Golden Warbler

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Golden Warbler
Golden warbler (Setophaga petechia)

Golden warbler ( Setophaga petechia )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Passeroidea
Family : Wood Warbler (Parulidae)
Genre : Wood Warbler ( Setophaga )
Type : Golden Warbler
Scientific name
Setophaga petechia
( Linnaeus , 1766)

The wood warbler ( Setophaga petechia ) is a small insectivorous bird from the genus of the wood warbler ( Setophaga ) in the family of the wood warbler (Parulidae).

features

Golden Warblers have a golden yellow plumage, which is streaked with maroon stripes on the male's chest. In the female the stripes are missing or they are not as pronounced as in the male. Subspecies of the golden warbler also have rust-colored stripes on their flanks. Species that are native to mangrove forests have a chestnut-colored crown on their heads. Overall, the female's plumage is duller. The top and the wing covers are yellow-green to olive-green. There are yellow dots on the ends of the tail feathers. Their thin, pointed beaks are gray. The body size is between ten and eighteen centimeters, depending on the subspecies.

nutrition

They feed mainly on insects that they peck from the leaves or catch in flight. Occasionally they also eat fruit .

Reproduction

Between May and June, three to six greyish to greenish white eggs covered with dark spots are hatched. For this purpose, a nest of bark, grass, hair and cobwebs is built on a tree in a fork of a branch or in a bush. The brown-headed cowbird ( Molothrus ater ) is a common brood parasite of the golden wood warbler .

Occurrence and threat

A gold warbler at its nest

There are a total of twelve subspecies that inhabit the West Indies and mainland America. The adaptable golden warbler usually breed in humid habitats with high insect populations, among others in North America , from Alaska and northern Canada to Mexico , where they inhabit the mangroves to the south. Other habitats are found on the edge of swamps, lakes, rivers, pastures, in gardens or on the edges of forests. In winter they migrate to the south of California and Florida to areas in Brazil , Bolivia and Peru . Subspecies also occur in the Greater Antilles , from Cuba , Puerto Rico , Jamaica and Hispaniola . One species occurs in the Galapagos Islands , another on Cocos Island . It is also a rare guest in Western Europe .

Of the twelve species, the Barbados warbler ( Setophaga petechia petechia ), whose habitat is on the island of Barbados, is particularly endangered by introduced predators and parasites and by the destruction of its habitats by tourism. There are only a few breeding pairs left of the Barbados Golden Warbler.

Subspecies

A golden warbler on Santiago Island (Galapagos)

Thirty-four subspecies are known:

  • Setophaga petechia oraria ( Parkes & Dickerman , 1967) - This subspecies is in the east of Mexico before
  • Setophaga petechia bryanti ( Ridgway , 1873) - This subspecies is distributed from southeastern Mexico to southern Nicaragua .
  • Setophaga petechia erithachorides ( Baird, SF , 1858) - This subspecies occurs from eastern Costa Rica to northern Colombia .
  • Setophaga petechia chrysendeta ( Wetmore , 1946) - The distribution area of ​​this subspecies extends from northeast Colombia to the extreme northeast of Venezuela .
  • Setophaga petechia paraguanae ( Phelps & Gilliard , 1941) - This subspecies occurs on the Paraguaná peninsula .
  • Setophaga petechia cienagae ( Zimmer, JT & Phelps , 1944) - This subspecies is found in the northwest and north of Venezuela and the adjacent islands.
  • Setophaga petechia castaneiceps ( Ridgway , 1885) - The subspecies is common in southern Baja California .
  • Setophaga petechia rhizophorae ( van Rossem , 1935) - This subspecies occurs in Sonora and Sinaloa .
  • Setophaga petechia phillipsi ( Browning , 1994) - This subspecies occurs in western Mexico as far as Honduras .
  • Setophaga petechia xanthotera ( Todd , 1924) - This subspecies is common in western Nicaragua and western Costa Rica .
  • Setophaga petechia aithocorys ( Olson , 1980) - This subspecies is common in southwest Panama and Coiba Island .
  • Setophaga petechia iguanae ( Olson , 1980) - This subspecies is found on the Iguana Island south of Panama.
  • Setophaga petechia aequatorialis ( Sundevall , 1869) - This subspecies is common in south-central Panama .
  • Setophaga petechia jubaris ( Olson , 1980) - The distribution area of ​​this subspecies extends from southeast Panama to western central Colombia.
  • Setophaga petechia peruviana ( Sundevall , 1869) - This subspecies is distributed from southwest Colombia to northwest Peru .
  • Setophaga petechia aureola ( Gould , 1839) - This subspecies occurs on the Coco and Galapagos Islands .
  • Setophaga petechia ruficapilla ( Gmelin, JF , 1789) - This subspecies occurs in Martinique .
  • Setophaga petechia rufivertex ( Ridgway , 1885) - This subspecies occurs on Cozumel .
  • Setophaga petechia armouri ( Greenway , 1933) - This subspecies is found on Providencia Island .
  • Setophaga petechia flavida ( Cory , 1887) - This subspecies is common on San Andrés Island .
  • Setophaga petechia eoa ( Gosse , 1847) - This subspecies is common in the Cayman Islands and Jamaica.
  • Setophaga petechia gundlachi ( Baird, SF , 1865) - The range of this subspecies is Florida Keys , Cuba and the associated Isla de la Juventud .
  • Setophaga petechia flaviceps ( Chapman , 1892) - This subspecies occurs in the Bahamas .
  • Setophaga petechia albicollis ( Gmelin, JF , 1789) - This subspecies is found on Hispaniola and the nearby islands.
  • Setophaga petechia chlora ( Browning , 1994) - This subspecies occurs on the Cayos Siete Hermanos .
  • Setophaga petechia solaris ( Wetmore , 1929) - This subspecies occurs on the Île de la Gonâve .
  • Setophaga petechia bartholemica ( Sundevall , 1869) - The range of this subspecies is Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands and the northern part of the Lesser Antilles .
  • Setophaga petechia melanoptera ( Lawrence , 1879) - This subspecies occurs in the central part of the Lesser Antilles.
  • Setophaga petechia babad ( Bond , 1927) - This subspecies occurs on St. Lucia .
  • Setophaga petechia petechia ( Linnaeus , 1766) - The nominate form occurs in Barbados .
  • Setophaga petechia alsiosa ( Peters, JL , 1926) - This subspecies occurs in the Grenadines .
  • Setophaga petechia rufopileata ( Ridgway , 1884) - The range of this subspecies is Aruba , the Netherlands Antilles and other islands north of Venezuela.
  • Setophaga petechia obscura ( Cory , 1909) - This subspecies occurs on Las Aves , Los Roques, and La Orchila .
  • Setophaga petechia aurifrons ( Phelps & Phelps Jr , 1950) - The range of this subspecies includes the northeast of Venezuela and the adjacent islands.

