Ise (river)
| Ise | ||
 Watermill on the Ise in Wahrenholz , |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | EN : 4816 | |
| location | Germany , ( Saxony-Anhalt , Lower Saxony ) | |
| River system | Weser | |
| Drain over | Aller → Weser → North Sea | |
| source | West of Neuekrug 52 ° 46 ′ 29 ″ N , 10 ° 47 ′ 49 ″ E |
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| Source height | 76 m above sea level NHN | |
| muzzle | In downtown Gifhorn in the Aller coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 5 ″ N , 10 ° 32 ′ 22 ″ E 52 ° 29 ′ 5 ″ N , 10 ° 32 ′ 22 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 50.5 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | 25.5 m | |
| Bottom slope | 0.51 ‰ | |
| length | 49.7 km | |
| Catchment area | 422.31 km² | |
| Left tributaries | Fulau, Isebeck , Knesebach , Kiekenbruchrönne, Momerbach, Riet, Fischergraben, Flotte, Sauerbach | |
| Right tributaries | Gose , Emmer Bach , Bruno , Beberbach , Heestenmoorkanal | |
| Flowing lakes | Mill Lake | |
| Medium-sized cities | Gifhorn | |
| Communities | Stöcken (district of Wittingen ), Wollerstorf (district of Wittingen), Wentorf (district of Obernholz ), Hankensbüttel , Alt Isenhagen (district of Hankensbüttel), Wunderbüttel (district of Wittingen), Schönewörde , Wahrenholz , Wagenhoff , Neudorf-Platendorf (district of Sassenburg ), Kästorf (district of Gifhorn), Gamsen (district of Gifhorn), | |
| Water bodies 14002 and 14003 | ||
 Ise with boat rental on the B 188 at Jägerhof just before the confluence with the Aller near Gifhorn |
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The Ise is a 49.7 km long, canal-like river in eastern Lower Saxony , which has been revitalized since 1987. It crosses the Gifhorn district from north to south and flows into the Aller in Gifhorn .
course
The source of the Ise is at an altitude of 74 m above sea level. NHN , between Neuekrug and Lüben , the mouth at 51 m in Gifhorn. The river is 49.7 km long and the gradient is very weak at 0.05%. The Isewasser flows over Aller and Weser into the North Sea . As a rule, the river crosses wide, flat meadows far away from localities in an already sparsely populated area. The Great Moor has formed in the valley of the Ise . In the entire course of the river, its floodplain is today strongly characterized by agricultural use (mainly arable farming in the upper and lower reaches).
The Ise is formed west of Neuekrug in Saxony-Anhalt , directly on the former inner-German border with Lower Saxony, through the confluence of several small bodies of water. In the border area with Lower Saxony, the Ise often falls dry in summer. After the inflow of the Rade trench, the water flow is more stable.
The Ise then flows near the towns of Stöcken , Wollerstorf , Wentorf , Hankensbüttel , Alt Isenhagen , Wunderbüttel , Schönewörde , Wahrenholz , Wagenhoff , Neudorf-Platendorf , Kästorf , Gamsen to Gifhorn . The Ise has its only gauge at Neudorf-Platendorf, 13.4 km before its mouth .
Shortly before the mouth of the river in Gifhorn, the Ise feeds the mill lake of the Gifhorn mill museum and the castle lake of Gifhorn castle . In the city center of Gifhorn it flows into the Aller , after it was dammed shortly before for the Cardenapmühle, which has been at this point since the 16th century. Before that, the mill was located closer to the center of Gifhorn and had been in operation as a water mill since at least January 27, 1213 (mentioned in a deed of donation from Otto IV. ) Until its closure in 2004, it was considered one of the oldest still working mills in Europe. Gifhorn is characterized in older encyclopedias as the old swamp castle on the Aller and Ise.
Catchment area
The Ise has a catchment area of 421 km². This is cut in a north-south direction by the Elbe Lateral Canal , which runs here at a height of 65 m above sea level. The natural waters cross under the canal in culverts .
Gose , Emmer Bach , Bruno (with Oerrelbach ) and Beberbach flow to the Ise one after the other , from the left there are Fulau, Isebeck , Knesebach , Kiekenbruchrönne, Momerbach, Riet, Fischergraben, Flotte and Sauerbach.
The catchment area of the middle Elbe begins to the east of the northern Isegarden ; the border ditch Weddekath connects, along the state border of Lower Saxony to Saxony-Anhalt, the upper Ise with the upper Ohre , which drains to the southeast to the Elbe.
Water quality
The Lower Saxony water quality report from 2004 assesses the chemical water pollution of the Ise differently. The values for organic pollution, nitrate, ammonium and phosphate pollution ranged between slightly polluted and critically polluted. At the Jägerhof excursion restaurant on the B 188 near Gifhorn there has been a quality measuring point since 1967, where the water quality is examined. The aquatic plant species long-leaved pondweed, which is threatened with extinction in Lower Saxony, grows lush in this area .
Recreational use, nature conservation
The Ise was previously maintained by the “Iseverband” water association in Wahrenholz, and now by the Aller-Ohre association in Gifhorn. There is no shipping traffic on the river, but it is well suited for canoe tours (boat rental at Gifhorn).
The Ise and its surroundings have been discovered as a valuable natural area since the 1970s, so that nature conservation is now a focus. This led to the fact that the state of Lower Saxony proposed the Ise from the confluence of the Gosebach to the Mühlensee in Gifhorn as an FFH area in 2005 . The proposal also includes parts of the Gosebach, Emmer-Bach, Bruno / Oerrelbach and Beberbach tributaries. In 2007 the river system was recognized by the EU as an FFH area and included in the European Natura 2000 network of protected areas . The area has been secured as a nature reserve " Ise with tributaries " since June 30, 2018 .
