Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum

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Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum
Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum

Johann Nepomuk Ritter von Nussbaum (born September 2, 1829 Munich ; † October 31, 1890 ibid) was a German surgeon and university professor .

family

Johann Nepomuk's father, Franz Paul Ritter von Nussbaum (1797–1836) was Ministerial Secretary in the Bavarian Ministry of Justice. The mother Anna (née Mair) died in 1863. His only brother Franz Nussbaum worked as a Jesuit and bishop in America.

education and profession

Nussbaum grew up in Munich and attended the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich . His natural scientific talent, especially his mathematical talent, became evident during his school days. From childhood he tended to be physically frail, but his whole life was marked by a tireless will to work.

Nussbaum studied medicine at the University of Munich since 1849 , his teachers were the surgeons Carl Thiersch and Franz Christoph von Rothmund . After becoming a Dr. med. had received his doctorate , he went on a study trip to Paris , where he worked surgically with Auguste Nélaton , Charles Marie Édouard Chassaignac and Jules Germain François Maisonneuve . Further study trips took him to Berlin to the surgeon Bernhard von Langenbeck and to Würzburg . Nussbaum completed his habilitation in Munich in 1857 as a private lecturer in surgery and ophthalmology . He had a large private hospital with an orthopedic institute built. A reputation of the University of Zurich he refused. In 1860 he became professor for surgery at what is now the University Clinic on the left of the Isar in Munich. He remained in this position until 1890.

During the Franco-Prussian War (1870/71) he went to France as chief medical officer in the staff of the royal Bavarian infantry general Ludwig Freiherr von der Tann and was appointed doctor general of the I. Royal Bavarian Army Corps towards the end of the war .

Since 1862 Nussbaum suffered from severe headaches as a late sequela of meningitis , which he regularly fought with morphine , believing that this opiate was completely harmless. However, morphinism increasingly weakened him and in the last decade of life led to hearing loss and a very distressing abnormal bone fragility . In private life, Nussbaum was "a popular figure in old Munich, who not only treated the poor sick for free, but also supported them, a faithful Catholic in the time of the Kulturkampf and a German national patriot."

tomb

Grave of Johann Nussbaum on the old southern cemetery in Munich location

The tomb of John of Walnut is located on the old southern cemetery in Munich (wall right in Spitz 15th over burial ground 18) location .

power

Early work on ophthalmology already indicated the extraordinary surgical talent and originality . Nussbaum was well known as a surgeon and performed nearly 25,000 operations in the course of his life, including more than 600 ovariotomies ( incision or division of the ovaries ), an operation he learned from Spencer Wells in London . Other operational focal points included orthopedics and abdominal and nerve surgery.

Nussbaum published around 100 larger original works, mainly descriptions of his surgical operations as well as advice on wound treatment , bandages and sutures (painless, bloodless secondary sutures). He performed, among other things, bone transplants , knee resections, cancer operations, hernia radical operations, blood transfusions and plastic surgical operations. To extend and intensify the anesthesia with chloroform , he introduced the additional morphine injection into the anesthesia . He was also a valued and popular university teacher. Nussbaum's greatest merit was the introduction of antiseptic wound treatment in 1874, which he had met with Joseph Lister in Edinburgh . Influenced above all by the depressing experiences with wound burn caused by injuries , which he made as a war surgeon during the Franco-German wars in 1866 and 1870/71, he became one of the most important proponents of antisepsis in Germany. His guide to antiseptic wound treatment was published in five editions and has been translated into several foreign languages. According to Lister's instructions, Nussbaum successfully improved operational hygiene and initially used carbol , later iodoform gauze, as a disinfectant .

Awards

Publications

  • De cornea artificialialis , Diss. Med., Munich 1853
  • Treatment of corneal opacities with special consideration of the insertion of an artificial cornea , Habil. Med., Munich 1857
  • Pathology and Therapy of Ankyloses , Munich 1862
  • Otherwise and now in wound treatment , Munich 1869
  • Guide to antiseptic wound treatment , Stuttgart 1878 (1st edition), 1879 (2nd edition), 1887 (5th edition)
  • A small medicine cabinet , Berlin 1882 (3rd edition)
  • On the effects of chloroform , Breslau 1885
  • First aid for injuries , Augsburg 1886 (2nd edition)
  • New attempt at radical surgery of abdominal hernias , Munich 1886
  • New remedies for nerves , Breslau 1888

Others

The Association of Bavarian Surgeons awards the Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum Prize for the best work submitted from surgery and its border areas at its annual conference .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Max Leitschuh: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich , 4 vol., Munich 1970–1976; Vol. 4, p. 47
  2. ↑ Max Joseph Hufnagel: Famous dead in the southern cemetery in Munich . Munich 1969
  3. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Nussbaum. Johann Nepomuk from. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1061.
  4. ^ Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum Prize ( Memento from May 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Nussbaum, Johann Nepomuk von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nussbaum, Johann Ritter von (full name); Nussbaum, Johann Nepomuk; Nussbaum, Johann Nepomuk
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German surgeon and university professor in Munich
DATE OF BIRTH September 2, 1829
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1890
Place of death Munich