Big river Dieck

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Big river Dieck
The wooded course between Quelle and Oldendorfer Switzerland

The wooded course between Quelle and Oldendorfer Switzerland

Data
Water code EN : 4762
location District of Minden-Lübbecke , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
River system Weser
Drain over Great Aue  → Weser  → North Sea
source In Preussisch Oldendorf
52 ° 17 ′ 7 ″  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 51 ″  E
Source height 142  m above sea level NN
muzzle In Prussian Ströhen near the border with Lower Saxony Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '20 "  N , 8 ° 39' 22"  E 52 ° 30 '20 "  N , 8 ° 39' 22"  E
Mouth height 37  m above sea level NN
Height difference 105 m
Bottom slope 2.8 ‰
length 37.6 km
Catchment area 179.498 km²
Left tributaries Hollwedener Graben, Fehrnwiesen Graben, Tielger Bruchgraben
Right tributaries Buschmannsorter Graben, Twiehauser Bach, Kleiner Dieckfluss
Small towns Prussian Oldendorf , Rahden
Communities Stemwede
The Great Dieck River between Oldendorfer Switzerland and Quelle
Geode of the Upper Jura (Malm) from the brook system of the Oldendorfer Mühlbach

The 38 km long flowing water that emerges from the Balkenkamp watershed in the town of Preußisch Oldendorf is called the Great Dieck River . As Gr. Diek Fl. it is called around the middle of the 19th century on the northern border of the old district of Lübbecke , before the Kl. Diek Fl. joins, and both together as Gr. Diek flow into the Gr. Aue .

The Große Dieckfluss is a left tributary of the Große Aue , a left tributary of the Weser , and is fed by the Wiehengebirge , from the lowlands of the western Minden-Lübbecke district in northern North Rhine-Westphalia and from the southeast slope of the Stemweder Berg .

Upper course

As the upper reaches of the Great Dieck River, the route is at a good 50  m above sea level until it enters the plain . NN north of Engershausen viewed.

Coming from the Oldendorfer Berge des Wiehen , the brook has the Wittlager Loessvorland, cf. Lübbecker Loessland , crosses and enters the midst of Engershausen in the Alswede lowlands and thus in the North German lowlands .

Headwaters

The source of the Großer Dieckfluss on the Barkenkamp is located in the Limberg and Offelter Berg nature reserve at a source height of 140  m above sea level. NN close down on the way from Offelten and the core town Preußisch Oldendorf over the deforested ridge Balkenkamp into the Eggetal with a branch to the Limberg .

Not far to the east is the headwaters of the Landwehrbach, to the south the (Börninghauser) Mühlenbach runs along the Eggetal. Both belong to the catchment area of ​​the Große Aue.

In the north, the ridge separates Offelter Berg 178  m above sea level. NN - Brümmel against the catchment area of ​​the Offelter Bach, which drains northeast of Gut Groß-Engershausen into the Great Dieck River.

Oldendorfer Switzerland

The Great Dieck River meanders through wooded area and enters the open area of ​​Oldendorfer Switzerland above the forest swimming pool , previously temporarily supplied fresh water for fish ponds and was used to feed the forest swimming pool until the 1950s, Lage .

For the first time in its course, the stream was relocated higher up the slope. The forest swimming pool, which was already very comfortable at that time, replaced the bathing establishment, which was built not far below the source of the "Bodenbach" and fed by it. This bathing establishment on the corner of Ziegeleistraße / Am Bodenbach had to give way to the air tank farm soon after 1940 , the construction of which was decided at the end of 1939. The Bodenbach flows through Harlinghausen and lies in the catchment area of ​​the Hunte and is called Schröttinghauser , then Heithöfer Bach.

There is a significant inflow to the Großer Dieck when entering the Hegge through the left tributary Eggebach . This rises about 140  m high near the Old Peace before the steep ascent to the elongated Egge at 198  m above sea level. NN and close to the watershed to the catchment area of the Hunte , in which the area around the former lug of the mines on grounds of Bauer shaft dewatered Harlinghausen.

