Ernst-August pit (Wildemann)

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Ernst-August mine
General information about the mine
19-Lachter-Stollen visitor mine Blindschacht.jpg
Ernst-August blind shaft
Information about the mining company
Start of operation 1844
End of operation 1924
Funded raw materials
Degradation of
Greatest depth 261 m
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 49 '26 "  N , 10 ° 17' 54"  O coordinates: 51 ° 49 '26 "  N , 10 ° 17' 54"  O
Ernst-August pit (Lower Saxony)
Ernst-August mine
Location of the Ernst-August pit
Location Wild man
local community Clausthal-Zellerfeld
District ( NUTS3 ) Goslar
country State of Lower Saxony
Country Germany
District Clausthal mining inspection

The Ernst-August pit was a test construction in the 19-Lachter-Adolph tunnel . This experimental construction was supposed to open up the deposit there starting from the seigeren blind shaft of the same name . At times the Ernst-August-Schacht served as a light shaft for the Ernst-August-Stollen . Nowadays the shaft is part of a show mine .

The mine was named after the then sovereign Ernst August von Hannover .

history

After Duke Heinrich the Younger initiated the resumption of mining at the beginning of the 16th century, the town of Wildemann was founded . In addition to the 13-Lachter-tunnel and the 19-Lachter-tunnel, which were important water solution tunnels for decades , several other pits were built on the Ditfurter Gang building . Including the Wildemann and Alter Deutscher pits . They were united in 1712 and operated as the Alter deutscher Wildemann mine . The pit had two art shafts and one extraction shaft. At this point in time, the Haus Ditfurth mine was also in operation. Over time, however, all of the pits had considerable problems with the dewatering , which resulted in the final cessation of operations in 1739 after several efforts .

Construction phase

However, since promising silver finds had been found when driving the 13-Lachter -Adolph tunnel and also in the aforementioned pits , the sinking of a shaft from the 19-Lachter-Adolph tunnel in the hanging wall of the Ganges began in 1844 . This tunnel was again in 1809 by a new Mundloch been started and in 1819 with the Sachsener house bay durchschlägig . From the Ernst-August-Schacht a breakthrough with the abandoned pits on the Ditfurter Gang was supposed to take place during the sinking with the help of a location. One could not fall back on precise pit cracks made by a mine separator , but estimated the approximate location. In case of a punch the old Build should solved be done and extensive gear tests.

Between the 19 and 13 Lachter tunnels, an internal water göpel and an internal water art were built. The Kunstrad was a crispness with water from the innermost applied , then the water flowed out of the pit on the 13-Lachter studs. The sweeping wheel was provided with a work of art with a crank and a bleul so that it can also be used for dewatering if necessary.

While drilling, there was unexpectedly high water access so that both arts, with 10 and 12 inch pump sets were provided, the resulting mine water could hardly lift. The artificial wheel had between 7 and 10 revolutions per minute. The sinking was done with shooting work and the slightest problems with the dewatering usually meant the loss of a complete shift. When the final course of the new Ernst-August-tunnel had been determined, the Ernst-August-Schacht gained additional importance as it was supposed to serve as a light shaft. Therefore the work was accelerated. It was assumed that the access to water was so strong because of the location of the pit in the interior and because of the old mine structures. Various measures at the innermost, such as compaction of the river bed , did not change anything at the water access.

When it was estimated that there were three pokers below a place of the abandoned Alter deutscher Wildemann pit , they began to drive a counter-site at the same time as the sinking . Then the old pit was drilled and large water access was expected, but this did not materialize. At the same time, it was hoped that the breakthrough with the Tiefen Georg tunnel would finally facilitate the drainage. Both places were made penetrable, but met a pit stamp and drove through a room filled with mountains and then a pebble as thick as a laugh , but which did not have a greater extent. The goal now was to make the tunnel with the old shafts penetrable, because the water accesses were expected from there.

In the period that followed, the tunnel broke through with a site that had been driven into the horizontal . Examined ore trays on the lying surface confirmed the expected silver content (one hundredweight of ore contained 11 lots of silver and 75 pounds of lead) wide pump sets were used. During floods, the water access increased to more than 50 cubic feet / min, which is why one drove into the passage on the bottom of the Tiefen Georg-Stollen , which has now been reached . This did not change anything about the water access.

