municipality of Malstatt would be represented as a city in the provincial parliament. Combined with the neighboring town of Burbach , the new township of Malstatt-Burbach was awarded town regulations by the highest cabinet order from Babelsberg on June 3, 1875. The city regulations were introduced on August 2, 1875.

In the years 1879 to 1881, the Fischbachbahn was built as a new transport line to Neunkirchen and the Schleifmühle station near Malstatt was created.

Around 1900, Malstatt-Burbach was the junction of the state railway lines Saarbrücken-Malstatt, Malstatt-Saarhafen and Schleifmühle-Malstatt, had 2 Protestant and 2 Catholic churches, an electric tram, a large ironworks (4200 workers), mechanical engineering company, cast steel works, Portland cement, railroad carriages , Boiler and cash box production, iron foundry, phosphate mills, brickworks, iron stone mining and (1900) 31,195 inhabitants, of which 10,625 Protestants and 92 Jews. In 1905 the population of the city of Malstatt-Burbach exceeded 38,000.

District of the state capital Saarbrücken

By contract of December 5, 1908, the independent cities of Saarbrücken , St. Johann and Malstatt-Burbach were united with effect from April 1, 1909 to form a city with the name Saarbrücken . The new city of Saarbrücken had around 105,000 inhabitants when it was founded, making it the fifth largest German city ​​on the left bank of the Rhine . At the same time, the city of Saarbrücken left the Saarbrücken district and became an independent city .

Today Malstatt is a district in the city ​​center of the state capital, which in turn belongs to the Saarbrücken regional association .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Engel (Ed.): 375 Years of the Evangelical Church on the Saar, 1575–1950, Saarbrücken 1950, p. 63.
  2. ^ Karl August Schleiden: Illustrated History of the City of Saarbrücken, Dillingen / Saar 2009, p. 23.
  3. ^ Albert Ruppersberg : History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 150-153, 166.
  4. ^ Gerhard Bauer: The field names of the city of Saarbrücken, Bonn 1957, 63.
  5. ^ Hans Ried: The settlement and functional development of the city of Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken 1958, p. 201.
  6. ^ Heinrich Kuhn: Thousand Years of Church in Malstatt 960–1960, Protestant Parish Malstatt, Saarbrücken 1960, pp. 4–5.
  7. ^ A b Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815–1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the unified city of Saarbrücken up to 1914, Volume III, Part 2, reprint of the 2nd edition von 1914, St. Ingbert 1979, p. 154.
  8. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 154.
  9. ↑ Evangelisches Pfarramt Malstatt (Ed.): Thousand Years Church in Malstatt 960–1960, Saarbrücken 1960, p. 3.
  10. ^ Walter Zimmermann: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und der Landkreis Saarbrücken, 2nd edition, unchanged reprint of the Düsseldorf 1932 edition, Saarbrücken 1975, p. 58.
  11. ^ Heinrich Kuhn: 1000 years of Malstatt, the three imperial documents of 960, 977 and 993 for the St. Peter Abbey in Metz, in: Saarbrücke Hefte 11/1960, pp. 32–45.
  12. ↑ a b c Brief history of the Protestant parish Malstatt (PDF) evangelischmalstatt.de. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  13. ↑ Johann Peter Muth: Parish historical pictures of the Catholic parishes St. Johann and Saarbrücken for the 150th anniversary of the consecration of the current parish church of St. Johann, St. Johann an der Saar 1908, p. 122.
  14. ↑ Albert Rosenkranz (ed.): The Evangelical Rhineland, A Rhenish Parish and Parish Book, Part I, The Communities, Düsseldorf 1956.
  15. ↑ Wilhelm Engel (Ed.): 375 years of the Evangelical Church on the Saar, 1575–1950, Saarbrücken 1950, p. 68.
  16. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken up to 1914, Volume III, Part 2, reprint of the 2nd edition from 1914 , St. Ingbert 1979, p. 166.
  17. ^ Heinrich Kuhn: Thousand Years of Church in Malstatt 960–1960, Evangelical Parish Office Malstatt, Saarbrücken 1960, pp. 5–6.
  18. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 154-160.
  19. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 161.
  20. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken up to 1914, Volume III, Part 2, reprint of the 2nd edition from 1914 , St. Ingbert 1979, p. 203.
  21. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 192.
  22. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 192-195.
  23. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 173-181.
  24. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 179-181.
  25. ^ Fritz Kloevekorn : Saarbrücken's past in pictures, Saarbrücken 1933, p. 142.
  26. ^ A b Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815–1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the unified city of Saarbrücken up to 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914 , Saarbrücken 1914, p. 182.
  27. ^ Karl August Schleiden: Illustrated History of the City of Saarbrücken, Dillingen / Saar 2009, p. 112.
  28. ↑ Norbert Scherer: The glassworks on the Fischbach, 250 years of the Rußhütte district. in: Festschrift for the 650th anniversary of the award of the freedom letter to Saarbrücken and St. Johann, (= magazine for the history of the Saar region, XIX), Saarbrücken 1971, pp. 220–229.
  29. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815–1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the unified city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 195-196.
  30. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Serwe: "These people go to their homeland on Saturdays ..." Bergmannsleben in Von der Heydt, in: Klaus-Michael Mallmann (Ed.): We were never really at home, journeys of discovery into the Saar region 1815–1955, 2nd edition, JHWDietz successor, Berlin 1988.
  31. ^ Delf Slotta: Der Saarländische Steinkohlenbergbau, Ed .: RAG Aktiengesellschaft (Herne) and Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland e. V. (Schiffweiler), Dillingen / Saar 2011.
  32. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 182-183.
  33. ^ Karl August Schleiden: Illustrated History of the City of Saarbrücken, Dillingen / Saar 2009, pp. 210–211.
  34. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 183.
  35. ↑ Joachim Conrad: "Tie the bond of the association ever tighter", in: Ders., Stefan Flesch, Nicole Kuropka, Thomas Martin Schneider (ed.): Evangelisch am Rhein. Becoming and being of a regional church, writings of the archive of the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, vol. 35; Düsseldorf 2007, pp. 178-181.
  36. ^ Johann Friedrich Gerhard Goeters: The introduction of the union in the area of ​​the old district synod Saarbrücken, in: Helmut Franz, Hans Walter Herrmann: The Evgl. Church on the Saar yesterday and today, Saarbrücken 1975.
  37. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 185-187.
  38. ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 187.
  39. ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 13. Leipzig 1908, p. 189: Malstatt-Burbach. On-line