Between Großem Dieck am Balkenkamp and the Eggebach near the watershed in the west, there are numerous other springs lined up close to the northern slope of the Egge. The entire source area drains through the gate to Oldendorfer Switzerland .

At the gate to Oldendorfer Switzerland. View over Steinmanns Wiese to Bergstrasse (1957)

Traffic arteries

The Eggebach leads today's mountain road from Oldendorf into the Eggetal to the steep ascent of the Egge; then this driveway leans against the north slope until it sinks to the bottom of the valley at the breakthrough , an emergency work from around 1926, which Egge on Harlinghauser Grund can pass, and bordering Lower Saxony .

In earlier times, up to the 1920s, two other streams fed from the Egge to the Great Dieck River provided traffic between Eininghausen and Börninghausen and the Oldendorf town center. The Eininghauser Weg and Börninghauser Weg took the direct route over the Egge, following the streams between Großem Dieck and Eggebach as far as possible .

Gate to Oldendorfer Switzerland

The paths to Börninghausen and Eininghausen meet at the southern end of the Hegge , where the four mentioned brooks meet. At the northern end of the Hegge, Aufm Brümmel and Baben Oldendorf , today Linken Berg , come so close that a step in the terrain made it possible to build a mill. Among other things, the tree-lined straight course of the Großer Dieck in the area of ​​the 200 m long Hegge points to a - for another time - artificially created slope-side course, which provides the necessary height difference to feed a mill. For this purpose, earth was apparently excavated east to the right of the Dieck. The steep path east of the Hegge, which was previously paved with quarry stones, bypasses this formerly shallow, at least impassable valley cut. To the west, the more recent residential street is called In der Hegge , a housing estate was built in the formerly shallow Steinmanns Wiese .

Here in Ober Oldendorf , the Great Dieck River has divided the Oldendorfer foothills into Brümmel and Linken and created the “gate to Oldendorfer Switzerland”, provided that this hollow in the deposits of the Middle Dogger did not originate here from retrograde erosion. Where the narrowness opens to the north, the site of Heinrich in dem Doven Diech, later Daubendiek, Oldendorf No. 30, can be assumed, today Haus des Gastes . The associated Wilken Kotten of this site, which is located almost 100 m further north and also demolished, is shown.

Outcrop of the Linken-Berg seen from the west; the former quarry may illustrate the geological conditions for the formation of the gateway to Oldendorf Switzerland .
Flood around the Mühlbach for the oil mill on Bergstrasse, here in 1960 after heavy rain with a view of the mill
View over the flood to Wilken Kotten, elms lined the mountain road
Pond of the oil mill with osier in front of the Brümmel in winter 1957/58

Watermills and other uses

The water mill in Ober Oldendorf was known as the uppermost mill, later under the name Haaken Mühle; it was a grain, oil and boke mill. Because of the limited productivity of the stream, a steam engine was installed before 1880; a sawmill was also operated. Heinrich Haake owned the mill around 1901 and built a larger facility for generating electricity. Residents of Linkenstrasse, now Bergstrasse, received electricity, including what was then the Pollertshof rescue center from 1902.

A few hundred meters away, the area was again suitable for the construction of an overshot water mill . It used to be known as an oil mill and was still in operation in the 1950s as a grain mill - Krögers Mühle. Around 1900, chicories for substitute coffee were roasted, ground, packed in bags and sold as bags . Again the brook was moved higher up the eastern slope; so the necessary height of fall was achieved. Extensive earth movements had to be accepted for this mill and its pond directly in front of the mill wheel. Steep slopes in the area between the mills still indicate this. The depressions resulting from such relocations were filled and leveled, in this case an open trench was dug on their west side on the slope along the left, later mountain road. In the case of repairs to the mill wheel or a flood of rain, it served as a flood for the Großer Dieck. Between these two mills, the brook was built over in the area of ​​the former Oldendorf No. 30 site, the site of the current “Haus des Gastes”.

