Ingall

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Ingall rural parish
Ingall rural community (Niger)
Ingall rural parish
Ingall rural parish
Coordinates 16 ° 47 '  N , 6 ° 56'  E Coordinates: 16 ° 47 '  N , 6 ° 56'  E
Basic data
Country Niger

region

Agadez
department Ingall
ISO 3166-2 NE-1
Residents 51,903 (2012)
politics
mayor Mohamed Ghabdouane (2012)

Ingall (other spellings: In-Gall, In Gall, In-Gall, Ingal ) is a rural municipality and the capital of the Ingall department of the same name in Niger .

geography

Main street in Ingall (2019)

The municipality is divided into 45 administrative villages, three hamlets, 16 camps and 90 water points. The main town of the rural parish is the administrative village of Ingall, an oasis in the Ténéré desert, which is at an altitude of around 490 m. ü. M. lies. The ruined city of Takedda and the border town of Assamaka are in the municipality of Ingall . The municipality borders on the neighboring state of Algeria in the north and on the neighboring state of Mali in the northwest . The neighboring communities in Niger are Aderbissinat , Dabaga , Dannet and Tchirozérine in the east, Bermo , Gadabédji and Tarka in the south and Abalak , Tamaya , Tassara and Tillia in the west.

history

Ingal in Stieler's Hand Atlas (1891)

Ingall was conquered in 1370 by troops from the Mali Empire , which was expanding to the east . Copper was mined in the Ingall area until the Middle Ages.

The French administration at the time set up a school in Ingall in 1947 especially for the nomadic population. 1964 an administrative reform divided Niger into seven departments, the predecessors of the later regions, and 32 arrondissements, the predecessors of the later departments. Ingall was added to the newly created Arrondissement Agadez, but received - like Iférouane - the status of an administrative post ( poste administratif ) in the area of ​​the Arrondissement. Administrative posts were special territorial units one level below the arrondissements, which were regarded as a kind of preliminary stage for a later conversion into a separate arrondissement. The area of ​​the Arrondissement Agadez was divided into the Arrondissements Arlit and Tchirozérine in 1969 . Ingall was slammed into the arrondissement of Tchirozérine. In 1998, the previous Arrondissements of Nigers were converted into departments.

The 1983 Dakar Rally led via Ingall. In 2009, floods caused material damage in various places in the municipality, which directly affected over 1,000 residents. Since 2011, the rural community no longer belongs to the Tchirozérine department, but to the newly created Ingall department. The previous administrative post was raised to the capital of the department.

population

At the 2001 census, Ingall had 30,060 residents, 5601 of them in the administrative village of Ingall. At the 2012 census, the population was 51,903. The sedentary population includes Songhai and Tuareg , the transhumant Tuareg and Fulbe . In the oases of Ingall and Tegguida-n-Tessoum , around 8,000 people (as of 1998) speak the northern Songhai language, Tasawaq , which is native only here. Tasawaq- Erstsprecher use Hausa or Tamascheq - variety Tawallammat . The Songhai Berber mixed language Tagdal is spoken in the villages of Mazababou and Tiguirwit, which are part of the municipality of Ingall .

Culture and sights

Geerewol in the Ingall area (video, 58 sec)

Ingall is known for the traditional festivals that are celebrated during the summer rainy season . These are the Tuareg tendé festival and the Wodaabe's Guérewol ceremonies , which are celebrated near the village.

Not far from the market, in the center of the village, is the Friday Mosque , a courtyard mosque from 1970. Its state of preservation is described as very good. The area covers an estimated total area of ​​900 square meters. The courtyard wall is taller than a man. In the enclosed courtyard there is a medium-high, multi-level Adhān pedestal. The prayer room building is designed as a transverse system and houses a mihrāb - abside with a gable-like tip on the east side. Numerous gargoyles are embedded deep in the wall crown and the mihrāb abside.

To the east of the Friday Mosque, but also in the center of the village, is the oldest mosque in Ingalls. The almost 250 square meter facility dates from the 16th century and shows significant traces of erosion. The courtyard walls are also quite weathered. A madrasa is housed in an outbuilding . Another low Adhān pedestal can be found at the southeast corner of the courtyard, and another three-tiered platform at the northeast corner of the courtyard. A magnificent acacia tree stands in front of the courtyard facade . The prayer room building is also created here as a transverse system and has a mihrāb apse.

Economy and Infrastructure

The Azelik uranium mine in Ingall started operations in 2010. The south of the municipality can still be used for pasture farming. There is a cattle market in each of the villages of Ingall and Amataltal. Market day in Ingall is on Saturday and in Amataltal, where the breeders sell their animals themselves, on Monday. The Tiguirwit dam was built near the hamlet of Tiguirwit at the end of the 1960s . In the main town there has been a local radio communautaire since September 2000 . Ingall is located on national road 11 , which leads south from here via the regional capitals Agadez and Zinder to the state border with Nigeria .

The drinking water in Ingall has harmful fluorine levels . In Niger, comparatively poor values ​​were only measured in Koundoumaoua and Tibiri .

Parish partnership

Ingall maintains a community partnership with the Communauté de communes d'Arguenon et Hunaudaye , an association of the French communities Dolo , Jugon-les-Lacs , Plédéliac , Plénée-Jugon , Plestan and Tramain .

