Canadian Space Agency

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CanadaCanada Canadian Space Agency (eng.)
Agence spatiale canadienne (fr.)
- CSA / ASC -
Authority logo
State level Federal level
Position of the authority Space travel
Supervisory authority (s) Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Consist since March 1, 1989
Headquarters John H. Chapman Space Center , Longueuil
household 488700000 CAD (2013-2014)
President of the CSA Sylvain Laporte
Employee 616 (as of March 31, 2016)
Website Canadian Space Agency

The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) or, because of the state's Canadian bilingualism, also French Agence spatiale canadienne (ASC) is the Canadian space agency. It was founded in March 1989. The CSA / ASC has around 620 employees, most of whom work at the John H. Chapman Space Center headquarters in Longueuil . Due to the diverse projects and future missions, a Mission Control Center was set up at the headquarters in 2004 . The agency's 2013 budget was approximately $ 488.7 million Canadian dollars . The CSA sees itself as a leading body in the development and application of space-related knowledge for the population of Canada as well as for humanity.

"To promote the peaceful use and development of space, to advance the knowledge of space through science and to ensure that space science and technology provide social and economic benefits for Canadians."

"To promote the peaceful uses and development of space, to advance knowledge of space through science, and to ensure that space research and technology bring social and economic benefits to Canadians."

- German translation

Sylvain Laporte has been President of the CSA / ASC since March 9, 2015 . The Canadian Space Agency is a full member of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC).

history

1839 to 1883

1839 established the Irish astronomer Sir Edward Sabine at the University of Toronto , the Observatory Toronto Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory , Canada's first institution of its kind. With the Observatory Sabine wanted the theories of Edmund Halley explore of 1716 whether auroras actually just about the magnetic fields of the Make earth . At the university, the meteorological institute Meteorological Service of Canada was founded at the University of Toronto in the same year . 1882-1883 the first international polar year was held, in which various measurements and research were carried out.

1900 to 1959

In 1916 - during the First World War - the Canadian government decided to merge several research facilities. This resulted in the formation of the Honorary Advisory Council on Scientific and Industrial Research . The National Research Council of Canada (NRCC), which was founded on June 19, 1925, developed from this. Canadian space travel was significantly influenced by space researcher John Herbert Chapman (1921–1979). 1932–1933 the second international polar year was held. A continuation of this was from 1957 to 1958 became the international geophysical year when solar activity was very high. At the same time, the Churchill Research Range rocket launch site in Manitoba was built in cooperation with the Americans , from which around 3,500 smaller rockets for investigations of the earth's atmosphere had been launched by 1989 . When the Soviets launched their Sputnik satellite, the signals were recorded by the military-civil research institute Defense Research Telecommunications Establishment , headed by Chapman. On November 8, 1958, the Nike Cajun , the first sounding rocket, was launched to explore the atmosphere with Canadian instruments.

1959 to 1980

The first Canadian satellite: Alouette 1 (1962)
Hermes communications satellite 1976

In 1959, the US space agency NASA was commissioned to build the first Canadian satellite Alouette 1 . With the launch in 1962, Canada ushered in its space program. The satellite was sent into space by the predecessor organization of today's CSA / ASC. The program was scheduled for one year, but was extended to ten years because of the positive development. This success was followed by a program to explore the ionosphere using satellites. However, since Canada did not have its own rocket launch sites, NASA launched the satellites from Vandenberg Air Force Base , California, into orbit. In 1972 Anik A1 was launched, which was Canada's first geostationary communications satellite and was operated by the Canadian company Telesat Canada . The second telecommunications satellite, Anik A2, followed in 1973 . The satellite carried telephone, television and radio signals and served northern Canada. 1974 NASA Canada commissioned the construction of the Canadarm called Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), a robot arm for the space shuttle . On May 3, 1975, the Anik A3 telecommunications satellite was launched with a Delta launcher. The Hermes Communications Technology Satellite was used for research purposes in 1976 . On December 15, 1978, Canada's fourth communications satellite, Anik B, was launched. On January 1, 1979, the then Canadian space organization agreed with its European partners to work together for the next five years. In the same year the company Inmarsat (International Organization for Satellite Communications) was founded in order to increase the safety at sea by means of cellular communications via satellites. In 1980 the Canadian Space Agency participated in the European Olympus program. Canada was 11% involved in the mission and supplied solar panels and other components. In addition, the $ 1 billion satellite was tested for space suitability at the David Florida Laboratory . In the same year, the international commission IEEE Committee on Earth Observation was founded with other G7 countries .

