Pit wheel of fortune
| Pit wheel of fortune | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| Mining technology | Bench construction , roof construction | ||
| Funding / year | up to 3,500 t | ||
| Rare minerals | Arsentsumebite , azurite , cerussite , malachite , vaterite , vivianite etc. | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Union , Treasury | ||
| Employees | 69 (1723) | ||
| Start of operation | 1666 | ||
| End of operation | 1771 | ||
| Successor use | Show mine | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Lead luster / copper pebbles | ||
| Greatest depth | 250 m | ||
| overall length | 307 m | ||
| Degradation of | Copper pebbles | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 49 '53 " N , 10 ° 24' 7" E | ||
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| local community | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Goslar | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Upper Harz Gangerzrevier, Festenburg-Schulenberg area | ||
The Glücksrad mine was a silver and copper mine in the Upper Harz Gangerz district . It was north of the road from Oker to Clausthal-Zellerfeld ( L 517 ) in the Oberschulenberg district (mountain and university town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld).
The mine , with its extensive heaps , has become known, especially among mineral collectors, through some very rare finds.
geology
The Glücksrad mine built on the Bockswieser Gangzug (formerly also called Bockswiese- Festenburg - Schulenberger Gangzug ), a hydrothermal corridor structure in the north-western Upper Harz . The corridor train in the Oberschulenberg area was mineralized over a striking length of about 600 m and down to a depth of 250 m with sulfidic, silver-bearing lead and copper minerals. The ore was located in an exfoliating zone and was formed by the Schulenberg main corridor in the hanging wall and the new corridor in the horizontal wall. After an approximately 1000 m long deadening zone in the east, another ore duct follows in Mittelschulenberg (→ Juliane Sophia mine ).
The effects of the weather on the ores on the surface and their gangue resulted in around 40 different secondary minerals , although some of them can hardly be seen with the naked eye (so-called micromounts ).
History and technology
Predecessor mining
Already in the Middle Ages there was mining in open-cast mining on the outcrop of the Schulenberg main corridor near the later St. Urban shafts . In the period from 1532 to 1592 there was already profitable mining in Oberschulenberg with the mines of St. Anna on the Schulenberge and the Immortal Gift of God and Reiche Society on the Schulenberge , which was initially operated by private tenants. This early ore mining came to a standstill around 1600 . Most of the ore reserves had been mined to the bottom of the valley, which was a little deeper, and a deep tunnel to dissolve water would have had to be driven through the solid rock from afar with just a mallet and iron .
Operation of the wheel of fortune mine from 1666 to 1771
On January 20, 1666, the wheel of fortune mine field was awarded for the first time in place of an older St. Andreas or Neuer Segen mine . In 1669 the field was re-awarded. From 1669 to 1678, underground and opencast mines were operated incoherently in several places on the Oberschulenberger corridor by different tenants under the name of the wheel of fortune (compare overview of the shafts , tunnels and daily openings ).
From 1690 on, mining in Oberschulenberg was reorganized in length fields between 161 m and 323 m in length . The pits were managed by the Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel state (Communion-Oberharz) itself. After an old shaft and construction of the wheel of fortune were restored between 1693 and 1696 , the production increased from 14 tons per week (1696) to 42 tons per week (1702). From 1698 to 1719 and from 1722 to 1737 up to four thalers per quarter and expense were paid in yield . The shaft had penetrated to a depth of 80 meters in 1702. The natural solution of the mine water of the mining area of started some time ago was from 1710 Depth school Berger studs further ascended .
The wheel of fortune mine reached its heyday in the period 1723 to 1736. During this time, 50 to 65 tons per week were mined. The bench construction was extended beyond the field boundaries to the area of the neighboring St. Urban mine (in operation from 1692 to 1800) in the west and the Yellow Lily mine (1669 to 1817) in the east. From 1729 the dismantling process was changed to the more effective roof joint construction . After 1738 the weekly production decreased to around 22 tons. Degradation was after 1740, first at the Mine to St. Urban deferred and 1744 all set. Initially, only maintenance and search work was carried out. The (main) shaft reached its final depth of around 250 meters in 1746 , and no more ores worth building were found at this depth . On the other hand, in the same year a previously unknown occurrence was discovered in the upper dwellings.
From 1748 to 1761, a follow-up mining was carried out and 25 to 30 tons of ore were extracted weekly. In the following years this mining was only insignificant when in 1769 the Kaue (Upper Harz Gaipel ) caught fire above the shaft and the fire spread to the shaft timbering. A miner had a fatal accident when the shaft collapsed. The mine building including the neighboring mines became unusable during the three months of smoldering fires. After a short search in 1770, the Glücksrad mine was closed in 1771. Part of the mine field was taken over by the Yellow Lily Pit in 1790.
