Isenburg (Hattingen)

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Isenburg
House Custodis within the ruins of the Isenburg

House Custodis within the ruins of the Isenburg

Alternative name (s): Isenberg Castle, Castrum Ysenberg
Creation time : 1193 to 1199
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Count
Place: Hattingen
Geographical location 51 ° 23 '15 "  N , 7 ° 9' 8"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 23 '15 "  N , 7 ° 9' 8"  E
Isenburg (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Isenburg
View of the Isenberg with the Isenburg ruins and the Custodis house above the quarry
Keep from the upper castle
View of the lower castle
Reconstruction and security work
Excavated foundation walls

The Isenburg in Hattingen , called Burg Isenberg in old documents , was built for Arnold von Altena (1173–1209) on the Isenberg west of the city between 1193 and 1199. Destroyed in 1225, the Spornburg remains today as a ruin on a steep rock spur above the Hattinger Ruhrschleife . Within the ruins is the 19th century country house Custodis .

location

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Isenberg had an ideal location, both strategically and geographically. It was located between the capital of the Archdiocese of Cologne (50 km) and the capital of the Duchy of Westphalia Soest (70 km) exactly on what was then Hilinciweg (Kleiner Hellweg, west of the castle) and its transition over the Ruhr at a ford . However, this ford was not on the old trunk road between Cologne and Soest. To this day, its name tells of the reference to iron , which is contained literally as the Low German Isen . The castle was also the administrative center of the county of Isenberg.

investment

At the time of its construction, the Romanesque complex represented an unusually large fortification. The castle consists of the so-called upper and lower castle, each about 120 m long and extending over the ridge of the Isenberg.

At that time, intensive iron smelting took place at the castle. Within its wide walls in the lower castle were two racing fire stoves and associated workshops. The only access was through the retracted chamber gate of the lower castle on the Ruhr side. From this gate only the western gate cheek is preserved. The eastern part of the gate slipped due to the stone quarrying later. In the lower castle are the ruins of a residential tower , a Pochhaus (Werkhaus) and a forge . The main gate is like u in the palace of the upper castle integrated. From there it went through a third gate to the former "Burggarten". Today this gate leads into nowhere - this part of the castle has also slipped on the steep mountain. In addition to the living quarters of the count family, the palace building also contained the chapel and the so-called Burgmannenhaus.

At the south-western end of the castle complex is the ruin of the keep . Since the castle was most threatened by a relatively wide rock plateau, the tower was specially protected by a curtain wall and a ditch . Like the keep of the family's ancestral castle, Altena Castle , this tower has a horseshoe-shaped floor plan. With a width of around 20 m, it was one of the largest towers of its kind.

Remnants of plaster on the northern wall show that the castle was originally plastered and painted white or light.

history

In a document from the year 1200, the castle was first mentioned as Castrum Ysenberg . In 1217, Count Arnold's son took the name Friedrich von Isenberg (1193–1226). He killed his second uncle, Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne . As a result imposed Emperor Frederick the imperial ban and the Pope excommunicated over the Isenberger. The Isenberg castles Novus Pons ( Nienbrügge , on the Lippe , west of Hamm ) and the Isenburg were then besieged by troops of the vassals of the new Archbishop of Cologne, Heinrich von Molenark, and some of them were razed to the ground using the slash fire process . On November 14, 1226, one year after the deed, Count Friedrich von Isenberg was publicly executed for his deed in Cologne by being whacked .

In order to prevent the rebuilding of the Isenburg, Count Adolf I von der Mark , who was involved in the siege, had Blankenstein Castle near Hattingen built from the stones of the destroyed castle between 1227 and 1230 . Today it is proven that the material of the Blankenstein Castle does not come from the Isenburg.

Count Dietrich von Altena-Isenberg , the son of Friedrich, had the Neue Isenburg built in Essen in 1241 to demonstrate his alleged inheritance claim to the bailiwick rights of the Essen Abbey in relation to the Archdiocese of Cologne . However, his claim was unsuccessful. Dietrich was finally enfeoffed with the small county of Limburg .