Personalities

  • Mouma Bob (1963-2016), guitarist and singer-songwriter
  • Akoli Daouel (* 1937), politician, journalist and entrepreneur

literature

  • Abdoulkader Aghali: La commune d'In Gall (2) (=  Etudes et Travaux du LASDEL . No. 61 ). LASDEL, Niamey / Parakou October 2007 ( lasdel.net [PDF]).
  • Abdoulkader Aghali: La commune d'In Gall (3) (=  Etudes et Travaux du LASDEL . No. 73 ). LASDEL, Niamey / Parakou October 2008 ( lasdel.net [PDF]).
  • Dorothee Gruner: The clay mosque on the Niger. Documentation of a traditional building type . Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-515-05357-3 .
  • Aboubacar Adamou: Agadez et sa region. Contribution à l'étude du Sahel et du Sahara nigériens (= Études Nigériennes . No. 44). IFAN, Paris 1979.

Web links

Commons : Ingall  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Répertoire National des Communes (RENACOM) ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Institut National de la Statistique website, accessed November 8, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stat-niger.org
  2. ^ Republic of Niger: Loi n ° 2002-014 du 11 JUIN 2002 portant création des communes et fixant le nom de leurs chefs-lieux .
  3. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 68.
  4. ↑ Zbigniew A. Konczacki, Janina M. Konczacki (ed.): An Economic History of Tropical Africa. The Pre-Colonial Period . Routledge, London 1977, p. 94 ( Google Books ).
  5. ↑ Conference Régionale sur la Problématique de l'éducation en milieu nomade dans l'espace sahélo-saharians. (PDF file) (No longer available online.) SE SDS Sahel Niger, 2013, p. 2 , archived from the original on January 7, 2015 ; Retrieved January 7, 2015 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.adeanet.org
  6. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 275.
  7. ↑ Aboubacar Adamou: Agadez et sa Région (=  Études Nigériennes . No. 44 ). Pr. De Copédith, Paris 1979, p. 2 .
  8. ↑ Historique de la decentralization. ANIYA. Réseau des collectivités nigériennes et françaises, archived from the original on April 6, 2012 ; Retrieved January 28, 2014 (French).
  9. ↑ Dakar Retrospective 1979–2007. (PDF) Amaury Sport Organization, archived from the original on July 8, 2011 ; accessed on February 14, 2018 (English).
  10. ↑ Situation des besoins des populations victimes d'inondations (2009) ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Center d'Information et de Communication website, published on September 22, 2009, accessed on March 31, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cic.ne
  11. ↑ Une nouvelle loi sur le redécoupage administratif . In: L'Arbre à Palabres . No. 13 , August 11, 2011, p. 2 ( PDF file [accessed January 28, 2014]).
  12. ^ Institut Nationale de la Statistique du Niger (ed.): Annuaire statistique des cinquante ans d'indépendance du Niger . Niamey 2010 ( online version ; PDF; 2.99 MB), p. 53.
  13. ↑ Presentation of the results globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP / H) de 2012. (PDF file) Institut National de la Statistique, 2014, accessed on April 18, 2014 (French ).
  14. ↑ a b Jolijn Geels: Niger . Bradt, Chalfont St Peter 2006, ISBN 1-84162-152-8 , p. 158.
  15. ↑ Tasawaq. In: Ethnologue: Languages ​​of the World. Seventeenth edition. SIL International, 2013, accessed July 6, 2013 .
  16. ↑ Michael J. Rueck, Niels Christiansen: Northern Songhay Languages ​​in Mali and Niger. A Sociolinguistic Survey. (No longer available online.) SIL International, 1999, archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; accessed on July 6, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-01.sil.org
  17. ↑ a b c Dorothee Gruner, Die Lehmmoschee am Niger , p. 376 (see lit.)
  18. ↑ Aboubacar Adamou: Agadez et sa région , p. 60 ff.
  19. ^ First uranium from Niger mine. World Nuclear News, January 4, 2011, accessed June 26, 2013 .
  20. ^ Comprendre l'économie des ménages ruraux au Niger . Save the Children UK, London 2009 ( online version ( memento of the original from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ; PDF; 2.6 MB), p. 8. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.savethechildren.org.uk
  21. ^ Mahamadou Saley, Yatta Paul Maurice Mohamed: Projet Régional d'Appui au Pastoralisme au Sahel (PRAPS). Etude diagnostique des Systèmes d'Information sur les marchés à bétail du Burkina Faso, du Mali, de la Mauritanie, du Niger, du Sénégal et du Tchad. Définitif report. (PDF) CILSS , November 2016, accessed on May 2, 2018 (French).
  22. ↑ Inventaire des petits barrages du Niger . Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), December 1996, p. 10 ( repository.uneca.org [PDF; accessed September 23, 2018]).
  23. ↑ La situation de la communication pour le développement au Niger (Etat des lieux). Tome 1. (PDF file; 461 kB) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003, p. 23 , accessed on November 1, 2019 (French).
  24. ↑ AS Manzola, MS Laouali, M. Ben Amor: A comparative study of the defluoridation efficiency of synthetic dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and lacunar hydroxyapatite (L-HAp): An application of synthetic solution and Koundoumawa field water . In: African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology . Vol. 9, No. 2 , 2015, p. 112 ( ajol.info [accessed May 2, 2018]).
  25. ^ Jean-Claude Peyronnet: La solidarité internationale à l'échelle des territoires: état des lieux et perspectives. Annexe 5: Document de travail de l'ambassade de France au Niger sur les coopérations décentralisées dans ce pays. Senate of the French Republic, November 13, 2012, accessed July 6, 2013 (French).
  26. ↑ Notre collectivité. (No longer available online.) Communauté de communes d'Arguenon et Hunaudaye, archived from the original on September 4, 2013 ; Retrieved July 6, 2013 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.arguenon-hunaudaye.fr