Johann Hilchen von Lorch

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Johann (III.) Hilchen von Lorch (* 1484 ; † April 15, 1548 in Lorch ) was a knight and imperial field marshal .

Coat of arms of the Hilchen von Lorch

The Hilchen von Lorch family

coat of arms

Blazon : “A silver bar (double ribbon) in black , accompanied by four (or three) at the top and three golden lilies at the bottom . On the silver spangenhelm with black and silver blankets a black hat with a silver forend, this covered with a golden lily, on it a silver ball with black cock feathers. "

Family history

The Hilchen von Lorch family had their headquarters in Lorch . In a document in 1316, the Lorch mayor Herman Helkin (Hilchen) is mentioned as a witness, which is the earliest documented mention. In their heyday in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Hilchen owned properties in Kirchheimbolanden , Utzenhain , Patersberg , St. Goarshausen and Urbar . They owned fiefdoms from the archbishops of Trier and Mainz as well as from the counts of Nassau , Katzenelnbogen and Grenzau .

At that time the family had already branched out into several lines. One of these lines ended when Johann Hilchen von Lorch died in 1548, another on February 2, 1606 with the death of Johann Adam Hilchen von Lorch. The name finally expired on February 14, 1722, with the death of the elderly and unmarried Elector of Trier Colonel Philipp Ludwig Hilchen von Lorch zu Dernbach , the former mayor of Koblenz and commander of the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress . He died in Dernbach and was buried in the parish church in Montabaur . As a sign of the extinction of the name Hilchen von Lorch, the family's heraldic stones were overturned at the funeral ceremony.

However, there is said to have been a male descendant of Philipp (V.) Hilchen von Lorch († 1581) and Ursula von Wallbrunn who was not properly married. He and his descendants only called themselves Hilchen. A famous descendant is said to have been Friedrich Sigismund Waitz von Eschen called Hilchen.

Life

Epitaph Johann II. Hilchen von Lorch and his wife Elsgin von Walderdorff in the parish church of St. Martin (Lorch) the parents of the knight and emperor. Field Marshal Johann III. Hilchen from Lorch

Johann (III.) Hilchen von Lorch was born as the son of Lorcher Schultheißen , knight Johann (II.) Hilchen von Lorch and his wife Elsgin von Walderdorff . His uncle Philipp Hilchen von Lorch was the last prior of the secularized Bleidenstadt monastery and the first dean of the knightly monastery of St. Ferrutius formed from it . His aunt Margarethe Hilchen von Lorch was the abbess of the Mariacron monastery near Oppenheim . Johann Hilchen had a sister named Margarethe. She entered the monastery with her aunt and after her death (around 1518) also became abbess in Mariacron monastery.

Johann (III.) Hilchen von Lorch married Dorothea, the daughter of the knight Melchior von Rüdesheim , on November 25th, 1507 . She also came from a wealthy and well-to-do family. They took up residence at Martinstein Castle , which was one of the fiefdoms of the bride's father. Between mid-July and early August 1512, Johann's wife, then his mother and father, died within just three weeks. Nothing is known about the cause of death; they probably fell victim to an epidemic.

Dorothea left Johann their daughter named Maria. Johann's only child married Adam III., Vogt von Hunolstein and the eldest son of Adam II. Vogt von Hunolstein and Elisabeth von Ratsamhausen in 1529 . Adam III died in 1540, he was apparently poisoned at Oberhomburg Castle . Maria died on October 5, 1561 and was buried next to her husband in the crypt of the Protestant church in Merxheim . Here at her widow's seat she had introduced the Reformation .

Feud with the Count of Wild and Rhine

Franz von Sickingen,
* March 2, 1481, † May 7, 1523

In 1510 Johann Hilchen von Lorch had a feud with the Wild and Rhine Count Philipp von Dhaun (* 1492, † 1521). Because of border disputes between the villages of Simmern unter Dhaun (wild / Rhine Count property) and Horbach (which like Martinstein belonged to his father-in-law), Johann Hilchen von Lorch killed the mayor in the church of Simmern unter Dhaun and shot two arrows at the priest. In retaliation, the Rhine Count occupied part of Horbach and Weitersborn . Johann Hilchen von Lorch, who was admitted to the Steinkallenfels Castle in 1509 , burned down some of the Rheingrafen's villages with his Steinkallenfels friends and killed or abducted their residents.

On complaint of Rhinegrave the imposed Emperor about Johann Hilchen of Lorch breach of the peace, the imperial ban . He had to flee and moved to Bingen am Rhein , which gave him protection. Although the feud was provisionally settled in 1511 through the efforts of the community of Kallenfels, the final reconciliation did not take place until 1515 with the repeal of the imperial ban. The wanton feud had brought Johann Hilchen von Lorch only costs, worries and dangers.

The time with Imperial Knight Franz von Sickingen

In 1518 Johann Hilchen von Lorch supported his friend, the imperial knight Franz von Sickingen , in the feud against the Landgrave of Hesse Philip I. The famous Götz von Berlichingen fought on Sickingen's side . Twelve villages were burned down, Zwingenberg and Umstadt sacked. Johann Hilchen von Lorch is said to have particularly distinguished himself with his men. In the so-called Palatine War of Knights against Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads , Elector of Trier , Johann Hilchen von Lorch rejoined Franz von Sickingen in 1522, whom he had probably already accompanied in the war against France in 1521. The siege of Trier failed. The armed forces of the allies of Kurtrier , which included the Elector Palatine Ludwig the Peaceful and the Landgrave of Hesse Philip the Magnanimous , struck back in the spring of 1523 and defeated the Sickingian armed force. Franz von Sickingen and his vassals, over whom the imperial ban was raised, withdrew to Landstuhl at Nanstein Castle . Sickingen fell on May 7, 1523 when the castle was captured. Johann Hilchen von Lorch was captured and imprisoned in Germersheim . They wanted to move in their property, but with a clever move he had his property transferred to his daughter in good time. In 1525 Johann Hilchen von Lorch was released from prison and returned to “his possessions” in Lorch. It was worse for the heirs of Franz von Sickingen, who initially lost all goods and only got them back 20 years later, when Johann Hilchen von Lorch was promoted to imperial field marshal and campaigned for it with all his might.

