Grafenwerth

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Grafenwerth
Aerial view of the Grafenwerth Island
Aerial view of the Grafenwerth Island
Waters Middle Rhine
Geographical location 50 ° 38 '20 "  N , 7 ° 12' 54"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 38 '20 "  N , 7 ° 12' 54"  E
Grafenwerth (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Grafenwerth
length 1.2 km
width 260 m
surface 31 ha
Residents uninhabited

The north bridge to the island ( Grafenwerther Bridge )

Grafenwerth (formerly also Grafenwerth ) is an island in the Rhine in Bad Honnef (river kilometer 642). It is located opposite the island of Nonnenwerth in the Honnef valley widening of the Middle Rhine . Geologically , it belongs to the younger lower terrace of the Rhine, the deposits of which essentially consist of gravel and sand. Much of the island is part of a 15 hectare park.

topography

Two bridges Graf Werther bridge (1912) in the north and the Berck-Sur-Mer Bridge (1977) in the south and two separating dams and groynes in the island and at its southern end, lead across the island from the mainland separated bayou . The southern dam extends as far as the Lohfelder ferry. At a certain water level, the dams are flooded. In the north-west of the island there are several jetties and there is also a restaurant from 1950 with a beer garden . Large parts of the island offer a good view of the Siebengebirge and especially the Drachenfels .

The "Aalschokker Aranka" in front of the island with a view of the Drachenfels

In front of the Grafenwerther Bridge in the north, next to a marina on the Honnef bank in the middle of the oxbow lake, the "Aalschokker Aranka", built in 1917 and one of the last Aalschokker on the Rhine, is anchored . It was in use until 1990 and is a listed building . In 1989 the ship was bought and restored by the North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation . The Aalschokker, with the yacht harbor to the east and the Drachenfels in the background, is a popular photo motif and a landmark of Bad Honnef.

Grafenwerth from Rolandsbogen seen from

The area of ​​the Bad Honnef open- air swimming pool extends over the southern part of the island and can be reached directly via the Berck-sur-Mer bridge. Immediately to the south there are several tennis courts from 1953.

history

Grafenwerth belonged to the foundation property in 1341 by Heinrich von Löwenburg donated Sacrament Chapel Domus Dei (burnt 1689), on in the Göttchesplatz Honschaft Bondorf . From 1566 the island was owned by the Bergisch Duke .

Grafenwerth and Nonnenwerth islands (1796)

In 1790 (after preparatory work from 1788), work began on separating the branch of the Rhine at the southern tip of the island from the middle stream, thereby turning it into an oxbow lake. The reason for this was the increasing deepening and widening of the eastern arm at the expense of the middle one, which had led to severe breaks on the Honnef Ufer. At that time, only two thirds of the flow rate of the eastern one flowed through the middle stream arm, formerly also called Gotteshülf . Two barriers were built in the eastern arm in 1791, including one at the middle of the island. After these barriers, the depth increased in the middle arm, while it decreased in the right arm. When the barriers were partially destroyed by 1804, there was a new barrier at the southern tip of the island with an opening of 100 m in September 1817. But when this was not sufficient to protect the bank, it was finally completed in 1835/36 with heavy stone dams made of basalt ashlars. In 1855/56 a second barrier with a 3.3 m wide crown was built at the middle of the island. The straightening station at the lower end of Grafenwerth and the six groyne heads on the middle arm of the river were built in 1865.

In the 1850s, the Prussian Rhine River Construction Administration planned to convert the oxbow lake into a flood-proof protective harbor. Because the rising water pressure would have washed away the island of Nonnenwerth, the plans were abandoned and a protective harbor was built in Oberwinter instead .

Outdoor swimming pool on the island of Grafenwerth
Grafenwerth, outdoor swimming pool, aerial photo (2015)

Before the island got its current name at the beginning of the 19th century , it was called Insel Graff , Groff or de Jroof . This is interpreted as the Galloceltic name for sandbank . Until 1650, the term Mittelwerth was also in use, which indicates the earlier existence of a third Rhine island near Bad Honnef at the height of or on the present-day area of Lohfeld , thus also indicating a fourth branch of the Rhine in the so-called Nonnenwerther current splitting. The island was then owned by the sovereign, the Duke of Berg , who leased it. Previously it was used for pasture cultivation, at the latest by the middle of the 17th century, fields and meadow cultivation were used. Long-term tenants in the ducal era were the von Schoenebeck and Frantz families , who sublet them. In 1815 the island came into the possession of the Prussian State and was leased to Johann Römlinghoven for six years. The Rechmann family were tenants from 1831 to 1875. She went over to setting up a coffee shop, which was supported by the state through the demolition of the old dairy building in 1872 and a new building in 1875/76 in the Swiss style .

The island became a destination for excursions. A weekend boat trip was a popular pastime for the Honnefers back then. In 1885 Grafenwerth was designated as a residential area for the city of Honnef with one building and seven residents. In 1889, Honnef, along with Königswinter and other places on the Rhine, with Grafenwerth as the location, applied for the planned Kaiser Wilhelm monument on the Rhine, which was ultimately erected at the Deutsches Eck in Koblenz . From January 1900 there was a ferry connection to Honnef. In 1902 Grafenwerth had "important" visitors: the Queen of Sweden. At Pentecost 1906, a newly built, light-flooded hall extension of the coffee shop with 200 seats was opened. The establishment of a dock for the Cologne-Düsseldorfer Dampfschifffahrtsgesellschaft on the river side at the lower end of Grafenwerth including the bank reinforcement and access routes financed by the city in 1908 (official opening on May 24th) and the opening of the first mainland connection on April 15, 1912, both going back to a plan of the Aachen university professor Karl Henrici , further promoted the excursion traffic. In the spring of 1911, an open-air theater was also built. On April 12, 1921, the city of Bad Honnef acquired the island from the Prussian state for 300,000 marks .

