Shiny meadow rue

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Shiny meadow rue
Shiny meadow rue (Thalictrum lucidum), illustration

Shiny meadow rue ( Thalictrum lucidum ), illustration

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Isopyroideae
Genre : Meadow rue ( Thalictrum )
Type : Shiny meadow rue
Scientific name
Thalictrum lucidum
L.

The Shining Meadow Rue ( Thalictrum lucidum ), also gloss Meadow Rue called, is a kind within the genus thalictrum which the family of the buttercup family belongs (Ranunculaceae). Their occurrence is closely related to river valleys and floodplains. The yellow appearance of the plant is based on the yellow coloring of the stamens.

The leaves have very short hairs underneath.
Flower with decrepit tepals and blunt anthers
Ten-rib nuts

description

general characteristics

The shiny meadow rue grows as a perennial , deciduous herbaceous plant . Their height is 60 to 120 centimeters. As a storage organ, it has a short, non-creeping rhizome that does not form any underground runners. As is typical of a hemicryptophyte , the renewal buds are located in close proximity to the surface of the earth. Since the stem axis is divided into a compressed rosette-forming section and an elongated leaf-bearing section, the glossy meadow rue is assigned to the semi-rosette plants.

Features of the leaves

The sessile leaves of the glossy meadow rue are arranged alternately on the unbranched, square and shiny stem. Around seven to ten leaves develop per plant. The leaf blade is pinnate two to four times . Young and old leaves have no stipules , and the leaflets do not form any stipules. The blade of the leaflets is longer than it is wide and trimmed in a linear-lanceolate manner. The exact shape of the leaflets depends on the position of the leaves on the stem. The leaflets of the lowest leaves have an elongated-oval shape. The leaflets of the central stem leaves are oval to oblong. The ratio of length to width corresponds roughly to the ratio 1: 2 to 1: 4. The leaflets of the uppermost stem leaves vary in shape from lanceolate to elongated-wedge-shaped to narrow-linear. Their length is more than five times the width. The leaflet is usually undivided, but it can also be lobed. The edge sometimes has two or three perforations at the tip. The upper side of the leaflets has a dark green, glossy color, while the light green underside has fine hairs along the nerves.

Features of the flowers and inflorescence

The fragrant, yellow-green flowers appear from June to July (August). They are grouped together in spreading, densely flowered, poor or rich-branched paniculate inflorescences . The upright, not overhanging panicles are egg-shaped in outline. The flowers are densely packed at the ends of their branches. The flowers are upright in the panicles.

The radially symmetrical , hermaphrodite flowers of the glossy meadow rue have a simple flower envelope . Since the petals are missing, four sepals usually form the perigone . The single yellow-greenish tepal is about 4 to 5 millimeters long. The tepals are very frail. Often they fall off while they are in bloom. The large number of stamens are noticeably longer than the tepals. They have upright, whitish to green-yellow stamens . These are below the dust bag is not thickened. The dull anthers show a yellow color. The flowering of the Shining Meadow Rue has several, upper constant standing free carpels that one in its entirety choricarpes Gynoeceum form. Ovary and stylus are not sticky, the stylus is sometimes hooked.

Characteristics of the fruit

After fertilization, a nut develops from each of the carpels , which together make up the fruit. The nuts are sitting upright, but can sometimes be almost stalked at their base. They are designed elliptically, their cross-section corresponds to the shape of a star. Their matt, smooth surface is criss-crossed by eight to ten longitudinal ribs. The formation of edges is weak. The spread of the diaspores is ensured by the wind and water . They rely on the cold to germinate.

Chromosome number

The shiny meadow rue has a tetraploid chromosome set with 2n = 28, with a basic chromosome number of 7.

ecology

Flower ecology

In the hermaphroditic flowers of the glossy meadow rue, the female sexual organs - stylus and stigma - mature before the male reproductive organs, the anthers. This mechanism, botanically called proterogyny , promotes cross-pollination compared to self-pollination.

Grove hoverflies male
Meadow rue leaf tensioner

The Shining Meadow Rue has various strategies that pollination ensure: first, take insect the pollination . The shiny meadow rue does not offer nectar , but has an abundant supply of pollen . The yellow stamens and fragrances have a signal effect for pollinators when the flower cover is reduced. Typical pollinators are short-nosed bees , hover flies , real flies and beetles . Pollen is also transmitted via the wind. Supported wind pollination by the long stamens and the abundant pollen deposits. In relation to insect pollination, wind pollination is also interpreted as a secondary characteristic, i.e. a transition from insect pollination to wind pollination, with typical characteristics occurring side by side for both forms of pollination. In addition to wind and insect pollination, the glossy meadow rue has the ability to self-pollinate .