On the left the Hilchen v. Lorch, next to it on the right, Johann Hilchen's new house, which he did not live to see completed.
Epitaph of Field Marshal Johann (III.) Hilchen von Lorch in the parish church of St. Martin in Lorch

His rise

The unfortunate outcome of the Trier feud probably caused Hilchen to rethink. From 1527 he was mainly in the service of Emperor Charles V (HRR) and the empire . Johann Hilchen von Lorch was part of the retinue of Archduke Ferdinand, who later became Emperor Ferdinand I (HRR) , during the campaign against the illegally crowned Johann Zápolya . After winning the victory, Johann Hilchen von Lorch was one of the selected knights who were allowed to take part in the ceremonial entry into Stuhlweissenburg . There Ferdinand was crowned king. In 1529 Johann Hilchen von Lorch procured 400 sticks for the emperor for the war against the Turks and took part in the campaign as chief sergeant . In 1533 Johann Hilchen von Lorch entered the service of the Count of Nassau-Dillenburg ( Wilhelm the Rich ) and was appointed to the council by the Elector of the Palatinate . During the Turkish War in 1542, Johann Hilchen von Lorch succeeded the hapless Elector Joachim II Hector of Brandenburg and led the Imperial Army as the highest field marshal . On August 7, 1543, during the war against France, Emperor Charles V (HRR) visited his 35,000-strong army in Bonn. Here he presented Johann Hilchen von Lorch as the "highest field marshal in the war against France", the Reich racing flag .

End of life

In 1546 Johann Hilchen von Lorch had a representative house built in Lorch, the Hilchenhaus , but he did not live to see its completion. Today the building is considered the most important Renaissance building in the Upper Middle Rhine Valley World Heritage Site . In the wake of the Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Johann Hilchen von Lorch still took part in the Reichstag in Augsburg , but returned from illness and died on April 15, 1548 in Lorch.

Inscription on the epitaph Johann Hilchens von Lorch (Lorch parish church)

HERE IS THE NOBLE AND STRICTLY HERE JOHAN HIELCHEN VON LORCH / RITTER AT RETEN ( TIMES ) OF HIS LIFE RÖ ( MISCH ) EMPEROR ( LICHER ) MAJ ( ESTÄ ) T AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE TRAINS AGAINST THE HEIR / FEC AND THE KING OF FRANCE IN THE YEARS MDXXXXII AND IIII SUPERVELT VELTMARSCHALCK ANOTHER STILL VII TRAIN TO HELP DUN HIS AGE LXIIII JAR UFF THE XV APRIL IN JAR MDXXXXVIII TO LORCH IN HIS HOUSE OF GOD VELTMEN BARKIG IN HIS HOUSE OF GOD VELTMEN BARKIG AMEN 1550

(Here lies the noble and strict Mr. Johann Hilchen. During his lifetime knight of the Roman imperial majesty and the Holy Roman Empire. Participated in the campaigns against the Turkish hereditary enemies and the King of France. From 1542 to 1544 he was supreme field marshal He fought in 7 other campaigns. At the age of 63, he died on April 15, 1548, at home in Lorch, in Christian faith in God. May God be gracious and merciful to his soul. Amen 1550)

The campaigns of Hilchen mentioned in the inscription of the ephitaph in chronological order:

literature

  • Friedrich Toepfer: Supplements V. The noble families of Wachenheim, Reipolzkirchen, Rüdesheim and Hilchin von Lorch . In: ders. (Ed.): Document book for the history of the royal and baronial house of the Voegte von Hunolstein , Bd. III. Ms. Campe, Nürnberg 1872, pp. 249–264 ( Google Books )
  • Franz Carl Altenkirch: Lorch in the Rheingau . The story of d. City from its origins to the present. Ed .: City administration Lorch. Lorch city administration, Lorch 1926, DNB  579083640 .
  • Robert Struppmann: Chronicle of the city of Lorch in the Rheingau . Ed .: Maria Kaufmann Foundation. Maria Kaufmann Foundation, Lorch 1981, DNB  871422794 .
  • Winfried Dotzauer: History of the Nahe-Hunsrück area from the beginnings to the French Revolution . Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 2001, ISBN 3-515-07878-9 .
  • Chr. Von Stramberg: Memorable u. useful Rhenish antiquarian . Rudolf Friedrich Hergt. Coblenz, 1861.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gruber, at Zobel on plates 207-208, Siebmacher Volume: NaA, page: 30, plate: 49 and Munich calendar from 1934.
  2. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts , Volume 2, 1831, p. 111 f.
  3. ^ Document book for the history of the noble and baronial house of Hunolstein, Friedrich Toepfer 1872, Volume 3
  4. ^ Inscription catalog Bad Kreuznach: No. 287 † Merxheim, Evang. Parish church
  5. ↑ German biography Joachim II. - Life
  6. ^ "Johann Hilchen" , in F.Otto: Annalen des Verein für Nassauische Altertumskunde a. Historical research published in 1892, volume: 24, page 19.20
personal data
SURNAME Hilchen von Lorch, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hilchen, Johann; Hilchen von Lorch, Johann III.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION imperial field marshal
DATE OF BIRTH 1484
DATE OF DEATH April 15, 1548
Place of death Lorch