The Ise is linked via the Gosebach with the EU bird sanctuary “Schweimker Moor” and via Bruno / Oerrelbach with the FFH area “Rössenbergheide-Külsenmoor, Heiliger Hain”.
In Gifhorn there is no continuity of the water system due to the dam at the Cardenapmühle. The structure prevents the upward movement of water organisms from the Aller (FFH area "Aller (with Barnbruch ), lower Leine, lower Oker").
Target species in Annex II of the FFH directive are Isegebiet loach (Cobitis taenia), lamprey (Lampetra planeri) Bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), otters (Lutra lutra) and Green Snaketail (Ophiogomphus Cecilia).
Otter settlement
The Emmer Bach, which flows into the Ise, flows through Hankensbüttel , where the Otter Center is located. The Otter Center has become a highly frequented tourist destination with around 100,000 visitors annually. Work has been going on there since 1987 on the revitalization of the Ise. As part of a test and development project (E + E project), extensive measures were implemented in the lowlands. The aim was to develop the water as dynamically as possible. The main species for the project was the otter . Since 1987, the otter protection campaign has bought around 500 hectares of agricultural land on the river, a large part of which has been converted into grassland . There were also 46 km of bank margins that were free from use, and alders were planted. The development was documented and evaluated as part of long-term scientific monitoring.
Reception of the river name
The former Isenhagen district , now part of the Gifhorn district, had the river name in its name. The local newspaper is still called "Isenhagener Kreisblatt". This name was conveyed by the place name Isenhagen: the old Isenhagen monastery is located near the river . It was used as a monastery until the Reformation and has been an evangelical women's monastery ever since.
Former rafting company
In 1571, Duke Wilhelm the Younger of Celle was presented with the plan to operate rafting on the Ise . It was intended to transport wood from stately forests to the royal seat of Celle, where it was used as firewood to heat the Celle Castle and other princely buildings. On the Ise, north of Gifhorn, there were several stately forest areas that were used for logging. The project was not implemented for unknown reasons. In 1617, the offices of Knesebeck and Gifhorn proposed to the Duke of Celle, this time Christian the Elder , that wood be transported by raft to Celle. According to estimates at the time, transporting it by horse-drawn carriage was about 10 times as laborious as the waterway. The implementation failed because of the Thirty Years' War that began in 1618 . Only the Duke of Celle, Christian Ludwig , introduced rafting. To this end, in 1659 he called a forester from Harzburg and a surveyor from Clausthal for advice. In the Harz there was long experience with rafting, where wood was needed to operate ironworks . According to the advice of the advisors, the river was cleared of deadwood , stones, bushes and sediments in 1659 by several hundred conscripted farmers . There was extensive earthworks to the many meanders to eliminate and reduce the flow of history. When the canals were pierced, oxbow lakes formed in the Isen lowlands . Wooden locks with raft lanes were also set up at Wahrenholz and Gifhorn. The first trial rafting took place in 1659, and rafting officially began on the Ise in 1661. 4,400 cubic meters of firewood were brought to Gifhorn and from there over the Aller to Celle. At first around 100 men were used for this. At critical points, such as locks, bends, bridges and oxbow lakes, stuck wood was set in motion again. Later, fewer workers were used. In good conditions, the rafting took 10 days to Celle, otherwise up to 3 weeks.
On the Ise there were 10 binding points where the wood was tied together to make rafts. The rafts were about 2.5 m wide and about 20 m long. The crew consisted of 2-3 raftsmen . Loss of wood occurred through sinking and also through wood theft. In Gifhorn, where the Ise flows into the Aller, the wood went on to Celle. In Celle it was brought ashore at a needle weir. After the death of Duke Georg Wilhelm in 1705, the logging business on Ise and Aller went back to Celle. When the court was moved to Hanover, the baroque splendor of the royal seat of Celle died out. After that, raft traders took over the business. Around 1880 the Ise rafting came to a standstill. The cause was the expansion of paths and roads and the establishment of sawmills near the forest.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Excerpt from the digital topographic map 1: 25,000 (DTK25) of the State Office for Geoinformation and Land Surveying Lower Saxony (LGLN) in the interactive environmental maps of the environmental administration of the Lower Saxony Ministry for the Environment, Energy and Climate Protection . Accessed and received on October 23, 2017.
- ↑ Excerpt from the official map 1: 5000 (AK5), topographic map of the State Office for Geoinformation and Land Surveying Lower Saxony (LGLN) in the interactive environmental maps of the environmental administration of the Lower Saxony Ministry for the Environment, Energy and Climate Protection . Accessed and received on October 23, 2017.
- ↑ NLWKN : Inventory of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive, processing area Aller Quelle , Braunschweig November 2004, Table 01. 14 Aller Quelle. Retrieved March 23, 2015 .
- ↑ NLWKN : Area directory for the Lower Saxony Hydrographic Map , as of 2010, p. 41. Retrieved from Umwelt.niedersachsen.de on August 19, 2013
- ↑ Water quality report Aller / Quelle with Ise of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation
- ↑ Information Service for Nature Conservation Lower Saxony 1/2008, 28th year, Hanover 2008: Overview map 1: 500,000 of the Natura 2000 areas in Lower Saxony.
- ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC (Habitats Directive) of the Council of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild animals and plants (OJ EC No. L 206, p. 7), last amended by Directive 2006 / 105 / EC of the Council of November 20, 2006 (OJ EC No. L 363, p. 368)
literature
- Jürgen Delfs: The rafting on Ise, Aller and Örtze . Gifhorn 1995, ISBN 3-929632-24-1 .