From 1936 to 1938 a mineral spring was drilled near the bridge and the then mineral open-air swimming pool - opened on July 17, 1938 - was built, making the city a recognized spa in the same year. In 1948, the spa and source were taken over by Bad Honnef AG , which in 1950 had the Rheincafé with shipping agency built as part of the spa according to plans by the architect Fritz Wolfgarten . In 1954 the city sold the landing stage to the Cologne-Düsseldorf Rhine shipping company . 1962 to 1963 the outdoor pool was moved to its current location. The source house has been preserved; The mineral water was used for bathing and drinking cures due to its therapeutic effects until the spa clinics were closed in 1985. In the 1960s, the once extensive restaurant buildings ("Inselgasthof") were demolished along with the old outdoor pool. The southern bridge structure (Berck-sur-Mer-Brücke) created a direct connection to the island swimming pool in 1977. From 1992 to 2002 dressage riding events took place on the island of Grafenwerth . In 2000 the swimming pool, which depending on the weather has 50,000 to 100,000 visitors per year, was completely modernized and rebuilt.

In November 2017, a funding decision for almost two million euros from an urban development program of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia to upgrade the landscape park on Grafenwerth Island was approved.

Events

literature

  • Ursel and Jürgen Zänker: Building in Bonn room 49–69. Attempt to take stock . In: Landschaftsverband Rheinland (Hrsg.): Art and antiquity on the Rhine . Guide to the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn . No. 21 . Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1969, p. 191 .

Footnotes

  1. ^ Geological State Office North Rhine-Westphalia (ed.); Gangolf Knapp, Klaus Vieten: Geological map of North Rhine-Westphalia 1: 25,000. Explanations for sheet 5309 Königswinter . 3rd, revised edition, Krefeld 1995, p. 42.
  2. ↑ Helmut Arntz (with the assistance of Adolf Nekum ): Urkataster und Gewannen: using the example of the community of Honnef 1824/1826 (= Heimat- und Geschichtsverein "Herrschaft Löwenburg" eV : studies on the local history of the city of Bad Honnef am Rhein , issue 13, Bad Honnef 2000; Society for the History of Wine eV : Writings on Wine History , ISSN  0302-0967 , No. 133, Wiesbaden 2000). Pp. 67, 171.
  3. ↑ a b c J [ohann] J [oseph] Brungs : The city of Honnef and its history . Publishing house of the St. Sebastianus Schützenverein, Honnef 1925 (reprinted 1978 by Löwenburg-Verlag, Bad Honnef).
  4. ^ Frieder Berres: The regulation of the Rhine on the Bad Honnef – Königswinter section of the river . In: Yearbook of the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 1996 , ISSN  0932-0377 , Rheinlandia Verlag Klaus Walterscheid, Siegburg 1995, ISBN 3-925551-94-8 , pp. 60–74 (here: p. 64)
  5. ^ Robert Jasmund: The work of the Rheinstrom-Bauverwaltung 1851-1900 . Hall aS 1900, pp. 102–105 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
  6. ↑ Bernd Blumenthal: From Rheinort to Hafenort. The history of the construction of the Oberwinterer Schutzhafen . In: Homeland yearbook of the Ahrweiler district 1992 .
  7. ^ Christian Helfer: Position features of the gallows place on the lower Middle Rhine . In: Karl Meisen (Hrsg.): Rheinisches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde , Ferd. Dümmler Verlag, 13th and 14th year, Bonn 1963, p. 47
  8. ^ A b c d e Karl Josef Klöhs: Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge . Edition Loge 7, Königswinter 2003, ISBN 3-00-012113-7 , p. 108, 130 .
  9. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia , Volume XII Provinz Rheinland, Verlag des Königlich Statistischen Bureaus (Ed.), 1888, page 115
  10. ^ A b Karl Günter Werber : A "German Corner" on the Siebengebirge? History and stories from the island of Grafenwerth . In: Yearbook of the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis , year 1993, Siegburg 1992, ISBN 3-925551-41-7 , pp. 63-69.
  11. ^ State Conservator Rhineland: Bad Honnef - Urban Development and Urban Structure. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7927-0414-5 , p. 20.
  12. ^ Karl Günter Werber : Honnefer walks . 2nd revised edition. Verlag Buchhandlung Werber, Bad Honnef 2002, ISBN 3-8311-2913-4 , p. 92 .
  13. ↑ Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Rhöndorf (ed.); August Haag : Pictures from the past of Honnef and Rhöndorf . Complete production JP Bachem, Cologne 1954, p. 114.
  14. ^ Renate Mahnke: Garden in the Rhine . In: Homeland and history association “Herrschaft Löwenburg” eV: 150 years of the city of Bad Honnef . Edition Blattwelt, Niederhofen 2012, ISBN 978-3-936256-50-5 , pp. 359–369 (here: p. 358).
  15. ^ Greven's address book of the Sieg-Kreis 1955/1956 , Greven's address book publishing house, Cologne 1955. ( online )
  16. ↑ Bad Honnef is applying for funding for Grafenwerth , General-Anzeiger , October 22, 2017
  17. ↑ Two million euros for the future of Grafenwerth Island , General-Anzeiger , November 21, 2017

See also

Web links

Commons : Grafenwerth  - Collection of Images