Iwan Iwanowitsch Chemnitzer

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Iwan Iwanowitsch Chemnitzer ( PF Borel , 1869)

Iwan Iwanowitsch Chemnitzer ( Russian Иван Иванович Хемницер ; * 5 January July / 16 January  1745 greg. In the Jenotajewka fortress ; † 19 March July / 30 March 1784 greg. In Bornova ( Smirna )) was a Russian marquee , Poet and translator .  

Life

Chemnitzer's father was a Saxon doctor who came to Russia at the invitation of Peter I from Chemnitz . In 1755 the family moved to St. Petersburg , where the son was to study medicine . Instead, Chemnitzer joined the Imperial Russian Army at the age of thirteen and took part in the Seven Years War . He became a lieutenant and switched to community service in 1769. He became a Markscheider in the Russian Mining Authority . He translated works on mining into Russian and developed the relevant terminology.

In February 1777 Chemnitzer traveled to Paris with the head of the Bergkollegium Michail Fjodorowitsch Soimonow , where, thanks to the help of Ivan Ivanovich Shuwalov and other Russians living there, he also got to know life at the king's court. Chemnitzer visited the studio of Jean-Baptiste Greuze as well as an orphanage and inspected Rennequin Sualem's hydraulic machine from Marly in the Palace of Versailles . In May 1777, Chemnitzer traveled to Leiden , where he admired Savery's steam pump. He heard the organ in the St. Bavo Church in Haarlem . With Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Lwow he walked to The Hague . In Amsterdam he visited a foundling home for 1200 children and found it not as good as Russian institutions. In Aachen he visited the cathedral as well as in Cologne . He traveled back via Limburg , Koblenz and Frankfurt am Main and arrived back in St. Petersburg in October 1777.

Chemnitzer translated fables by Jean de La Fontaine and Christian Fürchtegott Gellert and wrote his own fables, which were very popular. He is considered to be the most important Russian fable poet before Ivan Andreevich Krylov , whose work was influenced by Chemnitzer's fables. Chemnitzer's Fables had been published 36 times by 1855, which was a record for writers of the 18th century. Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky valued Chemnitzer's work higher than the works of Vasily Wassiljewitsch Kapnist and Ippolit Fjodorowitsch Bogdanowitsch .

Chemnitzer belonged to the circle of writers and artists around Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Lwow and Marija Alexejewna Lwowa , as well as Gawriil Romanowitsch Derschawin , Wassili Wassiljewitsch Kapnist, Dmitri Grigorjewitsch Lewizki , Vladimir Lukitsch Borowikowski and Jewstignei Ipatowitsch Fominowitsch . In 1781 Chemnitzer resigned from the service with the rank of college councilor (6th class ).

In 1782, Chemnitzer was appointed Russian consul general in Smirna. In June 1782 he left St. Petersburg, visited Soimonov in Moscow and Kapnist in Welyka Obuchiwka and came to Iwan Abramowitsch Hannibal in the newly founded Kherson . In July he continued on the ship provided for him, did not come to the Bosporus until August because of adverse winds and visited Constantinople . In September he passed through the Dardanelles and finally reached Smirna at the end of September 1782. From there, Chemnitzer also reported on the Nekrassow - Cossacks from the Khanate of Crimea who had been settled in Anatolia . In 1784 Chemnitzer was elected a member of the Russian Academy .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Большая российская энциклопедия: ХЕМНИ́ЦЕР Иван Иванович (accessed November 22, 2019).
  2. ↑ Korobka NI : Хемницер (Иван Иванович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape XXXVII , 1903, pp. 152-153 ( Wikisource [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c Modsalewski BL : Хемницер, Иван Иванович . In: Русский биографический словарь А. А. Половцова . tape 21 , 1901, pp. 305-307 ( Wikisource [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Grot JK : Иван Иванович Хемницер. 1745-1784. Новые о нем известия по рукописным источникам . In: Русская старина . tape 5 , no. 2 , 1872, p. 215-234 ( [1] [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  5. ↑ a b c d e Надхин Г. П .: Памятная книжка Хемницера . In: Русская старина . tape 5 , no. 4 , 1872, p. 601-611 ( [2] [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  6. ↑ этюд из очерка А.Островского "Архитекторы Петербурга": Архитектор Николай Александрович Львов к 250-летию со дня рождения (accessed on 18 November 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Chemnitzer, Iwan Iwanowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Хемницер, Иван Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian surveyor, poet and translator
DATE OF BIRTH January 16, 1745
PLACE OF BIRTH Jenotayevka
DATE OF DEATH March 30, 1784
Place of death Bornova