Grube Gnade Gottes (Schulenberg in the Upper Harz Mountains)
| Pit grace of God | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| Mining technology | Bench construction , roof construction | ||
| Funding / year | up to 2,000 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Union , Treasury | ||
| Employees | 33 (1694 to 1735) | ||
| Start of operation | 1673 | ||
| End of operation | 1769 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Lead luster / copper pebbles | ||
| Greatest depth | 270 m | ||
| Degradation of | Copper pebbles | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 49 '48 " N , 10 ° 24' 27" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Schuleberg | ||
| local community | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Goslar | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Upper Harz Gangerzrevier, Festenburg-Schulenberg area | ||
The Grube Gnade Gottes was a silver and copper mine in the Upper Harz Gangerzrevier . It was north of the road from Oker to Clausthal-Zellerfeld ( L 517 ) in the Oberschulenberg district (mountain and university town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld).
The mine was the easternmost of a total of four pits on the Oberschulenberger Erzmittel.
geology
The Grube Gnade Gottes built on the Bockswieser Gangzug (formerly also called Bockswiese- Festenburg - Schulenberger Gangzug ), a hydrothermal corridor structure in the north-western Upper Harz . The corridor train in the Oberschulenberg area was mineralized over a striking length of about 600 m and down to a depth of 250 m with sulfidic, silver-bearing lead and copper minerals. The ore was located in an exfoliating zone and was formed by the Schulenberg main corridor in the hanging wall and the new corridor in the horizontal wall. After an approximately 1000 m long deadening zone in the east, another ore duct follows in Mittelschulenberg (→ Juliane Sophia mine ).
History and technology
Predecessor mining
Already in the Middle Ages there was mining in open-cast mining on the outcrop of the Schulenberg main corridor near the later St. Urban shafts . In the period from 1532 to 1592 there was already profitable mining in Oberschulenberg with the mines of St. Anna on the Schulenberge and the Immortal Gift of God and Reiche Society on the Schulenberge , which was initially operated by private tenants. This early ore mining came to a standstill around 1600. Most of the ore reserves had been mined down to the bottom of the valley , which was a little deeper, and a deep tunnel to dissolve water would have had to be driven through the solid rock from afar with just a mallet and iron .
Operation of God's grace pit from 1673 to 1769
In the years from 1673 to 1685 the mine Grace of God was operated irregularly by tenants. Older pits were found there. There were problems with drainage and a lack of capital. From 1686 to 1693 the company was completely idle.
From 1690 a reorganization of the mining industry in Upper Schulenburg took place in length fields m 161-323 m trending extension. The pits were managed by the Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel state (Communion-Oberharz) itself.
From 1694 to 1735 the mine Grace of God mined an average of 18 to 25 tons of ore per week, briefly (1702 to 1705) up to 40 tons were mined. In the years 1701 to 1710 the yield was up to four thalers per kuxe and quarter . The (main) shaft was deepened from 85 meters to 190 meters by 1729 and it was hewn up after days to improve ventilation . In 1730 the art of pumping was repaired and a second system was added.
In the period from 1737 to 1740 the shaft reached a depth of 230 meters. The promotion but declined to around 11 tons a week. After 1741 the regular mining was stopped and only follow-up mining (approx. 6 tons / week) was carried out in the upper burrows, as the ore deposits were exhausted towards the depths. Nevertheless, the shaft had been deepened to 270 meters for investigation purposes. While the production was completely discontinued around 1754, in 1761 there was another gleaning of 9 tons per week.
From 1769 the pit of God's grace was finally still.
At the beginning of the 19th century, ore remnants were sporadically mined in the Oberschulenberg mines above the Tiefen Schulenberger-Stollen-Sole in order to employ freed miners from other Upper Harz mines when there were bottlenecks. The deeper parts of the pit were drowned after the drainage was abandoned.
Overview of the shafts, tunnels and day openings
| Surname | Greatest depth | length | Beginning | The End | Geographical location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Well of God's grace I | 270 m | 1673 | 1769 | 51 ° 49 ′ 48 "N, 10 ° 24 ′ 27" E | ||
| (Shaft) grace of God II | 1800 | 51 ° 49 ′ 49 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 23 ″ E | ||||
| Shaft test facility | 51 ° 49 ′ 46 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 30 ″ E | |||||
| Deep Schulenberg tunnel | 2,900 m | 51 ° 49 ′ 33 "N, 10 ° 25 ′ 25" E | Water solution tunnel, construction period: before 1600 and from 1710. | |||
| Weather shaft | 1729 | before 1865 | 51 ° 49 ′ 50 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 20 ″ E | Was broken up by building above the Tiefen Schulenberg tunnel to the surface. |
Current condition (2011)
The Oberschulenberg mining area is still clearly visible in the area today. Above the valley, partially visible from the road, there is an extensive dump area between the former wheel of fortune mine and the grace of Gotteser Schacht .
The two perforated stones set in 1726 , which marked the authorization of the Grube Gnade Gottes, are still preserved: The perforated stone at the marrow sheath to the neighboring pit Yellow Lily not far from its Schachtpinge and 240 meters east of the Gnade Gotteser Schacht the perforated stone to demarcate the one already in Mittelschulenberg Small Mertenszeche .
The Oberschulenberger Zechenhaus served the miners as a social and administrative building and is not far from the Oberschulenberg hiking car park near the road to Zellerfeld. It was built in 1733 to replace an older building that was destroyed by flooding.
literature
- Christoph Bartels : From the early modern mining industry to the mining industry . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1992, ISBN 3-921533-53-8 .
- Herbert Dennert : The perforated stones on the Festenburg-Schulenberg ore in the Upper Harz .
- Torsten Schröpfer: Treasure trove: Interesting facts about the West Harz mining and metallurgy . 1st edition. Pieper, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2000, ISBN 3-923605-08-0 .
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany - Volume 5, Part 1: The iron ore mining . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1986.
- Dieter Stoppel: Course map of the Upper Harz . Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials, 1981, ISSN 0540-679X .
Web links
- The Grube Gnade Gottes (Schulenberg in the Upper Harz Mountains) on mineralienatlas.de