Pit yellow lily
| Pit yellow lily | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| other names | St. Johannes colliery via Emperor Heinrich am Schulenberge, New Yellow Lily pit | ||
| Mining technology | Opencast mining , bench construction , roof construction | ||
| Funding / year | up to 4,400 t | ||
| Rare minerals | Chalcopyrite , opal , galena , quartz | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Union , Treasury | ||
| Employees | 74 (1728 to 1729) | ||
| Start of operation | 1669 | ||
| End of operation | 1817 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Lead luster / copper pebbles | ||
| Greatest depth | 250 m | ||
| Degradation of | Copper pebbles | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 49 '51 " N , 10 ° 24' 14" E | ||
|
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| Location | Oberschulenberg | ||
| local community | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Goslar | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Upper Harz Gangerzrevier, Festenburg-Schulenberg area | ||
The Yellow Lily Pit , New Yellow Lily from around 1790 , was a silver and copper mine in the Upper Harz Gangerzrevier . It was north of the road from Oker to Clausthal-Zellerfeld ( L 517 ) in the Oberschulenberg district (mountain and university town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld).
The yellow lily pit was the most powerful of the four Oberschulenberg mines and, with its extensive heaps , became known to mineral collectors in particular through very rare finds.
geology
The Yellow Lily Pit was built on the Bockswieser Gangzug (formerly also called Bockswiese- Festenburg - Schulenberger Gangzug ), a hydrothermal corridor structure in the north-western Upper Harz . The corridor train in the Oberschulenberg area was mineralized over a striking length of about 600 m and down to a depth of 250 m with sulfidic, silver-bearing lead and copper minerals. The ore was located in an exfoliating zone and was formed by the Schulenberg main corridor in the hanging wall and the new corridor in the horizontal wall. After an approximately 1000 m long deadening zone in the east, another ore duct follows in Mittelschulenberg (→ Juliane Sophia mine ).
The effects of the weather on the ores on the surface and their gangue resulted in around 40 different secondary minerals , although some of them can hardly be seen with the naked eye (so-called micromounts ).
History and technology
Predecessor mining
Already in the Middle Ages there was mining in open-cast mining on the outcrop of the Schulenberg main corridor near the later St. Urban shafts . In the period from 1532 to 1592 there was already profitable mining in Oberschulenberg with the mines of St. Anna on the Schulenberge and the Immortal Gift of God and Reiche Society on the Schulenberg , which was initially operated by private tenants. This early ore mining came to a standstill around 1600 . Most of the ore reserves had been mined to the bottom of the valley, which was a little deeper, and a deep tunnel to dissolve water would have had to be driven through the solid rock from afar with just a mallet and iron .
On 20 May 1669 an was first mining claim under the name colliery St. John about Emperor Henry on School mountains in a length extension of 188 meters in the area of the future pit Yellow Lily awarded . A new award took place as early as 1671.
Operation of the Yellow Lily Pit from 1671 to 1769
In the years from 1673 to 1676, the yellow lily pit was operated irregularly by tenants and copper pebbles were extracted in open-cast mining . After that, funding came to a standstill again.
From 1690 mining was reorganized in Oberschulenburg in Längenfeldern between 161 m and 323 m in extent. The pits were managed by the Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel state (Communion-Oberharz) itself. The yellow lily pit was awarded again on July 18, 1691.
An orderly small-scale mining took place for the first time in the period 1694 to 1699, in which a maximum of 20 miners extracted around 14 tons of ore per week. From 1699 the shaft was down to a depth of 50 meters drilled . From 1700 to 1707 fluctuating amounts of 10 to 25 tons / week were mined, 1702 to 1707 even additional fines had to be paid. After better ores were digested at depth, the production increased between 1707 and 1720 to 55 tons, from 1720 even to 65 tons per week. The shaft was deepened from 85 meters (1708) to 125 meters (1716). In the period from 1718 to 1737, an average of 10 thalers yield per kuxe and mountain quarter could be paid, from 1722 to 1729 it was even a maximum of 22 thalers. In 1728 and 1729 the highest production rate ever reached was 85 tons per week and the workforce was 74 men. The shaft was 185 meters underground in 1729.
From 1729 onwards the amount of mining decreased rapidly, up to 1731 it was still 28 tons and then until 1741 sometimes only 18 tons per week. The reasons lay in long-term overexploitation . To make matters worse, the silver content of the ores had decreased towards the depth. After 1741 the pit was considered to have been cleared, only a follow-up mining and search work were carried out, and the shaft was deepened again to 270 meters. This led to an additional payment from 1740 to 1784. From 1769 the Yellow Lily Pit was initially closed.
Continued operation as New Yellow Lily from 1790 to 1817
Operations resumed around 1790. For this purpose, a new shaft was sunk up to the Tiefen Schulenberg tunnel , the main water solution tunnel in the area. The pit, now called the New Yellow Lily , took over parts of the fields of the neighboring pits Wheel of Fortune and God's Grace . Up until 1802, the extraction from the Nachlesebauten was around 10 tons per week. The burrows beneath the depths school Berger cleats sole were not re gesümpft , this pit parts were on the task of drainage drowned . The mine had five day shafts and one blind shaft .
Mining ceased again from 1803 to 1807. From 1808 a last mining period began in the upper mine workings , initially with an amount of 10 tons, in the end only 2 tons per week, which were produced by only three miners. In 1817 operations were finally closed.
Overview of the shafts, tunnels and day openings
The shafts of the pits of the Wheel of Fortune and God's Grace that were taken over from 1790 are not listed here.
| Surname | Greatest depth | length | Beginning | The End | Geographical location | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper tunnel | 1817 | 51 ° 49 ′ 51 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 17 ″ E | ||||
| Old Yellow Lily Bay | 250 m | 1669 | 1817 | 51 ° 49 ′ 51 ″ N, 10 ° 24 ′ 14 ″ E | ||
| New Yellow Lily Bay | 80 m | before 1790 | 1817 | 51 ° 49 ′ 52 "N, 10 ° 24 ′ 13" E | ||
| Deep Schulenberg tunnel | 2,900 m | 51 ° 49 ′ 33 "N, 10 ° 25 ′ 25" E | Water solution tunnel, construction period: before 1600 and from 1710. |
Current condition (2011)
The Oberschulenberg mining area is still clearly visible in the area today. Above the valley, partially visible from the road, lies an extensive dump area between the former wheel of fortune and the grace of Gotteser Schacht . The dumps used to be heavily frequented by mineral collectors. Today they are a protected ground monument and must therefore not be dug up.
Mining traces in the form of a long, trench-like pinge can be seen north of the heaps.
The former owner of the Yellow Lily Pit is still marked today by two double-inscribed perforated stones , which the mine shared with the Wheel of Fortune Pit in the west and the God's Grace Pit in the east.
The Oberschulenberger Zechenhaus served the miners as a social and administrative building and is not far from the Oberschulenberg hiking car park near the road to Zellerfeld. It was built in 1733 to replace an older building that was destroyed by flooding.
literature
- Christoph Bartels : From the early modern mining industry to the mining industry . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1992, ISBN 3-921533-53-8 .
- Herbert Dennert : The perforated stones on the Festenburg-Schulenberg ore in the Upper Harz . Greinert, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 1984, DNB 850858461 .
- Torsten Schröpfer: Treasure trove: Interesting facts about the West Harz mining and metallurgy . 1st edition. Pieper, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2000, ISBN 3-923605-08-0 .
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany - Volume 5, Part 1: The iron ore mining . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1986.
- Dieter Stoppel: Course map of the Upper Harz . Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials, 1981, ISSN 0540-679X .