Count of Calw

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Calw. It is also run in a modified form by the towns of Calw , Löwenstein and Vaihingen an der Enz .
Kalw and Hiersau on the southern edge of the Duchy of Franconia

The Counts of Calw (also: Counts of Kalw ) were a noble family from the High Middle Ages .

The Hirsau Monastery ( 830 ) and Sindelfingen Monastery ( 1083 ) as well as the cities of Calw, Vaihingen an der Enz and Löwenstein go back to the Counts of Calw and their ancestors .

In the 12th century the branch lines Calw-Löwenstein ( Grafschaft Löwenstein ) and Calw-Vaihingen split off; thereby the decline occurred due to the fragmentation of property. The three lines died out in the 13th and 14th centuries. The successors of ownership were mainly the Guelphs , the Counts of Württemberg and the Counts of Tübingen .

history

According to Hirsau tradition and memorial tradition, the earliest ancestors of the Counts of Calw were the founders of the first monastery in Hirsau (830), Bishop Noting von Vercelli and Erlafrid . They were from the family of the Erlafriede , who in the 8th and 9th centuries owned rich properties in the Ufgau , in today's Calw district and in the Bertoltsbaar , founded the Hirsau Monastery in 830/832 and a number of northern Italian bishops (including in Vercelli and Brescia ). At the beginning of the 10th century they mingled with a family descended from the Alemannic dukes and thus formed the family of the Counts of Calw. They were first mentioned in 1037.

The Counts of Calw descend in direct line from Emperor Charlemagne , since Eberhart I Count of Calw (* 775, † 811) married his fourteenth daughter Hiltrud (* 787, † after 814). From this marriage came Astulf Graf von Calw (* 805, † 899), Eberhard II. Graf von Calw (~ 840, ~ 913), Conrad I. Graf von Calw (875-938), Erlafried Graf von Calw (* 910) , Gerund von Calw (* 940), Adalbert I. Graf von Calw (970-1046) ∞ Adelheid von Egisheim , the parents of Adalbert II. Graf von Calw († 1099)

The Counts of Calw were a high aristocratic family (11th – 14th centuries) whose main property was in the Franconian-Swabian border region , in the Würm , Glems , Enz , Zaber , Murr and Schotzach gau with centers in Ingersheim , Löwenstein and Sindelfingen lay. The lands in Mingolsheim near Bruchsal are evidence of close ties to the Kraichgau in the Rhineland . Guardian bailiff rights over the monasteries Sindelfingen, Hirsau and Lorsch increased the power and prestige of the Calwers in the Salier period . Count Adalbert's participation in the Öhringer foundation letter of 1037 indicates a close relationship between the Calwers and the Salians , the Counts of Lauffen and the Wormsgau Counts . At the end of the 11th century, the Counts of Calw were among the first families of the empire (Adalbert II, grandson of a Count von Egisheim , ∞ Wiltrud, daughter of Duke Gottfried II the Bearded of Lorraine ) connubium and kinship with high ecclesiastical dignitaries . They were related by marriage to the reform popes Leo IX. and Stephan IX. , presumably also related to Popes Damasus II. and Viktor II. , who was perhaps even a brother of Count Adalbert II. Although Adalbert II leaned towards the papal party , his son Bruno was made Bishop of Metz by Emperor Heinrich IV in 1088 .

Since the middle of the 11th century, Count Adalbert II († 1099) moved his lordship from Sindelfingen , where the Counts of Calw apparently had their ancestral seat, to Calw (on the Nagold ). There he built Calw Castle around 1050 and tried to establish a closed clearing rule in the northern Black Forest . The establishment of numerous forest hoof villages goes back to him. In fulfillment of an urgent request from Pope Leo IX. from 1049 to 1059 he re-founded the Hirsau Benedictine monastery. In 1075, against the initial resistance of Adalbert II, it was given extensive freedom and could thus become the center of the far-reaching Hirsau reform .

With Count Gottfried II (* around 1060, † 1131), the son of Adalbert II and son-in-law of Berthold II of Zähringen, the power of the Counts of Calw reached its peak. Gottfried was one of the most important and most reliable supporters of Emperor Heinrich V and played a key role in the negotiations to settle the investiture dispute with Popes Paschalis II and Calixt II and at the conclusion of the Worms Concordat of 1122. It meant that Emperor Heinrich gave him a great increase in power V. 1113 transferred the Rhineland Palatinate County . Together with Duke Friedrich II , he acted as his governor in Germany during Henry V's stay in Italy. At that time they owned large areas of southwest Germany, especially in today's districts of Böblingen , Calw , Pforzheim and Ludwigsburg .

The marriage of Duke Welf VI. with Uta von Calw , heir daughter of Gottfried II, destroyed the Welfisch - Hohenstaufen equilibrium in Swabia. The dispute over the Calw inheritance after 1131 between Welf VI., Gottfried's nephew Adalbert IV. Von Calw-Löwenstein and Konrad von Zähringen ended with a compromise, but initiated the decline of the Counts of Calw. With Count Gottfried († before 1262) the Calw line died out; The main heirs were the Counts of Tübingen . The line Calw-Löwenstein expired after 1277; their property went through purchase to an illegitimate branch line of the Counts of Habsburg , the middle Counts of Löwenstein . Another branch called von Vaihingen had died out in the male line in March 1364; The Counts of Württemberg became heirs to the property .

coat of arms

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Calw in David Wolleber's Chorographia Württemberg, [Schorndorf] 1591

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Calw in Siebmacher's heraldic book from 1911

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Calw in Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1701

  • The coat of arms of the Counts of Calw is used in a modified form by the following cities:

Count of Calw

  • Adalbert I., mentioned 1046 / (49), Graf im Ufgau
  • Adalbert II. , † 1099, his son, 1075 Count of Calw
  • Adalbert III., 1075/94 attests, his son
  • Gottfried I , † 1131, brother of Adalbert III, Count of Calw, 1113/26 Count Palatine near the Rhine
  • Adalbert IV., † after 1147, son of Adalbert III., 1125 Count of Löwenstein, 1139/45 Count of Calw
  • Adalbert V., 1145/88 attested, son of Adalbert IV., 1152 Count of Calw, 1155 Count of Löwenstein
  • Berthold, brother of Adalbert V, Count von Calw in 1156, then Count von Löwenstein
  • Konrad I, brother of Berthold, Count von Calw, June 2, 1152 in the monastery of St. Peter in the Black Forest and 1174 Count von Löwenstein
  • Gottfried II, son of Adalbert V, 1189 Count of Vaihingen, 1209 Count of Calw, † 1234
  • Konrad II., Brother of Gottfried II., Count of Calw
  • Adalbert VI., Brother of Conrad II., † before 1219, Count of Calw
  • Gottfried III., † before 1262, probably son of Conrad II or Adalbert VI, Count of Calw

literature

Web links

Commons : Calw (Grafen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ LABW, HStA Stuttgart, A 602 No. 14113 LABW online
  2. ↑ 1232 gave Gottfried von Vaihingen and his nephew Gottfried von Calw to the Bishop of Speyer, Beringer von Entringen , their share in Öwisheim and asked him to leave it to Maulbronn Monastery . See WUB Volume III, No. 807, p. 302, WUB online and WUB Volume III, No. 809, p. 304. WUB online