Jeotgalicoccus marinus
| Jeotgalicoccus marinus | ||||||||||||
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| Jeotgalicoccus marinus | ||||||||||||
| Chen et al. 2009 |
Jeotgalicoccus marinus is a species of bacteria . It belongs to the Firmicutes department , so the Gram test is positive. The GC content of this type is 40.3 mol percent. The species wasisolatedfrom a sea urchin ( Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus ) from the South China Sea .
Appearance
The cells of Jeotgalicoccus marinus are cocci-shaped . The diameter is 0.7–1.1 µm. They occur individually, in pairs, in tetrads or in groups. Endospores are not formed. The species cannot move on its own, so it is not motile .
On solid culture media , the cells grow into shiny colonies ; on marine agar , they have a creamy white color. When viewed from above, the colonies are round in shape with a clearly defined border; when viewed from the side, they appear slightly convex. After incubation at 28 ° C for three to five days, the colonies reach a diameter of 2-3 mm.
features
Jeotgalicoccus marinus is heterotrophic , it does not photosynthesize . The species also shows growth under anaerobic conditions, i.e. with the exclusion of oxygen, the species is facultatively anaerobic. Growth takes place at pH values of 6.0–10.0, optimal values are pH 7.0–8.0. Tolerated temperatures are 10–45 ° C, optimal growth takes place at 25–30 ° C. The species is halotolerant , it grows with a total salt content of 0.5 to 25%, optimal values are around 5–10%.
The enzyme catalase is present and the oxidase test is positive. The enzyme urease is not present. It is unable to break down the amino acid tyrosine by hydrolysis , nor can it hydrolyze gelatin . Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite . Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) or indole (negative indole test ) are not formed. The Voges-Proskauer test for acetoin formation, however, is positive. The methyl red sample is negative.
In the context of chemoorgano-heterotrophic metabolism, J. marinus can use several organic compounds as a carbon source and utilize them fermentatively with acid formation, including the monosaccharides L - arabinose , D - fructose , D - galactose , D - glucose , D - mannose and carbohydrates L - rhamnose and the disaccharides cellobiose and maltose . The sugar alcohols glycerine (glycerol), D - mannitol , D - sorbitol and xylitol are also used with acid formation. Also, J. marinus use some amino acids for its material and energy changes, including alanine , arginine , asparagine , glutamic acid , glycine , serine and valine .
The menaquinones used for breathing are MK-7 (60.7%) and MK-6 (39.3%). The murein layer in the cell wall contains the diamino acid L - lysine as a diagnostically important amino acid; the amino acids glycine and alanine are also present. The fatty acids found in the membrane lipids are mainly molecules with an odd number of carbon atoms (C 15 ) and no double bonds ( saturated fatty acids ). These are the branched-chain fatty acids with the abbreviations anteiso -C15: 0 ( anteiso - pentadecanoic acid ) and iso -C15: 0 ( iso- pentadecanoic acid), their proportion is 37.3 and 25.9%, respectively. In addition, the branched fatty acid anteiso -C17: 0 ( anteiso - heptadecanoic acid ) is also found in larger quantities, with a proportion of 11.1%. The lipids in the cell membrane contain diphosphatidylglycerin , phosphoglycerides (phosphatidylglycerin) and an unidentified phospholipid . The GC content in the DNA of J. marinus is 40.3 mol percent.
Systematics
The species is assigned to the genus Jeotgalicoccus on the basis of 16S rRNA analyzes . It belongs to the Staphylococcaceae family . This family belongs to the Firmicutes department. Jeotgalicoccus marinus is phylogenetically closely related to Jeotgalicoccus huakuii , but can be distinguished from it by some phenotypic features (see overview ).
etymology
The genus name Jeotgalicoccus is derived from the Neo-Latin word Jeotgalum and refers to the location of the first described species, it was isolated from Korean fermented seafood Jeotgal . The species name J. marinus is derived from the Latin word marinus and refers to the place where the species was found, the sea.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Yi-Guang Chen, Yu-Qin Zhang, Jin-Xiao Shi, Huai-Dong Xiao, Shu-Kun Tang, Zhu-Xiang Liu, Ke Huang, Xiao-Long Cui and Wen-Jun Li: Jeotgalicoccus marinus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a sea urchin In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 59, No. 7, June 2009, pp. 1625-1629, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.002451-0 . PMID 19542134 .
- ^ A b Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Jeotgalicoccus. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved March 22, 2014 .
- ^ XQ Guo, R. Li et al. a .: Jeotgalicoccus huakuii sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from seaside soil In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. Volume 60, No. 6, June 2010, pp. 1307-1310, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.013623-0 . PMID 19667366 .