A quarry had been located on the rock face on the east side since 1845. Later, in 1914, part of the castle wall slipped as a result.

In 1858, the Düsseldorf architect Max Joseph Custodis had the Custodis country house, named after him, built over the ruins of the palace, which had not been uncovered at the time, and served as a summer house for the artist and builder's family.

The Isenburg open-air theater south of the Halsgraben was built in the 1930s and inaugurated in 1933. During this time, many thing sites were built.

Some parts of the Isenburg were exposed again between 1969 and 1989 by a total of 500 students from the Waldstraße high school in Hattingen, the so-called "Buddel-AG" under the direction of the director of studies Heinrich Eversberg .

According to an old book by Gottfried Henßen, "Berg und Mark", there is said to be a treasure of gold that has not yet been found on the property.

Todays use

Today the castle ruins are a publicly accessible monument. It can be reached from the higher, southern side past the neck ditch and keep.

Today, the Association for the Preservation of the Isenburg not only maintains the castle complex, but also the museum in the Custodis House with research and excavation results on the Isenburg. Further finds are exhibited in the iron house in Hattingen's old town. The museum at the castle is open on weekends. The Isenburg and Haus Custodis are owned by the city of Hattingen. House Custodis is now an exposed official residence of the Hattingen preservationist.

literature

  • Ludwig Bender: The Isenberg, the eight hundred year history of its counts, and Isenberg Castle near Werden: together with historical notes about the surrounding area and a floor plan of the former castle on the Isenberg; Historical images from the German Middle Ages . 3rd, corrected and supplemented edition Joost, Langenberg 1883 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Heinrich Eversberg: Count Friedrich von Isenberg and the Isenburg. Hattinger local history writings. Vol. 33. Homeland and History Association, Hattingen 1990.
  • Heinrich Eversberg: Isenberg Castle in Hattingen ad Ruhr , Hattingen: Association for the preservation of d. Isenburg eV, 1987
  • Heinrich Eversberg: Iron smelting and iron processing in Isenberg Castle in Hattingen ad Ruhr between 1194 and 1225 , Hattinger local history writings; No. 28, Association for Conservation d. Isenburg: Hattingen 1982
  • Wilhelm Mauren: The conflict between Count Friedrich von Isenberg and Archbishop Engelbert of Cologne , Hattingen: Association for the preservation of Isenburg, 2000
  • Jürgen Uphues: Isenberg Castle in Hattingen , Hattingen: Association for the Preservation of Isenburg, 1999
  • Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Hattingen / Arbeitsgemeinschaft Isenburg (ed.): Isenberg Castle in Hattingen an der Ruhr 1200–1225. Historia from Count Friedrich von Isenberg. Printed in 1592. Newly published for the anniversary year 1975 . Hattingen: self-published by the association, 1975
  • Paul-Georg Custodis : The "House Custodis" on the Isenburg near Hattingen (North Rhine-Westphalia) , in: Castles and Palaces: Journal for Castle Research and Monument Preservation / Ed. And publisher: European Castle Institute, establishment of the German Castle Association; Volume 47 (2006), 2, pp. 104-109, ISSN  0007-6201
  • Stefan Leenen: Isenberg Castle in Hattingen, Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis , in: Issue 25 of the series Early Castles in Westphalia , Münster 2006

Web links

Commons : Isenburg (Hattingen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/hattingen/die-teilwand-des-isenbergs-id7496208.html
  2. ^ Quote from Jürgen Uphues, Chairman of the Association for the Preservation of Isenburg. https://www.waz.de/staedte/hattingen/freilichtbuehne-an-der-isenburg-ist-keine-spielstaette-mehr-id210552665.html
  3. ↑ http://www.burg-isenberg.de/Museum/index.html