Holy Cross Church (Stadtschwarzach)
The Heiligkreuzkirche in Stadtschwarzach is the Catholic parish church of the Lower Franconian market. It stands on the outskirts of the former town in Kirchgasse.
history
The church in Stadtschwarzach is closely connected to the nearby Münsterschwarzach monastery . Only after the pilgrimage in the 15th century did the community break away from the abbey.
Until the pilgrimage
A church in Stadtschwarzach has been handed down since the 12th century. Like the village itself, it was abandoned at the time of the Hohenstaufen and rebuilt at its current location. In the 13th century a small chapel was built, which was elevated to the parish church of a large parish. The parish included the places Münsterschwarzach , Prichsenstadt , Großbirkach , Wiesentheid and Stadelschwarzach . The branches in Brünnau , Järkendorf , Kleinschönbach , Laub , Abtswind , Kirchschönbach and Reupelsdorf were also included.
The parish of Stadtschwarzach was first mentioned in a document in 1326. Bishop Wolfram Wolfskeel von Grumbach confirmed the rights of the Münsterschwarzacher abbots over the community in Stadtschwarzach. Until 1339/1342 monks from the monastery took over pastoral care in Stadtschwarzach. Even after Stadtschwarzach had its own pastor, the abbots from Münsterschwarzach retained the right of patronage. The large parish was gradually reduced in size. In 1354 which was Dionysius - patron saint of the church was first mentioned.
The 15th century brought a new church to the community. The reason for this was the beginning of the pilgrimage , which was fueled by the Gothic Madonna, which was created in the first half of the 14th century and which brought Stadtschwarzach money for a new building. The tower, which is still preserved today, was built in 1424. In 1467, on the Sunday before the birth of Mary, the renovation of the choir, which was completed on May 9, 1475, began. Since 1488 there was a cross brotherhood in the place, whose members consisted of Würzburg prince-bishops and Franconian aristocrats, and who promoted the change from Dionysius patronage to cross patronage.
Til today
In 1604, Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn renewed the church tower and added a fourth floor. The pilgrimage was extinguished in the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War . In 1703 the abbot Augustin Voit began to redesign the furnishings that are still preserved today.
In 1866 the dilapidated nave was removed and it was rebuilt by May 9, 1875. The Würzburg bishop Johann Valentin von Reißmann consecrated the building.
In 1960 the church was extensively renovated and the neo-Gothic interior was removed. The last renewal took place in 2009–2011. The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation classifies the church building as a monument under the number D-6-75-165-48.
architecture
The hall building has a retracted, Gothic choir. The tower connects to the nave in the south. The church is eastered and was painted in yellow today.
Nave and choir
The neo-Gothic nave from the 19th century has four window axes in the south and north. Pilaster strips divide the building into the individual bays. The windows are arched, single-lane and close at the top with tracery . On the south side, the windows are more crowded through the adjoining tower. In the north, a pinnacle crowned side portal, towered over by an ox's eye, interrupts the central nave.
The facade in the west also has a central portal. It is richly structured by a tracery gable and four pinnacles. The structure of the pilaster strips is also continued here. The portal is surrounded by two arched windows, which with their tracery resemble the rest of the windows in the nave. An ox-eye with tracery rises above the portal, above which a small round-arched window was installed as a skylight. A cross was erected on the ridge of the gable roof .
The choir in the east is of Gothic origin. It is crowned by a hipped roof with two dormers on each side. In the south, the single-storey sacristy was added, while the rest of the choir is still unchanged. Single-lane windows with tracery structure it. They are interrupted by stepped buttresses . On the north side the foundation stone of the following inscription has been preserved: "Anno domini MCCCC / LXVII dominica ante festum / nativitatis beatae M / riae virginis incepta / est haec structura." (Latin in the year of the Lord 1467 on the Sunday before the feast of the birth of the blessed Jungfrau M this construction has been started).
tower
The church tower south of the nave, built in 1424, is the oldest part of the church. In 1614 another bullet and a so-called real pointed helmet were put on. This fell victim to a storm in 1940 and was replaced by today's tower helmet. The tower has four floors and contains the bell house on the upper floor .
Cornices subdivide the tower and also separate the floors from one another from the outside. A portal in the south leads inside. While the lower three floors are only marked by slotted windows, the top floor has arched windows. Four of them, one on each side, structure the upper floor of the tower. They are single-lane and finish with tracery at the top. The tower spire consists of a four-sided pyramid dome into which the erected gables were incorporated. Four bells are located below this gable.
Furnishing
The interior of the church is today shaped by the baroque redesign at the beginning of the 18th century. Only the Madonna figure, which was responsible for the pilgrimage to Stadtschwarzach, is of an older date.
