Jeotgalicoccus huakuii
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| Jeotgalicoccus huakuii | ||||||||||||
| Guo et al. 2010 |
Jeotgalicoccus huakuii is a species of bacteria . It belongs to the Firmicutes department , so the Gram test is positive. The GC content of this type is 36.8 mol percent. It wasisolatedfrom a soil sample taken from a beach in Shandong Province, China. The species name was chosen in honor of a Chinese microbiologist .
features
Appearance
The cells of Jeotgalicoccus huakuii are cocci-shaped . The diameter is 0.4–0.8 µm. Jeotgalicoccus huakuii does not form endospores . The species cannot move on its own, so it is not motile .
On LB medium solidified with agar , the cells grow into white colonies with a diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm. When viewed from above, the colonies are round in shape with a clearly defined border; when viewed from the side, they appear slightly convex.
Growth and metabolism
Jeotgalicoccus huakuii is heterotrophic , it does not photosynthesize . The species also shows growth under anaerobic conditions, i.e. with the exclusion of oxygen, the species is facultatively anaerobic. The pH value for best growth is 4.5–10.0. Growth no longer takes place at pH values below pH 4.5, optimal values are pH 6.5–8.0. Tolerated temperatures are between 4 and 43 ° C, optimal growth takes place at 28–37 ° C. The species is halotolerant , it grows with a content of 0 to 23% sodium chloride (NaCl) in the nutrient medium , optimal values are 3–8% NaCl.
The enzyme catalase is present and the oxidase test is positive. The enzyme urease is not present. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite . In the context of chemoorgano-heterotrophic metabolism, J. huakuii can use several organic compounds as carbon sources and utilize them fermentatively with acid formation, including the carbohydrates L - arabinose , D - fructose , D - mannose and D - xylose . Carbohydrates that cannot be used are, for example, the monosaccharides D - galactose and D - glucose , the disaccharides D - cellobiose , lactose , maltose , melibiose , sucrose and D - trehalose , and the trisaccharide raffinose . The sugar alcohols D - mannitol and myo-inositol are also not used.
Chemotaxonomic Features
As usual for Jeotgalicoccus species, the dominant menaquinone is MK-7. The fatty acids found in the membrane lipids are mainly molecules with an odd number of carbon atoms (C 15 ) and no double bonds ( saturated fatty acids ). These are the branched-chain fatty acids with the abbreviations iso -C15: 0 ( iso - pentadecanoic acid ) and anteiso -C15: 0 ( anteiso- pentadecanoic acid), their proportion is 49.0 and 19.6%, respectively. In addition, the branched fatty acid iso -C17: 0 ( iso - heptadecanoic acid ) is also found in larger quantities, with a proportion of 9.7%. The lipids in the cell membrane contain phosphoglycerides (phosphatidylglycerin) and diphosphatidylglycerin, as well as several unidentified phospholipids . Glycolipids or aminolipids do not occur.
The GC content in the DNA of Jeotgalicoccus huakuii is 36.8 mol percent. The genome has not yet been fully sequenced (as of 2014) . However, the nucleotides of the 16S rRNA, a typical representative of ribosomal RNA for prokaryotes , were determined for phylogenetic studies .
Pathogenicity
So far (as of 2014) is no assignment of jeotgalicoccus huakuii by the Biological Agents Ordinance in connection with the TRBA ( Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466 to a risk group takes place. In TRBA 466 as of April 25, 2012, only the related species Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans , J. pinnipedialis and J. psychrophilus are listed; they are assigned to risk group 1 and are therefore considered to be bacteria “which are unlikely to occur during People cause illness ”( § 3 Biological Agents Ordinance).
Systematics
Jeotgalicoccus huakuii belongs to the Staphylococcaceae family . This family belongs to the department of Firmicutes . J. huakuii was founded in 2010 by Xin-Qiang Guo et al. a. first described . They discovered the J. huakuii NY-2 bacterial strain in a soil sample from a beach in Shandong Province in China. This bacterial strain is the type strain of the newly described species. It was deposited in the collections of microorganisms in China (as CCTCC AB 208288) and Japan (as JCM 15687).
During the phylogenetic examination, a relationship to the genera Jeotgalicoccus , Salinicoccus and Nosocomiicoccus was established. The comparison of the sequences of the 16S rRNA reveals a similarity of 99.9% to J. marinus , with which the bacterial strain is most closely related. The similarity of the 16S rRNA to the other Jeotgalicoccus species known at the time of discovery is between 96.2 and 92.9%. Furthermore, Guo u. a. created a phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor joining method . The newly discovered bacterial strain forms its own line together with J. marinus , as a branch of the group formed by J. halotolerans and J. psychrophilus . The classification in the genus Jeotgalicoccus is supported by phenotypic characteristics, for example the composition of fatty acids and phospholipids in the cell membrane and the occurrence of MK-7 as the main menaquinone. The related genus Salinicoccus, on the other hand, has MK-6 as the main menaquinone, the genus Nosocomiicoccus is characterized by the presence of an aminophospholipid and the saturated and unbranched fatty acids C16: 0 ( palmitic acid ) and C14: 0 ( myristic acid ).
In order to prove that the bacterial strain is sufficiently different from J. marinus , DNA-DNA hybridization was carried out. Here, the result of 28.8% similarity shows enough distance to justify the establishment of a separate species. In terms of phenotypic characteristics, the two species are similar, but can be distinguished by some characteristics. J. huakuii grows in the absence of sodium chloride, while J. marinus requires a minimum salt content . In contrast, J. huakuii no longer shows any growth at an NaCl content of 25%, which J. marinus can still tolerate. Further differences arise in the case of the carbohydrates that are used to form acid (see overview ).
etymology
The genus name Jeotgalicoccus is derived from the neo-Latin word Jeotgalum and refers to the location of the first described species. It was isolated from Korean fermented seafood Jeotgal . The species name J. huakuii was chosen in honor of the Chinese microbiologist Hua-Kui Chen .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Xin-Qiang Guo, Rong Li, Liu-Qiang Zheng, Dong-Qing Lin, Ji-Quan Sun, Shun-Peng Li, Wen-Jun Li and Jian-Dong Jiang: Jeotgalicoccus huakuii sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from seaside soil In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 60, No. 6, June 2010, pp. 1307-1310, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.013623-0 . PMID 19667366 .
- ↑ Jeotgalicoccus huakuii strain NY-2 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. In: Nucleotide website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) . Retrieved April 1, 2014 .
- ↑ TRBA (Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466: Classification of prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) into risk groups. In: Website of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA). April 25, 2012, p. 108 , accessed April 1, 2014 .
- ^ A b Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Jeotgalicoccus. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved February 4, 2014 .
- ↑ YG Chen, YQ Zhang et al. a .: Jeotgalicoccus marinus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a sea urchin. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 59, No. 7, July 2009, pp. 1625-1629, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.002451-0 . PMID 19542134 .