Joseph of Scheda

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Joseph of Scheda

Joseph Ritter von Scheda (born September 21, 1815 in Padua , † July 23, 1888 in Mauer near Vienna ) was an Austrian major general , geographer and cartographer . He headed the cartographic work of the kuk military geographic institute in Vienna .

Life

Joseph Scheda was born the son of the field staff doctor Zacharias Scheda from Fulda (1763-1827) and his wife Johanna Pennecke (Pencke, 1799-after 1838). The name Scheda is derived from the Latin scheda, scida, a word of Greek origin that means “split off” a small piece (writing material) or one of the strips that made up a papyrus sheet (later the whole sheet itself).

From 1829 to 1832 he attended the k. k. Military Education Institute (cadet company) in Graz . On 1 May 1832 he was a cadet retired and then made military service in Bucovina Infantry - Regiment No. 41 (then Baron Watlet). In Czernowitz , where he in the same year cadet was promoted. In 1835 he was assigned to the Quartermaster General for his map drawing skills and worked in the military drawing office . In 1836 Joseph Scheda became a second lieutenant .

On October 1, 1842, he was a lieutenant in the Military Geographical Institute (MGI) the management of the Lithographic transfer department from 1854 to 1857 also temporarily the engraving department . On July 20, 1851 he became a captain , on March 27, 1857 major and on February 11, 1860 lieutenant colonel . When the military engineer-geographic corps (also called " Genieoffiziere ") was dissolved, he was assigned to the Hungarian Infantry Regiment No. 61 (for "rank evidence") and in January 1868 was appointed colonel . In 1869 he became head of the 1st group at the MGI, with the departments for topography , lithography and copperplate engraving being in charge of all cartographic work at the institute. In 1876 he retired and was made an honorary major general.

Scheda Island in the northwest of Novaya Zemlya

With diploma from July 10, 1864 Joseph Scheda was knighted charged .

One of the Barents Islands southwest of Cape Nassau off Novaya Zemlya was named after Joseph Scheda as part of the Austrian polar expedition in 1872 .

He received awards from the Netherlands , Hanover , Hesse , Prussia , Saxony , Spain , Tuscany , Belgium , Italy , Romania , Russia and the Ottoman Empire . Joseph Scheda wore the Order of the Iron Crown III. Class, the commander's cross with the star of the Franz Joseph Order and was a member of geographic societies in Darmstadt , Berlin , Vienna and London . He was a correspondent for the Geological Reichsanstalt in Vienna.

Joseph Scheda and his wife Hypolite (1825–1884) had four sons and five daughters. The family lived in the "Villa Scheda" at Grinzinger Strasse No. 18 in Vienna- Döbling (later Billrothstrasse No. 73, called "Villa Boesch", demolished in 1965). His son Arthur was chief geometer of the Staats-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , his son Hugo lithographer, son Otto Geiger . The daughter Adrienne married the Austrian Feldzeugmeister Anton von Scudier . His brother Emil (1821–1899) was the police chief of Prague .

Joseph Scheda's estate is in the Austrian State Archives .

Services

Joseph Scheda made a major contribution to the Military Geography Institute's worldwide reputation.

He introduced new topographical aids and new symbol keys . He influenced the printing of maps in Austria through the use of copperplate engraving and lithography . It was under his leadership that lithographic line color printing was first used in cartography. His activity was fundamental for the development of the maps in the 19th century, especially for the Francisco-Josephine land survey .

1846 was MGI electroforming been introduced: With this technique, a deduction was newly engraved copper engraving plates initially generated from that tax could also multiple printing plates are created. This approach facilitated the production of large print runs of map sheets of consistent quality prior to the introduction of photo-mechanical gravure in 1869. Since 1876 were Steindruck deployed quickly press and later aluminum pressure plates. The advances in printing technology and its use under the direction of Joseph Scheda ensured that Scheda's map works were widely used. The maps from the MGI, which were released for public distribution, were distributed by the Artaria art dealer in Vienna.

Extensive maps of the areas of Central and Southeastern Europe were published under his leadership .

The experiences with the creation of these maps formed the basis for the Francisco-Josephinische Landesaufnahme, which was created between 1869 and 1887. The short time of only 18 years for the creation of the extensive map series was unprecedented, attracted international attention and brought the Military Geographic Institute a number of awards.

Works

The following works were created under the direction of Joseph Scheda, partly in the MGI, partly in the context of private activities. The general map of Central Europe was bought by the MGI because of its quality and published on a different scale.

