Josef Stenbäck
Josef Stenbäck (born May 2, 1854 in Alavus , † April 27, 1929 in Helsinki ) was a Finnish architect and engineer who is best known for the church buildings he planned.
Josef Stenbäck was born on May 2, 1854 in Alavus, western Finland, as the son of pastor Karl Fredrik Stenbäck and Emilia Ottilia Kristina von Essen. He studied in Helsinki at the Polytechnic Institute (now Technical University ) and at the University of Applied Sciences in Stuttgart architecture and engineering.
Stenbäck was the most prolific church architect in Finland. He planned 35 church buildings and rebuilt around 30. Today 31 of its churches are located in Finland, four remained in the part of Karelia that was ceded to the Soviet Union after the Second World War . Two churches have fallen into disrepair: The church of Rantasalmi burned down after a lightning strike in 1984, that of Kuolemajärvi was blown up during the Winter War in 1939 .
Works
Stenbäck planned churches in the national romantic and neo-Gothic style. Art Nouveau influences can also be found in some of his churches . His preferred building material was granite or other Finnish natural stones, but some of his churches are also made of wood or brick. In keeping with the style of the time, Stenbäcks churches often had an asymmetrical floor plan or vaults in the national romantic style. His synthesis of national romanticism and neo-Gothic is known as the "Stenbäck style" and was the predominant style in Finnish church buildings of the early 20th century.
The granite churches of Muuruvesi (1904), Nilsiä (1905) and Karuna (1910) are considered his most successful national romantic works. The wooden churches by Heinävesi (1891) and Luhanka (1893) are in the neo-Gothic style, as are the brick churches by Kemi (1902), Joensuu (1903) and Mikkeli (1897). Another well-known work by Stenbäck is the neo-Gothic Juselius mausoleum (1902) in the Pori cemetery . Secular buildings planned by Josef Stenbäck include the town hall of Kuopio (1885), the Sipilä manor in Janakkala (1890), a factory in Killinkoski near Virrat and three residential buildings in the Helsinki districts of Eira and Ullanlinna (1901–1902).
List of church buildings in Stenbäck
| Place (possibly municipality in brackets) | Construction year | material | Style direction | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heinävesi | 1891 | Wood | Neo-Gothic |
|
| Hankasalmi | 1892 | Wood | Neo-Gothic |
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| Luhanka | 1893 | Wood | Neo-Gothic | |
| Mikkeli | 1897 | Brick | Neo-Gothic |
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| Eura | 1898 | Stone, brick | Neo-Gothic, national romanticism |
|
| Kotka | 1898 | Brick | Neo-Gothic |
|
| Kemi | 1902 | plastered brick | Neo-Gothic |
|
| Kuolemajärvi (now Pionerskoje , Russia) | 1902 (destroyed in 1939) | granite | National romance |
|
| Alaharmä ( Kauhava ) | 1903 | Field stone | Neo-Gothic, national romanticism | |
| Joensuu | 1903 | Brick | Neo-Gothic, Art Nouveau |
|
| Koivisto (today Primorsk , Russia) | 1904 | granite | National romanticism, art nouveau |
|
| Muuruvesi ( Juankoski ) | 1904 | granite | National romance |
|
| Rantasalmi | 1904 (burned down in 1984) | Brick | Neo-Gothic |
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| Varpaisjärvi | 1904 | granite | National romance | |
| Nilsia | 1905 | Quartzite | National romance |
|
| Vuolijoki ( Kajaani ) | 1906 | stone | National romance |
|
| Terijoki (today Zelenogorsk , Russia) | 1908 | stone | National romance |
|
| Pulkkila ( Siikalatva ) | 1909 | Wood | Neo-Gothic, Art Nouveau |
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| Pyheranta | 1913 | stone | National romance |
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| Karuna ( Sauvo ) | 1910 | granite | National romance |
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| Luvia | 1910 | granite | National romanticism, art nouveau |
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| Sonkajärvi | 1910 | granite | National romanticism, art nouveau |
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| Keikyä ( Äetsä ) | 1912 | Wood | Art Nouveau |
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| Pattijoki ( Raahe ) | 1912 | plastered concrete | Art Nouveau |
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| Raahe | 1912 | granite | National romance |
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| Hartola | 1913 | granite | National romanticism, art nouveau, neo-Gothic |
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| Räisälä (now Melnikowo , Russia) | 1913 | granite | National romanticism, art nouveau |
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| Hirvensalmi | 1915 | granite | National romanticism, art nouveau |
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| Forssa | 1917 | Brick | Neo-Gothic, National Romanticism, Art Nouveau |
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| Vehmersalmi ( Kuopio ) | 1920 | Brick | Art Nouveau, national romanticism | |
| Joutseno ( Lappeenranta ) | 1921 | concrete | National romance |
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| Humppila | 1922 | plastered granite | National romance |
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| Savitaipale | 1924 | plastered granite | National romance |
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| Kauhava | 1925 | Brick | Neo-Gothic, national romanticism |
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| Killinkoski ( Virrat ) | 1928 | Wood | Art Nouveau, Neo-Gothic |
|
literature
- Adolph Stiller (Ed.): Finland. Architecture in the 20th century . Pustet, Salzburg 2000 (catalog of the exhibition of the same name from December 6, 2000 to January 19, 2001)
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Stenbäck, Josef |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Finnish architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 2, 1854 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Alavus |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 27, 1929 |
| Place of death | Helsinki |