Górzyca
| Górzyca | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Słubicki | ||
| Gmina : | Górzyca | ||
| Area : | 8.01 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 29 ′ N , 14 ° 39 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 1539 (2007) | ||
| Postal code : | 69-113 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 95 | ||
| License plate : | FSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 31 : Słubice - Kostrzyn nad Odrą - Stettin | ||
| Rail route : | PKP line 273: Breslau – Stettin | ||
| Next international airport : | Berlin Schoenefeld | ||
Górzyca [ guˈʒɨʦa ] ( German Göritz (Oder) ) is a village and seat of the rural community of the same name in the powiat Słubicki of the Polish Lubusz voivodeship .
Geographical location
The village is located on a hill on the right bank of the Oder between Frankfurt (Oder) and Küstrin . The neighboring community on the left bank of the Oder is Reitwein . Part of the former municipality, which lies to the left of the Oder, was separated in 1945, remained with Germany and is now part of Reitwein.
history
Early history
Around 1000 BC The area on both banks of the Oder was populated. The Bronze Age finds made during excavations in 1900 were the first evidence of a special type of Lusatian culture , for which the name Göritzer Group was coined.
middle Ages
There was an early Slavic castle near Göritz , which was destroyed in the late 10th century.
Until the beginning of the 14th century, Goricz was under Polish sovereignty, but the planned settlement of the 13th century was probably founded with German immigrants. In 1252 Goricz was first mentioned in the possession of the (Polish) diocese of Lebus . After its previous bishopric in Lebus, west of the Oder, came to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1249 with the former Polish-Silesian castellany Lebus (until 1248) , the seat of the Lebus bishops was moved to Goricz on the east bank shortly after 1276. In 1317 Brandenburg also appropriated the land owned by the Diocese of Lebus, which stretched from the Oder to the border of Greater Poland . In 1326, Margrave Ludwig I of Brandenburg had the episcopal castle and cathedral in Goricz destroyed in retaliation against Polish incursions into Neumark, which had been under construction since the second half of the 13th century. It was also the robbery of the offering box of the Lady Chapel. The conflict makes it clear that the Oder between the mouths of the Neisse and Warta was already the German-Polish border from 1248 to 1317.
An allegedly “miraculous” image of the Virgin made the place an important place of pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary from 1342 (1410) . Göritz was named a city for the last time in a document in 1346. However, Göritz never owned city fortifications. In 1413 the clerical monastery of Our Lady was founded , to which the village of Storkow (Starków) was assigned.
After the state-wide approval of the Reformation in the Margraviate of Brandenburg under Elector Joachim II in 1535, the demand for the removal of the image of the Virgin was loud. It was ordered on June 15, 1551 by Margrave Johann von Küstrin . During the execution, the chapel and its inventory were also destroyed by the Drossen citizens.
18th century
The place lived from agriculture and held cattle markets. After it was destroyed by fire in 1757, Göritz was rebuilt on a new floor plan. The Church of Our Lady was rebuilt in 1767 in its old location.
On August 11, 1758, Friedrich II set off on the way to the battle of Kunersdorf not far from Göritz across the Oder .
19th century
In 1808 Göritz was elevated to the status of a town, which had belonged to the district of Sternberg since 1818 and to the district of Weststernberg since its division from 1873 to 1945 . The city coat of arms was a bishop's hat.
With the completion of the railway line between Breslau and Stettin , the city received a railway connection in 1876. Lignite mining began in Göritz in the second half of the 19th century .
Since 1945
After the Second World War , the city was placed under Polish administration. The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line conquered by Poland after the First World War . The entire local population was evicted by the local Polish administration ; the later renamed Górzyca German village Göritz lost its town charter.
population
- 1700: approx. 500
- 1800: approx. 1,000
- 1850: approx. 2,000
local community
The rural community (Gmina wiejska) Górzyca has an area of 142.5 km² and about 4250 inhabitants.
Personalities
- Dariusz Muszer (* 1959), German-Polish writer.
literature
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, 1st edition, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 248-253 ( online ).
- W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 481-482.
- Eduard Ludwig Wedekind : Sternbergische Kreis-Chronik. History of the cities, towns, villages, colonies, castles etc. of this part of the country from the earliest past to the present . Zielenzig 1855, p. 210.
- Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 2 ( Oderland ) "The Oderbruch and its surroundings" - From Frankfurt to Schwedt
- Theodor Fontane: Before the Storm , 1878
Web links
- Municipality website (Polish)
- Local history website (German)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://gorzyca.bip.net.pl/?p=document&action=save&id=53&bar_id=62 Website of the municipal administration
- ↑ cf. Table sheet from 1952 with old borders on landkartenarchiv.de and current geodata Brandenburg
- ↑ a b "oppidum Goricz" in a document of the Margraves Waldemar and Johannes from 1317 in a list of the places of the ecclesia Lubusana, i.e. the diocese of Lebus (Christian Wilhelm Spieker: Church and Reformation History of the Mark Brandenburg, vol. 1 , Berlin 1839, p. 576 - Google Book Search)
- ^ Siegmund Wilhelm Wohlbrück : History of the former Diocese of Lebus and the country of this taking . Volume 1. Berlin 1829 p.87
- ↑ for the time from 1276 to 1325 see Christian Gahlbeck, Peter Neumeister: Göritz (Górzyca). Cathedral chapter of the Diocese of Lebus. In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann , Klaus Neitmann , Winfried Schich u. a. (Ed.): Brandenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century . Volume 1. Be.bra-Wissenschaft-Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 . Pp. 514-519.
- ↑ Described by Theodor Fontane : Theodor Fontane: Before the storm , 10th chapter
- ^ The district of Weststernberg and its communities ( Memento from October 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c d Eduard Ludwig Wedekind : Sternbergische Kreis-Chronik. History of the cities, towns, villages, colonies, castles etc. of this part of the country from the earliest past to the present . Zielenzig 1855, p. 210.
- ↑ For the complete expulsion of the inhabitants of the Neumark see Paweł Rutkowski (Ed.): Streifzüge between Oder and Drage. Encounter with the Neumark , German Cultural Forum, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-936168-44-0 , p. 14 f.
- ↑ Dr. Rademacher's German-Austrian local register 1871–1990 - Göritz (Oder)