Hessian scholarship institution

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The summer party of the Hessian Scholarship Institute for the 475th anniversary on June 6, 2004

The Hessian Scholarship Institution is an institution of the Philipps University of Marburg . It was founded in 1529 by Landgrave Philipp von Hessen to support talented, destitute students. Today, the Hessian Scholarship Institution is defined by its self-managed student residence , the Collegium Philippinum . The student residence is supported by the state, municipal, church and private sources and is part of the Marburg Palace .

history

From the establishment of the institute to the 19th century

The stables from the southwest

The history of the Hessian Scholarship Institution is closely linked to the history of the Marburg Philipps University. Landgrave Philipp of Hesse decided in the summer of 1524 after meeting Philipp Melanchthon to turn to the Reformation and to implement the ecclesiastical ideas of the new teachings in his territories. For this purpose, he set up an educational concept, which also included the establishment of a university, the restructuring of the school system, but also the establishment of an institution pro studiosis pauperibus , as stated in the 32nd chapter of the Homberg Church Ordinance of 1526. Here it was ordered to set up a house for the poor students in which they could live for three years and to endow this accordingly. From the idea of ​​setting up a house for destitute students, the plan was finally developed to found an institution to support gifted regional children, in which they should be trained according to the new church teachings.

With Philip's invitation to the cities and towns of March 11, 1529, the Landgrave turned to the later presentation cities for the first time, who were to financially secure the facility from then on. From benefices freed by secularization , “one or more scholarship holders, their burger child, at a meltem studio in Marpurg, […] should be held for seven years [so that they can then] everywhere in the stetten, patches and mayors of our principality and to grave, predicants and schoolmasters should be promoted and taken before others. ” The scholarship holders should therefore provide preachers and officials for church and state after their studies. For the annual amount of 15 guilders that each city initially had to pay, the presentation cities were able to present suitable scholarship holders. In the Landgrave's fourth scholarship regulation from 1546, the scholarship holders were finally assigned a shared dormitory in the Marburger Kugelhaus . This project failed, however, and the scholarship holders only came to the Kugelhaus for lunch, which a provost had to take care of every day. Until 1811 they lived in the Collegium Pomerii , the former Franciscan monastery in Marburg. It can be assumed that the grouping of the scholarship holders in one house should serve for better disciplinary supervision.

With the scholarship regulation of 1560, the financial security of the institution was finally reorganized and the scholarship majority was established. In addition to the usual scholarship holders, the stipendiarii minores , whose number was set at 50, from now on 10 theologians were in charge of the stipendiarii maiores . These usually older maiores , who should aim for a scientific career after graduation, should act as role models for the minores and support them in their studies, as well as supervise them in their lifestyle. Likewise, a Praefectus , later an Ephorus , who had to be a member of the theological faculty, supervised the scholarship holders. This office of Ephorus still exists today.

With the division of the former Landgraviate of Hessen-Marburg after the death of the childless Landgrave Ludwig IV in 1604, as a result of which the University of Marburg became Calvinist for some time from 1605 , Landgrave Ludwig V of Hessen-Darmstadt founded the Lutheran State University of in 1607 Giessen as a counter-university. With this, the scholarship institution lost 33 South Hesse presentation cities, and its own Gießen scholarship institution was founded in Gießen, which existed until 1780. After the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War and the departure of all Marburg professors to Giessen, the Marburg University, like the Hessian Scholarship Institute, practically ceased to exist. In 1653, Landgrave Wilhelm VI. von Hessen-Kassel reopened the University of Marburg and the Hessian Scholarship Institute. Since the presentation cities were impoverished as a result of the war and could no longer regularly allocate money to the institution, the Landgrave financed the scholarship institution through levies from the drink tax.

From the 19th century to the construction of the new Collegium Philippinum dormitory in 1946

When Kurhessen became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807 , the community began to decline. The building of the scholarship holders fell into disrepair and the funding was transferred to the state budget. In 1812 the dormitory was demolished and the scholarship holders lost their central apartment building and thus their shared apartment for almost 150 years. Until the new dormitory, the Collegium Philippinum, was founded, the scholarship holders were spread all over Marburg. After the German Revolution in 1849 there was no free meal and the scholarship recipients were only paid the scholarships after regular hard work exams.

It was not until 1927 that attempts were made to revive the Hessian scholarship institution in the Forsthof am Schlossberg with a donation from the Hessian churches. However, the building was used for other purposes soon by the National Socialists. After the Second World War and the occupation of Marburg by the Allies, the Marburg Castle came into the possession of the university. The theology professor Heinrich Frick , who has been Ephorus of the scholarship institution since 1937, campaigned to enable the scholarship holders to live centrally in their own house again. From the summer semester of 1946 onwards, the Marstall in the outer bailey of Marburg Palace became the new dormitory of the Hessian Scholarship Institution . The dormitory of the scholarship holders, which has since been called the Collegium Philippinum, was expanded to include the armory in 1955 and the commandant's office and forge of the Landgrave's castle in 1974 . In honor of Heinrich Frick and his commitment to the old facility, the lounge in the Marstall is called the "Frick room".