Below the oil mill, the oldest settlement area in Oldendorf begins with the farms lined up on the Großer Dieck, starting with the former site of Pollert, Oldendorf No. 1, since the middle of the 19th century initially the rescue house and now the Pollertshof diaconal facility. Where the river leaves the Black Quarter, another mill could be built: Köllings Mühle, called Mittelste or Oldendorfer Mühle in the 19th century.

Before he crosses the reel road, Muhlbach led in the 18th to enter the 19th century. Mikvah , the ritual immersion of the Jewish inhabitants Oldendorf and foreign Jews what is necessary to living water to. In the further course he fed the pond of the fourth and last water mill, the lowest or "Conradis" mill. The Dieck River then ran east of the Oldendorfer Church along a row of buildings and the road to Engershausen and through this peasantry to the Groß-Engershausen estate. 1704 says about the four Oldendorfer water mills:

"A small stream drives these 4 mills out of the mountain."

Small damming of the Dieck - the brook, as they said - made it possible to wash clothes or to obtain irrigation water for gardens. When there was frost, Kröger's mill pond was used for ice-skating and for driving on floes in the thaw. Even the forest swimming pool could be used for ice skating and ice hockey in the 1950s; because the basin was finally no longer emptied in winter in order to counteract the external pressure from groundwater.

The described course is now largely bypassed between the oil mill and the Groß-Engershausen estate by an artificially created watercourse east of Oldendorf and Engershausen. The street name Am Bache marks the earlier course through the Black Quarter, the name of which in turn refers to the devastating fire of 1820. Even the nearby stream could not contain it because of the very dense development; Because of its important fire fighting function, The Bache is sometimes called Brandbach . The path leading along the stream past the forest swimming pool into the forest could bear the name Brandweg , which is occasionally to be found here .

Starting in the middle of Oldendorf, the stream also had to take up sewage to a considerable extent as it ran through the city. Dye works and tanneries were significantly or unbearably involved.

Course in the lowlands

A typical middle course or lower course cannot be seen. The Great Dieck River often has a deep unit profile with directly adjacent agricultural use. The water flow can be regulated by weirs, cf. Melioration . The 33 km from Engershausen to the confluence with the Große Aue account for a 13 m difference in altitude.

Enger Hausen the Great Dieck reaches the North German Plain at the level of a good 50 meters further it runs east of the site in the Old pond located between the water castles Good wholesale Passenger Hausen and Castle Hüffe . To the northeast of the Groß-Engershausen estate, the river absorbed the treated wastewater from Oldendorf and Engershausen until 1993. In the Tegelland area to the west, the river left deposits that were used for brick production for several decades from 1864 until the camp was exhausted. In 1904, the steam brick factory had to be founded at the foot of the Linke Berg. When the slate clay at the local quarry was also exhausted in 1937, the clay pit on Bergstrasse above Oldendorfer Switzerland was exploited and the clay was transported by cable car.

Influence of the moated castles

Before the Great Dieck under the Mittelland Canal with its dewatering at 50.3  m above sea level. NN is passed through it, it receives an inflow from the Hüffer Bach, which runs close to the castle moat. According to a plan by Knippenberg from 1783, “before times”, Hüffe Castle had a water mill on the old brook. This is apparently the Große Dieck as the forerunner of today's Hüffer Bach. This Huffer pier is already mentioned in the Minden Lehnsregister around 1350 . Given the small gradient available, their decline will not have been prevented. The Hollwinkler Mühle on Hollwinkler Holz, located on a comparable site, is part of Hollwinkel Castle , and it is also an abandoned mill on the river Große Aue, which is much more productive.