High altar
The high altar came into the church during the baroque redesign by Abbot Augustin Voit in 1703. The tabernacle , on the other hand, is the last element in the church that can still be assigned to the neo-Gothic style and dates from around 1900. It consists of two single tabernacles and is framed by two praying angels. While the crucified one can be seen on the larger, upper tabernacle, the lower one is only bordered by simple gold doors. A lamb of God crowns the tabernacle and leads over to the altarpiece.
This is a two-pillar structure. Nevertheless, the reredos occupy the entire east side of the choir. This is due to the expansive extensions, which with their drawn-back curtains are reminiscent of stages and are closed off by pilasters . Two passageways were made on both sides. The larger-than-life figures of Saints Paul (left) and Dionysius (right) rise above them . They are labeled with ornate name tags.
The altar is dominated by the altar sheet in the center. It is a baroque work showing the crucifixion. The dark colors contrast with the marble and gold reredos. A cornice above houses two praying angel figures. Two vases complete these structures on the left and right. The altar extract , on the other hand, begins directly above the sheet. A dove, symbol of the Holy Spirit , leads over to a figure of God the Father. He is in a cloud halo, surrounded by a choir of putti. The altar ends at the top with a putti head and a cross.
Side altars
There are two side altars in the church. They were attached to the right and left of the choir arch and were also created during the renovations at the beginning of the 18th century. Both altars are similar in their general structure. The altarpiece is surrounded by two columns, they are round. The reredos of both altars are framed by two figures that are located on consoles outside the actual superstructure . A blown gable leads over to the extension, which is dominated by figures of angels. While the central angels only hold fruit ornaments in their hands, there are further figures with attributes to the left and right of them.
On the right side you can see the so-called Three Kings Altar. It is named after a picture that was created by Oswald Onghers in 1687 and shows the adoration of the Magi. The figures on the consoles represent St. Anna on the left and St. Joachim on the right . A medallion leads to the extract. The inscription reads: "Procidentes adoraverunt eum" (lat. The fallen have adored him). The angels of the Exodus have a scourge column and the cross with the crown of thorns as attributes.
The left altar is dedicated to the Mother of God as the altar of Mary. Its central leaf shows the coronation of Mary . It is surrounded by the figures of St. Helena on the right and St. Andrew on the left. Instead of an inscription, the seven swords that pierce Mary's heart lead to the elevator. Here the angels hold up a ladder on the left, while two spears can be seen on the right. A medallion with Mary's initials completes the altar.
Gothic Madonna
The oldest preserved piece of the church is the late Gothic Madonna. It was probably created as early as the first half of the 14th century. From 1465 she was known to be miraculous and thus promoted the pilgrimage to Stadtschwarzach. The figure was originally placed in a glass case at the back of the church. It was not until the renovation in 2010 that it was given its current place on a modern frame in front of the choir.
Originally the figure was dressed like the Madonna of Mercy in Dimbach . Today she presents herself as a simple wooden figure of the seated Mother of God. On the left she is holding a stout, naked Christ Child with an apple in her arms, while on the left a golden scepter has been attached. A red robe is covered with a golden cloak, which has a blue tint on the inside and has rich folds. Mary's face turns to Jesus, a crown closes the figure at the top.
Organ and gallery
A gallery rises above the portal in the west of the church . It is decorated with a simple tracery parapet. The organ of the church is located in the center of the gallery . Its case came into the church in 1723. It is dominated by four angel figures with instruments and surrounded by ornaments. A medallion with the initials IHS is on the organ. A sweeping cornice leads over to the organ pipes.
Bells
The ringing of the Holy Cross Church in Stadtschwarzach consists of four bells . They came inside the church at completely different times. A special feature is that no bell was melted down during the Second World War . The oldest of the bells came into the church in 1483, the youngest are from 1922.
| Bell caster | Casting year | Keynote | Diameter in centimeters | Weight in kilograms | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulrich, Apolda | 1922 | as' | 119 | 700 | |
| Johann Adam Roth | 1583 | f ' | 108 | 850 | From the monastery church in Münsterschwarzach |
| Ulrich, Apolda | 1922 | b ' | 108 | 450 | |
| Albert Eulensund | 1453 | it'' | 76.5 | 270 |
Further equipment
Two further elements of the church's furnishings were embedded in the left nave wall and survived the renovation of the church in the 19th century. On the one hand, there is the inscription of the church renovation by Julius Echter in 1614. It is crowned with his coat of arms and is framed by two angel heads. There is also an epitaph for Maria Susana Erbermann (nee perennial pike), who died in 1662.