The first few years of the new Collegium Philippinum dormitory were marked by financial problems. From the beginning, the facility was dependent on donations. Whether laundry, wheat meal, furniture, pasta or clothes - everything was missing. The scholarship holders received help from the Protestant churches in Hesse, the state of Hesse , from the presentation cities and also from many foreign helpers. This also includes Birger Forell , who was a major sponsor of the Hessian Scholarship Institute and solicited donations in his home country Sweden .

Enforcement of student self-government since 1971

In the following years, life in the scholarship institution was to change decisively. In 1971, the influences of the student movement and the social upheavals of 1968 made themselves felt. In the same year, the participation of the residents in the affairs of the residence was constitutionally anchored. In February 1971 the house meeting drew up a quorum paper. From then on, the house assembly was defined as a body “in which all matters relating to the house community are decided.” After initial hesitation, the university gave in and allowed student participation.

Since then, the house assembly, which acts democratically, has been represented on the administrative commission by two representatives with voting rights. In 2013 the number of representatives was increased to three. The tutor represents the self-administration of the house. With the implementation of student self-administration and co-determination, the residents increasingly advocated gender equality, and in the 1973 summer semester, female students were finally admitted as residents. Over the next few years the Christian-Protestant character of the house declined more and more. The previously mandatory prayers at table have been abolished and theologians have long been a minority within the household. Today 39 students of different nationalities, disciplines, world views and denominations live in the Collegium Philippinum. During their studies, the college students and scholarship holders are accompanied by a repetitioner who is a Protestant pastor. Since the presentation cities only rarely make use of their presentation rights today, almost all house residents are elected by the house assembly after an application. There are exchange programs with students from the United States and Hungary . In 2002 the old regulation of February 11, 1849 was replaced by a new one.

Presentation cities

Since March 11, 1529, the 27 presentation cities have not only been obliged to support the Hessian scholarship institution. You also have the right to appoint an applicant - usually someone from the city or municipality - for admission to the Collegium Philippinum. The city of Alsfeld could become the twenty-eighth presentation city of the Hessian Scholarship Foundation from 2016/2017.

Entrance portal of the scholarship institution at the Marstall building

Important scholarship holders

The history of the scholarship institution spawned several important personalities. These include a .:

Important repeaters

In addition, there were significant repeaters who began their scientific career in the scholarship institution, including:

The Ephori of the Hessian Scholarship Institution

The Ephorus is the head of the Hessian Scholarship Institution and represents the institution externally. For a long time, his duties included the disciplinary supervision of the scholarship holders. a. is responsible for maintaining the scientific character of the house and exercises house rules. The Ephorus is always a professor in the Protestant theology department.

Surname Term of office Remarks
Heinrich Orth (≈1490–1574) - First Ephorus, then still Praefectus
Caspar Rudolphi (1501–1561) -
Wigand Orth (1537–1566) -
Daniel Arcularius (≈1540–1596) -
Kaspar Sturm (~ 1545–1628) -
Georg Cruciger (1575–1637) -
Johannes Steuber (1590–1643) -
Johannes Hein (1610–1686) -
Sebastian Curtius (1620–1684) 1653-1661
Philipp Johann Tilemann (1640–1708) - also called Schenck
Johann Wilhelm Krafft (1696–1767) -
Johann Franz Coing (1725–1792) -
Carl Wilhelm Robert (1740–1803) -
Hermann Hupfeld (1796–1866) -
Ernst Ludwig Theodor Henke (1804–1872) -
Heinrich Hermelink (1877–1958) -
Heinrich Frick (1893–1952) 1937-1952
Theodor Siegfried (1894–1971) 1953-1963
Ernst Würthwein (1909–1996) 1963-1964 Acting Ephorus
Ernst Dammann (1904-2003) 1964-1973
Dietrich von Oppen (1912-2006) 1973-1976
Diethelm Conrad (1933–2011) 1976-1979
Otto Kaiser (1924-2017) 1979-1980
Werner H. Schmidt (* 1935) 1980-1983
Wolfgang Hage (* 1935) 1983-1993
Christoph Elsas (* 1945) 1993-1999
Ulrich Schwab 1999-2001 In the summer semester 2001 the position of the Ephorus was vacant.
Dietrich Korsch (* 1949) 2001-2014
Karl Pinggéra (* 1967) 2014-