literature

  • Jon Curson, David Quinn, David Beadle: New World Warblers. Helm, London 1994, ISBN 0-7136-3932-6 .
  • Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . 12th edition. tape 1 . Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm 1766 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . tape 1 , no. 2 . Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1789 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James Bond: A New Golden Warbler From the Island of St. Lucia, BWI In: The Auk . tape 23 , no. 4 , 1927, pp. 571–572 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 115 kB ; accessed on April 3, 2015]).
  • Charles Barney Cory: Descriptions of Six Supposed New Species of Birds From the Islands of Old Providence and St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 3 , 1887, p. 177–180 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 139 kB ; accessed on April 3, 2015]).
  • Charles Barney Cory: The Birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea . In: Field Museum of Natural History Publication 137 (=  Ornithological Series ). tape 1 , no. 5 , 1909, pp. 193-255 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 4, 2015]).
  • Storrs Lovejoy Olson: Geographic Variation In The Yellow Warblers Dendroica-Petechia Parulidae Of The Pacific Coast Of Middle America And South America . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 93 , 1980, pp. 473-480 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 3, 2015]).
  • Marvin Ralph Browning: A Taxonomic Review Of Dendroica petechia (Yellow warbler) (Aves, Parulinae) . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 107 , 1997, pp. 27-51 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 3, 2015]).
  • Alexander Wetmore: Descriptions of four new forms of birds forms of birds from Hisponiola . In: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . tape 81 , no. 13 , 1929, pp. 1-4 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 4, 2015]).
  • Alexander Wetmore: New Forms of Birds from Panama and Colombia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 59 , 1946, pp. 49-54 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: On some new forms of American Birds . In: The American Naturalist, an Illustrated Magazine of Natural History . tape 7 , 1873, p. 602-619 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: On a collection of birds made by Messrs. JE Benedict and W. Nye, of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 7 , no. 420 , 1884, pp. 172-180 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: A review of the American “golden warblers” . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 8 , no. 522 , 1885, pp. 348-350 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: Description of Some New Species of Birds From Cozumel Island, Yucatan . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 3 , 1885, p. 21-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Walter Edmond Clyde Todd: Descriptions of eight new neotropical birds . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 37 , 1924, pp. 121-124 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Catalog of a collection of birds obtained in Guadeloupe for the Smithonian Institution by Mr. Fred. A. Upper . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 1 , no. 57 , 1879, pp. 449-462 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Adriaan Joseph van Rossem: The Mangrove Warbler of North-Western Mexico . In: Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History . tape 8 , no. 10 , 1935, pp. 67-68 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Carl Jakob Sundevall: Öfversigt af fogelslägeet Dendroeca . In: Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar . tape 26 , no. 6 , 1869, pp. 605-618 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James Lee Peters: A new race of the Golden Warbler from the West Indies . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 9 , 1926, pp. 41 .
  • James Cowan Greenway: A name for the Golden Warbler of Old Providence Island . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 13 , 1933, pp. 63-64 .
  • John Gould in Charles Darwin: The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, RN, during the years 1832-1836. Published with the Approval of The Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury . tape 3 , delivery 11. Smith, Elder & Co, London 1841 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Henry Phelps, William Henry Phelps Jr .: Lista de las aves de Venezuela con su distribución, Parte 2. Passeriforme . In: Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales . tape 12 , 1950, pp. 1-427 .
  • John Todd Zimmer , William Henry Phelps: New species and subspecies of birds from Venezuela . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1270 , 1944, pp. 1–16 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ; accessed on April 3, 2015]).
  • William Henry Phelps, Ernest Thomas Gilliard: Seventeen new birds from Venezuela . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1153 , 1941, pp. 1–18 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ; accessed on April 3, 2015]).
  • Philip Henry Gosse: The birds of Jamaica . J. Van Voorst, London 1847 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Kenneth Carroll Parkes, Robert William Dickerman: A new subspecies of Mangrove Warbler (Dendroica petechia) from México . In: Annals of the Carnegie Museum . tape 39 , no. 5 , 1967, p. 85-89 .
  • Spencer Fullerton Baird: Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean . tape 9 . AOP Nicholson, Washington 1858 ( quod.lib.umich.edu [accessed April 4, 2015]).
  • Spencer Fullerton Baird: Review of American birds, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution . In: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . No. 181 , 1864, pp. 199 ff . ( books.google.de ).
  • Frank Michler Chapman : Notes on birds and mammals observed near Trinidad, Cuba; with remarks on the origin of West Indian bird-life . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 4 , no. 16 , 1882, pp. 279-330 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 4.2 MB ; accessed on April 4, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Goldwaldsänger ( Setophaga petechia )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Single receipts

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List New World warblers & oropendolas
  2. ↑ Kenneth Carroll Parkes, p. 87.
  3. ^ Robert Ridgway (1873), p. 606.
  4. ^ Spencer Fullerton Baird (1858), p. 283.
  5. ↑ Alexander Wetmore (1946), p. 52.
  6. ^ William H. Phelps et al. a. (1941), p. 10.
  7. ↑ John Todd Zimmer et al. a., p. 14.
  8. ^ Robert Ridgway: A review of the American "golden warblers". 1885, p. 350.
  9. ^ Adriaan Joseph van Rossem, p. 67.
  10. ^ Marvin Ralph Browning, p. 45.
  11. ^ Walter Edmond Clyde Todd, p. 123.
  12. ^ Storrs Lovejoy Olson, p. 474.
  13. ^ Storrs Lovejoy Olson, p. 475.
  14. ^ A b Carl Jakob Sundevall, p. 609.
  15. ^ Storrs Lovejoy Olson, p. 478.
  16. ^ John Gould, p. 86, plate 28.
  17. ^ Johann Friedrich Gmelin, p. 971.
  18. ^ Robert Ridgway: Description of Some New Species of Birds From Cozumel Island, Yucatan. 1885, p. 21.
  19. ↑ James Cowan Greenway, p. 63.
  20. ^ Charles Barney Cory (1887), p. 179.
  21. ^ Philip Henry Gosse, p. 158.
  22. ^ Spencer Fullerton Baird (1865), pp. 194, 197.
  23. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 310.
  24. ^ Johann Friedrich Gmelin, p. 983.
  25. ^ Marvin Ralph Browning, p. 39.
  26. ↑ Alexander Wetmore (1929), p. 1.
  27. ^ Carl Jakob Sundevall, p. 607.
  28. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 453.
  29. ↑ James Bond, p. 571.
  30. ↑ Carl von Linné, p. 334.
  31. ↑ James Lee Peters, p. 41.
  32. ^ Robert Ridgway (1884), p. 173.
  33. ^ Charles Barney Cory (1909), p. 217.
  34. ^ William H. Phelps et al. a. (1950), p. 21.