  • Special maps of central Italy and Lombardy-Veneto on a scale of 1: 86.400
  • 1845–1847 "General map of Europe", 25 lithographed multicolored sheets in a scale of 1: 2,592,000 (first map in line color printing, a second modified edition of this work was published in 1859)
  • " Geognostic map of the Austrian imperial state". Vienna 1847
  • "School wall map of Europe". Vienna 1855
  • "Guide to Using the Situation Drawing School". Vienna 1854
  • 1856-1859 “General map of the Austrian imperial state with a large part of the neighboring countries”, 20 copperplate sheets in a scale of 1: 576,000, partly hand-colored, in the second edition as “General map of Austria-Hungary. Monarchy "later expanded to
  • 1873–1876 "General map of Central Europe", 47 sheets on an enlarged scale of 1: 300,000, known as the "Scheda map"
  • with Albert Steinhauser: "Hand atlas of the latest geography", Vienna 1868–1881
  • 1869 “General map of the europ. Turkey and the Kingdom of Greece ”with 13 sheets in a scale of 1: 864,000
  • 1874 “Map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire”, four multicolored lithographed sheets on a scale of 1: 1,000,000

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Scheda, Joseph Ritter von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 29th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1875, p. 146 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Peter Broucek , F. Hillbrand-Grill:  Scheda, Josef von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 10, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7001-2186-5 , p. 56 f. (Direct links on p. 56 , p. 57 ).
  • Oscar Criste:  Scheda, Joseph Ritter von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 53, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1907, p. 737 f.
  • Johannes Dörflinger :  Scheda, Joseph v .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 598 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Ernst Hofstätter: Contributions to the history of the Austrian regional surveys: An overview of the topographical survey procedures, their origins, their developments and organizational forms of the four Austrian regional surveys. Published by the Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying . 2 volumes. Vienna 1989. No ISBN.
  • Anton von Scudier: † Major General Joseph Ritter v. Scheda. In: Neue Freie Presse No. 8589. Vienna, July 23, 1888. Pages 2–3.
  • Anton von Scudier, in: Deutsche Rundschau for Geography and Statistics . 11th year. Vienna, Hartleben Verlag 1889. Pages 45–47.
  • Austro-Hungarian Defense Newspaper. The comrade. Vienna, born 1889, No. 59.
  • Geographical yearbook. XIV. Volume. Gotha 1890/91.
  • The vedette. Austro-Hungarian military magazine. Born in 1888, No. 62.
  • v. Löbell, in: Löbell's annual reports on changes and advances in the military. Berlin 1888.
  • Literary Centralblatt for Germany. Avenarius publishing house, Leipzig 1865 and 1867.
  • L. Baumgarten, in: Kartographische und Schulgeographische Zeitschrift . Volume 9. Vienna, Verlag der Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt 1921. Page 114.
  • Ernst Nischer: Austrian cartographers. Your life, teaching and work Vienna 1925. Pages 178–183.
  • Ingrid Kretschmer, Johannes Dörflinger and Franz Wawrik: Lexicon for the history of cartography. From the beginning to the First World War. Volume II Vienna 1986. Page 703.
  • Ingrid Kretschmer, in: Kartographische Nachrichten. Announcements of the German Society for Cartography eV 38th year 1988. Pages 212–214.
  • (on the family): Vienna Genealogical Tables 1. 1926, pages 314 f.

Web links

Wikisource: Joseph von Scheda  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ or “23.”: New German Biography 2005, Volume 22, Page 598. Date “21.” according to the Austrian Biographical Lexicon, ed. 1994 by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Volume 10, page 56. The aeiou website refers to the ÖBL, but gives the 23rd as the date of birth (queried February 19, 2009).
  2. ^ Severin Corsten: Lexicon of the entire book system (LGB). Volume VI Phraseology – Schütz-Hufeland, 2nd edition. Stuttgart 2003, Anton Hiersemann Verlag . Page 526. ISBN 3-7772-0327-0 .
  3. ↑ Wurzbach, page 146.
  4. ↑ Wurzbach, page 146, where the regiment number "62" is given.
  5. ↑ ÖBL, page 56.
  6. ^ ADB, page 737. NDB, page 599.
  7. ^ Christian Hlavac: The Henikstein Villa and its park in Ober-Döbling. In: Viennese history sheets . Edited by the Association for the History of the City of Vienna. ISSN  0043-5317 . 64th year 2009, issue 1st page 49.
  8. ↑ Anton Durstmüller, Norbert Frank: 500 years pressure in Austria: the development history of the graphic arts from the beginning to the present . Volume 2: The Austrian graphic industry between revolution and world war: 1848 to 1918. Main Association of Austrian Graphic Companies, Vienna 1986. Pages 220–222. ISBN 3-85104-500-9 .
  9. ↑ Hofstätter, pp. 173-174.
  10. ^ NDB, page 599.
  11. ↑ Hofstätter, page 94.
personal data
SURNAME Scheda, Joseph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheda, Joseph Ritter von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian cartographer
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1815
PLACE OF BIRTH Padua
DATE OF DEATH July 23, 1888
Place of death Wall near Vienna