Friends and sponsors

Following the wishes of the late Lothar Kanthack, the "Dr. Lothar Kanthack Foundation at the Philipps University of Marburg" , established in 2004, is an independent foundation. The purpose of the foundation is to provide financial support to the Hessian scholarship institution, in particular through financial support for the educational offer at the Hessian scholarship institution and through donations to college students living in the Collegium Philippinum for the acquisition of study-relevant literature.
In 1970, former residents of the home founded the non-profit association “Society of Friends and Supporters of the Hessian Scholarship Institution in Marburg eV” . The goals of the association are to maintain contact and cultivate friendship with the community in the Collegium Philippinum. In addition, the association supports active household life through financial subsidies for study trips, necessary purchases and through the provision of newspapers and scientific and general education magazines. The association meets annually for the association meeting in the Collegium Philippinum of the Hessian Scholarship Institution in Marburg and promotes the active exchange between current residents and alumni at the "Summer Festival of the Collegium Philippinum" .

literature

  • Heinrich Frick : The Hessian scholarship institution in Marburg. In: Wilhelm-Diehl-Festschrift (= contributions to Hessian church history. Vol. 12, ZDB -ID 212035-5 ). Historischer Verein für Hessen, Darmstadt 1941, pp. 252–273 (also reprint).
  • Walter Heinemeyer (Ed.): Study and scholarship. Studies on the history of the Hessian scholarship system (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 37). Elwert, Marburg 1977, ISBN 3-7708-0582-8 .
  • Walter Heinemeyer: The education policy of Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Vol. 21, 1971, ISSN  0073-2001 , pp. 100-128.
  • Heinrich Hermelink : The Philipps University of Marburg 1527-1927. Elwert, Marburg 1927.
  • Lars Hillebold (Ed.): Open-minded. Festschrift for the 475th anniversary of the Hessian Scholarship Institution in Marburg. Stahringer, Ebsdorfergrund 2004, ISBN 3-925600-10-8 .
  • Otto Kaiser : Between Reaction and Revolution. Hermann Hupfeld. (1796-1866). A German professor's life (= treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 268). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-82540-4 .
  • Ludwig Zimmermann: The Hessian scholarship system in the age of the founding of the University of Marburg (1527-1560). In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . Vol. 56 = NF Vol. 46, 1927, pp. 72-123.

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ^ Emil Sehling : The Protestant Church Orders of the XVI. Century. 8th volume: Hessen. 1st half, Tübingen 1965, p. 63 f.
  2. ^ Emil Sehling: The Protestant Church Orders of the XVI. Century. 8th volume: Hessen. 1st half, Tübingen 1965, p. 66.
  3. ^ Bruno Hildebrand : Collection of documents on the constitution and administration of the university under Philipp the Generous. Marburg 1848, No. 11, p. 45. (Digitized at: reader.digitale-sammlungen.de )
  4. ^ Emil Sehling: The Protestant Church Orders of the XVI. Century. 8th volume: Hessen. 1st half, Tübingen 1965, p. 171, note 26.
  5. Fifth Scholarship Regulations 1560
  6. See on this: Wilhelm Diel: History of the Gießen Scholarship Institution . (Digitized version (PDF) on: geb.uni-giessen.de )
  7. ^ Klaus-Dieter Stephan: The Hessian Scholarship Institution from 1946 to 1976. In: Study and scholarship. P. 248.
  8. ^ Klaus-Dieter Stephan: The Hessian Scholarship Institution from 1946 to 1976. In: Study and scholarship. P. 256.
  9. Commission paper that was presented to the House Assembly on February 8, 1971 for resolution.
  10. ^ Oberhessen-live: Alsfeld wants to send scholarship holders to Marburg. In: Oberhessen-Live. June 22, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016 .
  11. ^ A b c d Wilhelm Diel: The scholarship reform Landgrave Philipps i. J. 1560 and the older Marburg scholarship album. In: Philip the Magnanimous. Contributions to the history of his life and time (1904). P. 252.
  12. ^ Hans Günther Bickert: The Armenologist Johann Joachim Schröder. Life and work of an important scholar from the Schwalm. A sketch. In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies. (ZHG) 116 (2011), p. 173.
  13. ^ A b Heinrich Meyer zu Ermgassen: Table and Losament. Food and accommodation for the scholarship holders in Marburg. In: Walter Heinemeyer. Study and scholarship. Studies on the history of the Hessian scholarship system. Marburg 1977, p. 199.
  14. a b Konrad Hamann: Rudolf Bultmann a biography . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-16-148526-8 , p. 41-44 .
  15. See statutes of the Dr. Lothar Kanthack Foundation at the Philipps University of Marburg.
  16. See statutes of the Society of Friends and Sponsors of the Hessian Scholarship Institution in Marburg eV

Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 36.6 "  N , 8 ° 45 ′ 58.4"  E