Heinrich Menu by Minutoli

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Johann Heinrich Karl Menu

Johann Heinrich Karl Menu , since 1820 Freiherr von Minutoli (born May 12, 1772 in Geneva , † September 16, 1846 in Berlin ) was a Prussian lieutenant general , prince educator , explorer and archaeologist .

origin

The Minutoli family originally came from Lucca and emigrated to Switzerland in the 17th century. Heinrich was the son of Daniel von Minutoli (1732-1811) and his wife Isabelle, born von Lucadou (1739-1816).

Life

Heinrich Menu von Minutoli initially received private tuition, then attended high school in Karlsruhe from 1782 to 1784 , was then trained in military matters by an Austrian engineer captain and entered the Prussian military service in 1786 at the age of fourteen, through the mediation of his uncle Ludwig Moritz von Lucadou , of a Prussian captain and later major general . He served two years as a bombardier in the field artillery corps, then from 1789 received officer training in the fusilier battalion "von Legat" stationed near Magdeburg . Since the cadet training did not satisfy him mentally, he also learned Greek , Latin , Italian and English during this time . On May 17, 1790, Minutoli was promoted to second lieutenant. He then took part in the campaign against France in 1792/93 and fought near Pirmasens , the Schänzel and the assault on Bitsch . He was seriously wounded in the process and was unable to use his right arm until the end of his life as a result of this wound.

For this reason he was appointed staff captain , teacher and trainer to the aristocratic cadet corps in Berlin in 1794 , and from 1797 he was head of training. In addition to Ernst von Rüchel , Gerhard von Scharnhorst , Albrecht Karl von Hake , Georg Ludwig von Reinbaben , Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Aderkas , the brothers Reinhold and Moritz von Schoeler , professors Christian Kufahl and Christian August Stützer , he was a founding member of the Military Society ; along with General von Rüchel, he was one of the first advocates of general conscription .

In 1810 Friedrich Wilhelm III appointed him . as the tutor of the nine-year-old Prince Carl . He held this position until March 11, 1820.

Restitution stone on the old garrison cemetery in Berlin-Mitte

Minutoli was very interested in archeology. After Prince Carl came of age, Minutoli made numerous trips abroad. In 1820 he was entrusted with the management of the expedition , which toured Egypt until August 1821 at the expense of the government . He was accompanied, among others, by the naturalists Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich , Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg and the architect Ludwig Theodor Liman (1788–1821), who died after arriving in Alexandria on December 13, 1820 from the rigors of the journey. She was also accompanied by the orientalist and theologian Johann Martin Augustin Scholz , who left the company there and embarked for Cairo. On return, the greater part of the Minutolis collections, 97 boxes, were lost when the ship was shipped from Trieste to Hamburg when the sailor “ Gottfried ”, chartered for transport, sank in a hurricane on the night of March 12, 1822 in the Elbe estuary. Only 20 boxes that were transported by land reached Berlin. They were bought by the King of Prussia for 22,000 thalers and formed the basis of the new Egyptian Museum in Berlin .

Heinrich von Minutoli published a German translation in Berlin in 1832 based on the English from the original Spanish manuscript of Capitain Don Antonio del Rio and Dr. Paul Felix Cabrea`s: Teatro critico Americano, or solution of the great historical problems of the American population, together with a raisonnaire list and 14 explanatory panels, depicting the Palenqueschen, the Deppeschen and other American antiquities present in the local art chamber.

Minutoli was made an honorary member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1832 , soon afterwards he was dismissed with the title of lieutenant general and retired to an estate near Lausanne. On December 2, 1845, he received the Order of the Red Eagle First Class for his services . In addition, since 1820 he was the holder of the Order of St. John .

He died on September 16, 1846 in Berlin and was buried in the old garrison cemetery in Berlin-Mitte .

family

In 1801 Minutoli married Charlotte von Woldeck (1781–1863), the daughter of Lieutenant General Alexander Friedrich von Woldeck (1720–1795) and Luise Ernestine von Weltzien (1766–1834). He had three sons with her:

⚭ 1855 Fanny Albertine Possart (1830–1861), two daughters: Anna (1856–1936) and Clara (1857–1872)
⚭ 1863 Bertha Possart

In 1812 Heinrich divorced by mutual agreement. In 1820 he married Wolfardine Countess von der Schulenburg in Trieste , who accompanied him on his expedition to Egypt and wrote a travel report that appeared in several translations.

Fonts

  • Military memories from the diary of Lieutenant General von Minutoli. Printed and published by Ferdinand Reichardt, Berlin 1845, archive.org
  • The campaign of the allies in France in 1792. Striese, Berlin 1847.
  • Contributions to a future biography of Friedrich Wilhelm III. just like some civil servants and officials in his immediate vicinity. Compiled from personal experience and verbally guaranteed communications. Mittler, Berlin 1843-44 digitized
  • The Count of Haugwitz and Job von Witzleben. An encore to my writing, entitled: Contributions to a future biography of Friedrich Wilhelm III. just like some civil servants and officials in his immediate vicinity. Logier, Berlin 1844.
  • About antique glass mosaic. Berlin 1814.
  • Travel to the Temple of Jupiter Ammon and Upper Egypt. Berlin 1824 (with atlas) ( digitized version )
  • Description of an ancient city that was discovered in Guatimala (New Spain), near Palenque . Berlin, 1832., with G. Reimer.
  • About the production and use of colored glasses by the ancients. 1837.
  • Friedrich and Napoleon. Berlin 1840.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Harry Nehls:  Minutoli, Johann Heinrich v .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , pp. 549-551 ( digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Menu from Minutoli, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Menu, Johann Heinrich Karl (birth name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian lieutenant general, explorer and archaeologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 12, 1772
PLACE OF BIRTH Geneva
DATE OF DEATH September 16, 1846
Place of death Berlin