Two figures of saints are mounted on consoles, similar to the assistant figures on the side altars. It is about Joseph with the child and Saint Sebastian . They can also be attributed to the baroque church renovation. Two more figures came to Stadtschwarzach in the 20th century. It is a Pietà from 1910, which is now above the west portal, and Saint Konrad von Parzham from 1938. Both figures were created by Ludwig Sonnleitner.
There are also 16 stations of a 19th century Way of the Cross in the nave. They are on permanent loan from the Kleinochsenfurt Church Foundation to the Stadtschwarzach community and cite the Nazarene style . With the renovation between 2009 and 2011, a new ambo and a baptismal font as well as a people's altar were added to the church. They are borrowed from Jürgen Lenssen's designs .
Pastor (selection)
The names of the clergymen of the Holy Cross Church have been handed down in writing since 1278. During the Thirty Years' War, the monks of Münsterschwarzach Abbey took over pastoral care in the abbey, which was closely related to the monastery. In the years that followed, Fathers von Münsterschwarzach repeatedly stepped in as pastors.
| Surname | Term of office | Remarks | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicolaus Kraft | gen. 1278 | first, officially mentioned clergyman of the church | |||||
| Nicholas N. | gen. 1428 | ||||||
| Matthew Modulus | gen. 1610 | * in Mellrichstadt | |||||
| 1635–1689 monks from Münsterschwarzach take over pastoral care | |||||||
| 1706–1712 monks from Münsterschwarzach take over pastoral care | |||||||
| Januarius Walter | 1803-1809 | first priest after secularization, monk from Münsterschwarzach | |||||
| Christoph Edmund Mainhard | 1809– | Franciscan | |||||
| Philipp Viktor Reinhard | not clear | Capuchin | |||||
| Appolonarius Weber | -1818 | Franciscans in Dettelbach | |||||
| Eustach Remlein | 1818-1823 | Cistercians from Bildhausen | |||||
| Aloys Schäfer | 1823-1831 | from Münsterschwarzach, † March 6, 1853 in Dettelbach | |||||
| 1831–1951 secular clergy, including 1866 Johann Werthmann | |||||||
| Heinrich Bleimann | 1951– | from Münsterschwarzach Monastery | |||||
| Wolfram Fehn | -1999 | from Münsterschwarzach Monastery | |||||
See also
literature
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. Art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Wolfgang Brückner: miraculous image and legend. Cult change in Dimbach . Wuerzburg 1978
- Franziskus Büll: The Monastery Suuarzaha. A contribution to the history of the Münsterschwarzach women's monastery from 788 (?) To 877 (?) . Münsterschwarzach 1992.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Munich and Berlin 1999.
- Adelhard Kaspar: Stadtschwarzach and its church . In: Ludolf Mayer (Hrsg.): Festschrift for the anniversary of the parish church Stadtschwarzach on September 17, 1967. Construction of the choir in 1467, renewal of the nave in 1867 . Münsterschwarzach 1967. pp. 17-26.
- Friedrich Merzbacher: The late medieval parish Stadtschwarzach . In: Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter 13th Jhg. 1951 . Würzburg 1951. pp. 82-102.
- Hans-Ludwig Oertel: With Latin around the main triangle. Selected inscriptions between Würzburg and Volkach . Dettelbach 2012.
- Prospectus in the church: Parish Church Heilig Kreuz Stadtschwarzach .
- Thomas Wehner: Real Schematism of the Diocese of Würzburg. Kitzingen Dean's Office . Wuerzburg 1997.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Büll, Franziskus: Das Monasterium Suuarzaha . P. 60.
- ↑ Prospectus: Parish Church Heilig Kreuz Stadtschwarzach . P. 2.
- ↑ Geodata: Monument number D-6-75-165-48 , accessed on August 17, 2013.
- ↑ Oertel, Hans-Ludwig (Ed.): With Latin around the main triangle . P. 99.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 42.
- ↑ While u. a. Bauer (p. 42) mentions this year, Dehio (p. 994) assumes the year 1730. However, this cannot be associated with the reign of Voit, who died in 1704.
- ^ Church leaders: Holy Cross Church, Stadtschwarzach , parish community Stadtschwarzach, Schwarzenau, Reupelsdorf; Retrieved June 5, 2016.
- ^ Dehio, Georg: Handbook of German art monuments . P. 994.
- ↑ Brückner, Wolfgang: Image of grace and legend . P. 51.
- ↑ Wehner, Thomas: Real Schematism of the Diocese of Würzburg . P. 176.
- ↑ Prospectus: Parish Church Heilig Kreuz Stadtschwarzach . P. 4.
- ↑ Kaspar, Adelhard: Stadtschwarzach and his church . P. 26.
Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '54.1 " N , 10 ° 13' 53.5" E