Inn-Salzach construction method

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View of a row of houses on the town square of Mühldorf a. Inn

The Inn-Salzach construction method , also known as the Inn-Salzach style , describes a typical design in old towns in the Inn and Salzach region . Several houses form a closed ensemble with false facades in front of the actual roof. The core area is the area between Innsbruck , Passau and Hallein , but the style extends as far as South Tyrol, Upper and Lower Austria, and passed on through these countries to Moravia and Silesia.

Features of the Inn-Salzach construction method

Tittmoning with false facades from behind and in front

The Inn-Salzach construction method only refers to town houses in the area; it did not incorporate any formative style elements in farmhouses or church buildings.

The most striking feature is the upward front of the house, which mostly hides the roof when viewed from the street. It makes the house appear cubic and monumental. Sometimes the gables are decorated with ledges or curved. After some devastating fires in this area, this construction method was used around the 16th to 17th centuries. Introduced in the 19th century. The high walls between the roofs should prevent the fire from spreading and make it easier to fight the fire by leaning against ladders in a safer way.

View of Freistadt, the ditch roofs and the back of the facade walls clearly visible in the foreground

The town house no longer emerges as a single building, but rather canyon-like rows of houses and broad, closed-looking market streets and squares. The individual house forms a flat, often almost rectangular face, which is plastered with light colors, which makes a friendly impression. Arcades, bay windows extending over several floors and stucco often loosen up the frontal areas.

The roof of the houses is designed as a trench roof with rain gutters in the middle of the house. The gable side of the roof faces the street (in contrast to Italian houses with false facades, where the eaves side of the roof is parallel to the street).

Adolf Schaubach describes in his work The German Alps of 1845:

“The Innthal also sets a limit in other respects, namely the architectural style of the cities and markets, which differs significantly from that of the rest of Germany; I mean those tall, white-painted houses with masked roofs, which thereby acquire an oriental or southern Italian appearance, with arcades on their ground floor. […] The protruding oriels (in the mountains, not in the foreland) take the place of the balcony […]. "

The fact that Schaubach describes the chalk-white whitewash as typical shows that today's brightly colored coloring is secondary: It dates back to the early days of the late 19th century, when mass-produced mineral pigments with whitewashing agents became affordable. The facade decoration is also a revision of historicism and follows the fashions of the big cities.

Architecture examples

  • Rosenheim

  • Burghausen

  • Parish churches

  • Ried im Innkreis

  • New Town Hall, Bad Reichenhall

Typical places

“If you travel from Munich to Salzburg, you will first find this type of construction in the original moated castle on the Inn; also in Salzburg, Traunstein, Hallein, Gmünd, Linz, Enns, etc; likewise even in the mountains in Innthale ascended, then the burner, the Eisackthal down in Pusterthale and German Adige valley , z. B. Innsbruck, Rattenberg, Sterzingen, Brunnecken, Lienz etc; with Welsch-Tyrol and Italy this type of construction ends again. "

- Schaubach, 1845
(1) after a major fire in the 18th century and numerous demolitions in recent times, only rudimentary preserved
(2) only partially preserved after historicistic remodeling. Baroque paintings show the city as a pure Inn-Salzach offshoot.

literature

  • Johannes Klinger : The architecture of the Inn-Salzach cities . Wasserburger Verlag, Wasserburg 2006, ISBN 3-938974-00-1
  • Bernhard Sattler, Bernhard Ettelt: The town house between Inn and Salzach . Pannonia-Verlag, Raubling 1979, ISBN 3-7897-0080-0
  • Max Eberhard Schuster: Innstädte and their alpine architecture. Callwey-Verlag, Munich 1951
  • Max Eberhard Schuster: The community center in the Inn and Salzach area (The German community center, Volume 5). Wasmuth, Tübingen 1964

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the rural areas of the area, fan painting has been the status of decoration since the mid-19th century.
  2. ↑ a b Adolph Schaubach: The German Alps: a handbook for travelers through Tyrol, Austria, Steyermark, Illyria, Upper Bavaria and adjacent areas . 1st edition. First part. General description. . F. Frommann, Jena 1845, The northern foreland of the German Alps. Picturesque , S. 142 ( Google eBook ).