Water system. Because of the small differences in height Big Dieck and Great Aue must be historically considered as a unit, perhaps with water right was fitted, see. about bifurcation . The earliest plan of the area between Hüffe and Hollwinkel from the second half of the 16th century. allows the interpretation that for the operation of the Hüffer watermill the underwater of the - no longer completely preserved - flood of the Große Aue Die Neue dug current for the Offelter Königsmühle was tapped through the water "Der Horsteke Bach" on the Spreckenhorst, its location near the The southern tip of Hüffer Park can be seen more precisely from a map from 1829.

This plan contains two more watercourses to the south. Except for the operation of the mill, the inflow to the ponds and for the significant, sufficient dewatering of the Hüffer castle moat had to be ensured anyway; Colonel Christoph von Wrisberg married Hüffe in 1554 and had it re-fortified after 1555 before this plan was drawn up. That may have been connected with the laying of streams; Wrisberg built a post mill in the Oldendorfer Mark to the west of the castle. The plan with essential reference to Hüffe from the second half of the 16th century. only the mills to the east of Hüffes are included.

The Ertbrandt in the catchment area of ​​Dieck belongs to Hüffe in this plan . A designation like the brand could refer to another place for brick burning .

With a slight gradient, the river has a height of 47.5  m above sea level. NN east and north of Getmold also suitable clay for the burning of masonry bricks deposited. In the years 1861 to 1864 three Getmolder Colone built field fires . The first foundation existed until after 1880; Another rather abundant deposit in this area was exploited by another brickworks in 1905 for wall and roof tiles.

In the detour to the Great Aue

The Große Dieck swings out in a wide arc to the west, finds its way through the Geest and Layer Ridge hills, runs around the elevation of the village of Levern , reaches the Dümmer Nature Park , avoids the Sundern Hills, which are a significant 75.9  m above sea level . NN and offers itself in this way to a large area around 40  m above sea level. NN for drainage. The Leverner hill has with 67.9  m above sea level. NN is the height of the Great Dieck in Ober Oldendorf at the "uppermost mill" or oil mill. Once again, terms such as Lever Teich, Vorm and Hinterm Teiche with the nature reserve Lever Teich-Lever Bruch appear in the area. In the 18th century the location Diekriede or "von der Diekriede" was used for farms south of Levern. "Until the 19th century, the Große Dieck was simply called» Aue «." This author also uses the term Lohnbach in Lever Teich . - Many names of corridors still point to the previously very humid lowland zone. The name Liverun for Levern, mentioned in the 10th century, refers to the spongy structure of the liver : Old Frisian: livere, Anglo-Saxon: lifer, English: liver.

Looking upstream, in Oldendorfer Bruche and Im alten Bruche , the border between the town of Preussisch Oldendorf and the municipality of Stemwede follows the artificial river course. The term "canal" to be found here for the body of water indicates the straightening for a flood-free runoff, a measure that determines the further course of the Großer Dieck, cf. Renaturation of the Great Aue . In the Bruche river flows through the Buschmannsorter Graben.

The names of the terrain indicate the previously impenetrable lowlands; to the south, the Niederheide separates that of the Großer Dieck from that of the Heithöfer Bach. Across the Niederheide is a medieval Landwehr the jumps yet made on the map of 1837 indicated that the trade and border control between county Ravensberg and Diocese of Osnabrück served.

After the Hollwedener Graben flows into the Große Dieck from the west, it turns significantly to the northeast and stays away from the Stemweder Berg. From here, the Fehrnwiesen Graben accompanies the Dieck for 7 km on its north side, including streams from the Stemweder Berg, before it joins the Fehrnwiesen. After the waters of the Twiehauser Graben and Kleiner Dieck River flowing in from the right, the Tielger Bruchgraben flows from the left, which is of considerable importance for dewatering in the Oppenweher Moor . Then the Great Dieck River flows into Prussian Ströhen near Börstel at 37  m above sea level. NN in the Great Aue; before that, it passes under the federal highway 239 and the Bünde – Bassum railway line . The Karlsmoor nature reserve is located east of the main road between the two rivers.