At the beginning of the 19th century, ore remnants were sporadically mined in the Oberschulenberger pits above the Tiefen Schulenberger-Stollen-Sole in order to employ freed miners from other Upper Harz mines in case of bottlenecks. The deeper pit parts were on the task of dewatering flooded. Around 1817 there was one of the oldest exhibition and teaching mines in the Glücksrader day tunnel : Visitors were shown the old mining ropes that were still accessible here. From 1824 it was possible to visit the 19 Lachter tunnel in Wildemann and the wheel of fortune mine was no longer maintained.
Overview of the shafts, tunnels and day openings
| Surname | Greatest depth | length | Beginning | The End | Geographical location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old day tunnel | 1824 | 51 ° 49 ′ 51 ″ N, 10 ° 23 ′ 56 ″ E | Served as a show mine at the beginning of the 19th century. | |||
| New day tunnel | 51 ° 49 ′ 49 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 5 ″ E | Backfilled around 1990. | ||||
| Old Wheel of Fortune I shaft | 51 ° 49 ′ 55 "N, 10 ° 24 ′ 52" E | |||||
| Old Wheel of Fortune II shaft | 1669 | 1787 | 51 ° 49 ′ 55 "N, 10 ° 24 ′ 2" E | |||
| New wheel of fortune shaft | 250 m | 1771 | 51 ° 49 ′ 53 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 7 ″ E | |||
| stollen | 1669 | 51 ° 50 ′ 41 ″ N, 10 ° 27 ′ 24 ″ E | Relocated pit field on the Hahnenkleer Gangzug (Langetal Gang). | |||
| Search shaft for the lying strand | 51 ° 49 ′ 57 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 9 ″ E | In the area of the pit wheel of fortune or yellow lily / new yellow lily . | ||||
| Deep Schulenberg tunnel | 2,900 m | 51 ° 49 ′ 33 "N, 10 ° 25 ′ 25" E | Water solution tunnel, construction period: before 1600 and from 1710. |
Current condition (2011)
The Oberschulenberg mining area is still clearly visible in the area today. On the one hand, there is an extensive dump area above the valley, partially visible from the road, between the former wheel of fortune and the grace of Gotteser Schacht . Another heap at the mouth of the Glücksrader day tunnel has now been significantly reduced and overgrown by the earlier removal of road construction material. Furthermore, witness the old opencast mines / Pingenbaue aisle outcrop St. between the former mine and the mine Urban Wheel of Fortune from old mining activities. The broken day shafts can be seen as pings in the extension of the opencast mines. Several perforated stones have also been preserved, but most of them are very difficult to find in the forest. For this reason, one of the perforated stones in the Glücksrad mine was moved to a different location a little above the Oberschulenberg colliery house and can be reached via a path. The inscription reads:
"HERE | THE | LUCKY WHEELS | FIELD TURNS AS A | FUND PIT | AND 6 LAUGHTERS | NEXT TO THE 1 * 2 * 3 | AND 4th MAAS | ZACHAR * BAHR VOBM | OH ANDR SCHARENBERG UBM | THOM * ANDR * ZEUNER SPEED | the 8th October ANNO | 1726 ".
Halfway up on the slope between the L 517 and the Glücksrader shafts is the mouth of the New Daily Tunnel. It was open until the end of the 1980s and was then kept with a concrete wall. Due to the recess of an entrance hole, this part of the old mine now serves as a bat quarter . Slightly above it runs a partially buried saddle ditch that led to the Juliane Sophia pit in Mittelschulenberg.
The Oberschulenberger Zechenhaus served the miners as a social and administrative building and is not far from the Oberschulenberg hiking car park near the road to Zellerfeld. It was built in 1733 to replace an older building that was destroyed by flooding.
literature
- Christoph Bartels : From the early modern mining industry to the mining industry . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1992, ISBN 3-921533-53-8 .
- Torsten Schröpfer: Treasure trove: Interesting facts about the West Harz mining and metallurgy . 1st edition. Pieper, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2000, ISBN 3-923605-08-0 .
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 5, Part 1: The iron stone mining. German Mining Museum, Bochum 1986, ISBN 3-921533-37-6 .
- Dieter Stoppel: Course map of the Upper Harz . Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials, 1981, ISSN 0540-679X .
Individual evidence
- ^ Herbert Dennert : The perforated stones on the Festenburg-Schulenberger ore in the Upper Harz . In: The cut: Bulletin of the Association of Friends of Art and Culture in Mining. 24: 6, pp. 12-17 (1972).
Web links
- Mineral Atlas - Grube Glücksrad near Oberschulenberg in the Harz Mountains (last accessed on June 26, 2014)