On March 2, 1855, the breakthrough took place with the old shaft of the Alter deutscher Wildemann mine . A climber squeezed into the abandoned pit and began a tour after the pit had not been used for 116 years. Much to the astonishment of the miners, it was in good condition. The drives and stamps were just covered with mud, only nails were rusted. The climber reached one of the old art shafts over a stretch two laughs higher and 60 laughs long . There he found the old artifacts and a reel conveyor , which were just as well preserved as the shaft timbering . He reached the former Ditfurther Schacht house via a section four Lachter below and then into a section where ore was waiting. Mine water was only found in small quantities and it was estimated that the majority - according to plan - had been released via the new Ernst-August-Schacht. The latter had already sunk 27 puddles under the bottom of the Tiefen Georg tunnel, and another 31 puddles followed to the bottom of the Ernst August tunnel. The pit Age German Wildemann had a greater extent than expected and expanded probably in the depth under the sole of the Ernst-August-tunnel out. Due to the ore deposits, this was viewed as a surprising success of the experimental construction and began to mine the ores while the shaft was further lowered.

Operating time and setting

After the Ernst-August-Stollen took over the water solution of the Upper Harz mining industry in 1864 , the structures of the old German Wildemann were solved and the Ernst-August mine belonged to the ore-producing mines. It belonged to the rear or external Zellerfelder Revier, which belonged to the Zellerfeld district.

In the financial year 1866/67, 720 quintals of roasted ore were extracted from the mine. A large part was copper, so 150 quintals of copper were expected for the following financial year. Including supervisors, 41 miners worked in the mine. While 21 pounds of copper were extracted from a hundredweight of ore in the financial year 1864/65, the value halved just a year later. The ores obtained were processed in Wildemann's stamping mill.

Measured from the bottom of the 19-Lachter-Adolph tunnel, the following tunnels are penetrable with the Ernst August shaft:

  • 13-laughing studs: 13 laughing-stollen
  • Deep Georg tunnel: 51 laughs
  • Ernst-August-Stollen: 112 laughs

In the meantime, an art of driving that had been built in was replaced in 1910 by a rope ride operated with the water wheel. For this purpose, the system was equipped with a self-designed, automatic water regulation and braking device. In 1914, hydropower was replaced by an electric conveyor reel , and mining was finally stopped ten years later.

The electrical systems installed at that time are now open to the public, as is the now reconstructed sweeping wheel and the shaft in the 19-Lachter-Stollen visitor mine.

See also

literature

  • F. Schell: Comments about the "Ernst August" mine at Wildemann am Oberharze . In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung . April 4, 1855, p. 113-114 .
  • F. Schell: Comments on the "Ernst August" mine near Wildemann am Oberharze (continued) . In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung . April 11, 1855, p. 122-124 .
  • Bruno Kerl : The Upper Harz smelting process for the extraction of silver, copper, lead and arsenic acid . 2nd Edition. Verlag der Grosse'schen Buchhandlung, Clausthal 1860.
  • Albrecht von Groddeck : Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz . In: Ministry for trade, industry and public works (Hrsg.): Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 14 . Publishing house of the royal and secret Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin 1866, p. 273-295 .
  • Gustav Heyse : Heraldry, coin and seal studies - The wild man on Braunschweig-Lüneburg coins . In: Eduard Jacobs (Hrsg.): Journal of the Harz Association for History and Archeology . Quedlinburg 1871, p. 650-656 .
  • Wilfried Ließmann : Historical mining in the Harz . 3. Edition. Springer, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heyse: Heraldry, Coin and Seal Studies - The wild man on Braunschweig-Lüneburg coins. In: Journal of the Harz Association for History and Antiquity. , 1871, p. 651.
  2. ↑ a b Schell: Comments on the "Ernst August" mine near Wildemann at Oberharze. In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung , No. 14, 14th year, 1855, p. 113.
  3. ↑ a b c d guy: The Upper Harz Hüttenprocesse. 1860, p. 69.
  4. ↑ Schell: Comments on the "Ernst August" mine near Wildemann at Oberharze. In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung , No. 14, 14th year, 1855, p. 113 f.
  5. ↑ a b Schell: Comments on the "Ernst August" mine near Wildemann at Oberharze. In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung , No. 14, 14th year, 1855, p. 114.
  6. ↑ Schell: Comments on the “Ernst August” mine near Wildemann am Oberharze (continued). In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung , No. 15, 14th year, 1855, p. 122.
  7. ↑ Schell: Comments on the “Ernst August” mine near Wildemann am Oberharze (continued). In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung , No. 15, 14th volume, 1855, p. 123.
  8. ↑ Schell: Comments on the “Ernst August” mine near Wildemann am Oberharze (continued). In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung , No. 15, 14th year, 1855, p. 124.
  9. ↑ von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. , Volume 14, 1866, p. 279.
  10. ↑ von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. , Volume 14, 1866, p. 281.
  11. ↑ von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. , Volume 14, 1866, p. 282.
  12. ↑ von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. , Volume 14, 1866, p. 283.
  13. ↑ a b von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. , Volume 14, 1866, p. 285.
  14. ^ Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz. 2010, p. 192.