Historical note: In the topographical map series of von Le Coq , the Great Dieck River is referred to twice in the map Section IX of 1805 (west of Niedermehnen and before it flows into the Great Aue) as "the small floodplain". Today's Kleine Aue is called "the New Canal" in the edition east of Rahden .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b German basic map 1: 5000
  2. ↑ a b Water directory of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection North Rhine-Westphalia (PDF, 1 MB)
  3. ↑ a b c d e Topographic map of Rhineland and Westphalia 1841–1858.
  4. ↑ a b Hubertus Braun in: Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (Ed.) Offelten - Portrait of a village in the Mindener Land at the turn of the 20th to the 21st century. Münster 2002. ISSN  1617-8270 .
  5. ↑ a b Officially designated "NN"
  6. ↑ Annemarie Becker, Offelten. Village and field development in the Lübbeck loess foreland. Minden contributions 15 Minden: Minden Historical Society in 1977. The author has in -floor book found from 1827 (State Archives Detmold) "on uneven terrain with original or still existing forests may be easy" place names: Hegge Acker, lower Hegge, between the Hegge, top Hegge, dirt -Hegge. After Hermann Jellinghaus, Westphalian grammar. The sounds and inflections of the Ravensberg dialect. Bremen: Kühtmann 1877, p. 9, 74, means hegge in dialect a field or forest border consisting of bushes. Cornelia Kneppe, Landwehrbau and regional authority in the Limberg office. In: Association for the preservation of the castle ruins Limberg eV, Preußisch Oldendorf [ed.]: The Limberg Castle. Center of a region. Preußisch Oldendorf: Kölle-Druck 2007, 94–114. The author knows Hegge in connection with Landwehr , p. 107 f.
  7. ↑ a b The river name Dieck from "dik" is connected to it via the root pond . Dov can point to deaf , but also to water: The Heinrich baptized sits in the 16th century on the place Im Doven Diech in Ober Oldendorf. Franz Herberhold, The Urbar of Grafschaft Ravensberg from 1556. Münster: Aschendorff 1960, p. 582.
  8. ^ Dieter Besserer: Contributions to the history of mills in the city of Preußisch Oldendorf. Uhle & Kleimann, Lübbecke 1982.
  9. ^ Ulrich Rottschäfer: Awakening and Diakonie in Minden-Ravensberg. The Pollertshof rescue center 1851–1930. Minden History Association, Minden 1987.
  10. ↑ Ms. Wilh. Buckesfeld: On Wichern's paths. How and where Brother Gotthold learned about mission, fell in love with it and dedicated himself to it. Lenz, Leipzig 1934.
  11. ^ Ulrich Rottschäfer: Awakening and Diakonie in Minden-Ravensberg. P. 30. To generate income, the Pollertshof rescue house glued bags for the Lübbecke paper mill.
  12. ↑ This was also done with rubble, which at that time consisted largely of ashes from house fires and organic waste.
  13. ↑ Dieter Besserer: Jewish life in the city of Preußisch Oldendorf. Kölle-Druck, Preußisch Oldendorf 2014, ISBN 978-3-00-047532-0 , pp. 284, 310.
  14. ↑ St.A. Münster: War and Domain Chamber Minden. No. 2683, Urbarium of the Limberg District, Vogtei Oldendorff. (1704), p. 6.
  15. ↑ Dieter Besserer: Jewish life in the city of Preußisch Oldendorf. Kölle-Druck, Preußisch Oldendorf 2014, ISBN 978-3-00-047532-0 , pp. 227, 238, s. also 346, 355 f.