Synecology

The glossy meadow rue is considered a forage plant for the caterpillars of the meadow rue gold owl ( Lamprotes c-aureum ) and the meadow rue leaf tensioner ( Perizoma sagittata ). Both species are endangered according to the Red List . You are oligophagous dependent on meadow rue species existentially.

Occurrence

distribution

Donauaue

The area of ​​the glossy meadow rue extends across Central and Eastern Europe to Turkey . It finds its northern limit in southern Finland . The central European locations form the western limit of the deposits.

Specifically, stocks in Turkey are documented in temperate Asia. In Central Europe, the area runs through Austria , Czechoslovakia , Germany , Hungary and Poland . In Eastern Europe, the glossy meadow rue is native to Belarus , the European part of the Russian Federation - bordering with northern outposts in southern Finland, Est - and Latvia , Lithuania and the Ukraine . In south-western Europe the deposits reach Albania , Bulgaria , the former Yugoslavia , Greece and Romania .

In Germany, the glossy meadow rue is occupied with scattered populations in south-east Bavaria , north-west and east Saxony as well as in the northern part of Saxony-Anhalt . Rare occurrences are known from central and eastern Brandenburg as well as eastern Lower Saxony . In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Thuringia the glossy meadow rue is considered to be extinct. In Austria the shiny meadow rue is represented in almost all federal states with a scattered or rare population density, only from Vorarlberg there are no finds. In the Pannonian area , the occurrences are considered endangered.

Locations

The Sick'sche Wiese in the Speyer floodplain forest , a river valley meadow

The shiny meadow rue is considered to be a river valley plant . A study related to Germany found that 55% to 70% of the occurrences are to be found in the area of floodplains . The glossy meadow rue has its main occurrence in wet, nutrient-rich flat moor meadows and base-rich wet to alternately moist meadows. Quarry and alluvial forests are among the minor occurrences.

Plant sociology

The Shining Meadow Rue is considered Kennart the Association meadowsweet - Hochstaudenfluren Filipendulion Seg. 1966 and has a main deposit in the Eutrophe Feuchtwiesen Calthion Tx associations. 1937 , wet pipe grass meadows Molinion caeruleae W. Koch 1926 and hardwood meadow forests Alno-Ulmion Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 .

Systematics

The first publication of Thalictrum lucidum L. was carried out in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 1, p 546. As a synonym for Thalictrum lucidum L. is Thalictrum angustifolium L.

Danger

Hardwood meadow

In spite of the declining development of the Central European occurrences, the glossy meadow rue is considered safe in the Central European area. According to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance , Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention, there is no protection status. In relation to Germany and Austria, the species is considered to be endangered, and a population threat is also assumed in Finland. The failure to flood floodplains is seen as the main cause of the endangerment of the populations.

swell

literature

  • Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora from Germany. Baseband . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-8274-1359-1 .
  • Gerhard K. Stinglwagner, Ilse E. Haseder, Reinhold Erlbeck: The cosmos forest and forest lexicon . 3rd edition Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10375-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Daniel Günther: Archaeobotany of the pile dwelling settlement Konstanz-Staad Hörlepark. Subsistence in the urnfield time . Grin-Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 978-3-640-36488-6 .
  • Dieter Heß : Systematic Biology Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8252-2673-5 ( UTB ; 2673).

Single references

  1. ↑ a b c d Info on the species at BiolFlor ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.ufz.de
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Exkursionsflora von Österreich , p. 265ff.
  3. ↑ Gerhard K. Stinglwagner, Ilse E. Haseder, Reinhold Erlbeck: Das Kosmos Wald- und Forstlexikon , p. 963
  4. ↑ a b c Profile of the species in the plant portal
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Profile on the species at Naturegate
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Info on the species at Floraweb
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Werner Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, basic volume , p. 131ff.
  8. ^ Daniel Günther: Archaeobotany of the pile dwelling settlement Konstanz-Staad Hörlepark , page 34.
  9. ↑ a b c Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, 20th edition 2011, page 309 f., ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3
  10. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 420.
  11. ↑ Dieter Hess: Systematic Biology , pp. 97, 136ff.
  12. ↑ The shiny meadow rue as a caterpillar forage plant Entry at FloraWeb
  13. ↑ Distribution of the type entry at Grin
  14. ↑ Study on river valley plants in Germany ( Memento from January 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ^ First publication by Linné scanned in at Biodiversitylibrary .
  16. ^ Synonyms of Thalictrum lucidum L. - Entry in GRIN.

Web links

Commons : Shiny meadow rue  - album with pictures, videos and audio files