  16. ^ Rolf Momburg: Brickworks everywhere. The development of the brickworks in Minden-Lübbecker Land and in the adjacent neighborhood. Series: Mindener Posts. 28. Mindener Geschichtsverein, Minden 2000, p. 150 f. The author also reports that in 1870 Farmer Quade from Harlinghausen received a permit for a brick factory on his property in Oldendorfer Switzerland; In 1880 four people were employed.
  17. ↑ Dieter Besserer in: Heimatverein "Singgemeinde" Lashorst (ed.): 770 years of Hüffe-Lashorst. History and stories from our village on the Mittelland Canal. Kölle-Druck Preußisch Oldendorf 2001, ISBN 3-00-008219-0 , p. 87. According to the baptismal register of the Ksp. Oldendorf had a daughter baptized on May 14, 1752 by “the water miller on the hip”; Godmother is the wife of the landlord Fincke von der Hüffe (Mr. at Klein-Engershausen).
  18. ↑ a b c Dieter Besserer: Six noble looters raided the manor. In: Neue Westfälische, April 12, 1990.
  19. ↑ a b Dieter Besserer in: 770 years of Hüffe-Lashorst. P. 68 f. Colored plan drawn up between 1566 and 1570, Münster State Archives.
  20. ^ Heimatverein "Singgemeinde" Lashorst (ed.): 770 years of Hüffe-Lashorst. Intent, overview hand sketch of the municipality of Alswede. Recorded in 1825.
  21. ↑ Dieter Besserer in: 770 years of Hüffe-Lashorst. P. 68 f. Two watercourses run in front of them ... to the brook is big and flgrhot (flow) Inn the Marcke and after the hip. An overflow from the Große Aue to the Großer Dieck will be meant. The author himself mentions Hüffe's attempts since 1556 to use the Oldendorfer Mühlbach, the Engelßbecke perhaps from Angelbeke , p. 35. Moated castles and mills on streams that arise on the north side of the Wiehen suffer from the lower annual rainfall in the lee of the mountains . Due to the backward erosion through the harrows, the Große Aue and Hunte are also much more productive for this reason.
  22. ↑ Dieter Besserer: Raids and property disputes over the Hüffe manor once occupied the Reich Chamber of Commerce. In: New Westphalian. dated December 27, 1986.
  23. ↑ H. Jellinghaus: The Westphalian place names according to their basic words. Schöningh, Osnabrück 1923. Third edition, p. 35.
  24. ↑ Dorfgemeinschaft Getmold (ed.): Getmold - 775 years - history and stories from our village from the first mention to the present. Kölle-Druck, Preußisch Oldendorf 2003, ISBN 3-00-012811-5 .
  25. ^ Wilhelm Müller-Wille: Westphalia. Landscape order and binding of a country. Münster: Aschendorff 1952, p. 41.
  26. ↑ In the Prussian first recording 1: 25,000 from 1837 (sheet 3616 Preußisch Oldendorf) the river northwest of Levern Abbey is known as Loh Bach .
  27. ↑ a b Hans Nordsiek: The first documentary mention of Levern. In: The municipalities of the Levern office in the year of the 1000th anniversary in 1969 (Ed.): A thousand years of Levern - contributions to its history. Minden: Bruns 1969, pp. 9-19, especially p. 18.
  28. ↑ Hans Nordsiek: The first mention Leverns. In: The municipalities of the Levern office in the year of the 1000th anniversary in 1969 (Ed.): A thousand years of Levern - contributions to its history. Minden: Bruns 1969, annex: overview map of the settlement history.
  29. ↑ Cornelia Kneppe: Landwehrbau and sovereignty in the Limberg office. In: Association for the Preservation of the Limberg Castle Ruins e. V., Preußisch Oldendorf (Ed.): The Limberg Castle. Center of a region. Preußisch Oldendorf: Kölle-Druck 2007, 94–114, especially p. 101 f.
  30. ↑ by Le Coq (Ed.): Map of the area of ​​Osnabrück, Lübke and Dümmer-See, as well as a part of Oldenburg and Hanover. Sect. IX. Potsdam 1805.