1981 to 1999

Radar sat

On November 13, 1981, the new Canadarm was launched into space for the first time with the Space Shuttle Columbia . In 1982 the telecommunications satellite Anik D1 was launched with a Delta launcher. On September 29, 1982, the Canadian astronaut program began after NASA invited Canadian astronauts to fly. On June 22, 1983, the Canadarm, a satellite from a space shuttle, was launched for the first time. On April 16, 1985, NASA and the Canadian Space Agency agreed to collaborate on the construction of a space station . In 1986 Canada was then fully integrated into the construction of the Freedom space station; a project that was never realized like this. On January 30, 1989, Black Brant 10 launched, a three-stage sounding rocket built by Bristol Aerospace for a 15-minute suborbital research flight. On March 1, 1989, today's Canadian space agency, the Canadian Space Agency, was founded and officially began its service on December 14, 1990. On March 31, 1989, the cooperation agreements between the CSA / ASC and Europe were extended to a further ten years. In 1989 the CSA / ASC participated in the European research and communication satellite Olympus . On January 26, 1990, tenders with a volume of Can $ 146 million were awarded to SPAR Aerospace, which was commissioned to build the radar satellite satellites. The CSA / ASC has a stake in the US FUSE space telescope for ultraviolet astronomy and invested $ 15 million in optical subsystems. Another contract for the construction of the Radarsat satellites followed on June 22, 1991 for an amount of 230 million Can- $. The Anik E1 communications satellite was launched on September 26th . On November 4, 1995, the first Canadian earth observation satellite, Radarsat-1, was launched into space and began operations. On July 10, 1996 in Ottawa, Canada’s Secretary of Industry, John Manley, and Jean-Marie Luton, ESA General Manager, signed two Collaboration Agreements for the General Support Technology Program (GSTP) and the Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems Program (ARTES) . On October 15, 1996, an agreement was signed between the Canadian CSA / ASC and the Indian ISRO . On March 12, 1999 the newly developed 17-meter-long Canadarm2 for the International Space Station (ISS) was completed and handed over to the CSA / ASC. Two months later it was shipped and transported to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The stress tests were carried out there. The Canadarm2 started in April 2001 with the STS-100 mission .

2000 to 2010

On February 26, 2000, a four-stage Black Brant-12 rocket carrying research instruments was launched from the NASA rocket launch site in Fairbanks, Alaska. On 14-17 May 2000 the eighth Canadian Microgravity Conference took place in Vancouver. On October 20, 2000, the space agency joined the international joint project of the European Space Agency and the French Space Agency (CNES) in "Space and Major Disasters". On March 8, 2001, the first Canadian research project on board the STS-102 mission named H-Reflex will be carried out. The Envisat satellite will be launched on March 1, 2002 . In addition to the Canadian Space Agency, eighteen other countries are participating in this project. On June 5th, 2002 the Mobile Base System for the International Space Station will be launched with the space shuttle Endeavor. On January 16, 2003, two Canadian research projects started on board the STS-107 mission under the name OSTEO-2 . On June 30, 2003, the first Canadian MOST space telescope was launched . The research satellite SciSat 1 followed on August 12 . On October 8, 2003, the participation in the European Galileo program was announced. On September 26, 2005 the participation in the James Webb Space Telescope was announced. NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander launched on August 4, 2007 . The Canadian space agency participated in the mission and supplied meteorological instruments. On December 14, 2007, the Canadian Earth observation satellite Radarsat-2 was launched .

Locations

The John H. Chapman Space Center is headquartered in Longueuil , a suburb of Montreal . Another location of the Canadian Space Agency is in Shirleys Bay near Ottawa . The David Florida Laboratory (DFL) has been located there since 1972 . At this location, satellites and rockets as well as components are constructed and subjected to various stress tests to check their suitability for space. The building was named after the Canadian space explorer David Florida , who died in 1971. Another location is in Saskatoon , where the largest research facility and a satellite radio station are located. In Timmins is located Timmins Stratospheric Balloon Base . In addition, the CSA / ASC operates a rocket launch site for suborbital flights in Fort Churchill . In addition to these locations, the Canadian Space Agency has smaller offices in Washington, DC , Houston , the Kennedy Space Center and Paris .

The authority uses the rocket launch sites of its cooperation partners. These include the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Vandenberg Air Force Base and Cape Canaveral in the USA, the Plessetsk Cosmodrome in Russia and the Yoshinobu Launch Complex in Japan.

President

Astronaut Steve MacLean, President of the CSA 2008-2013

Cooperations

The Canadian Space Agency cooperates with various space agencies such as B. NASA , ESA , JAXA , ISRO closely together. On January 1, 1979 Canada became an associate member of ESA as a cooperating non-European country. In 2009, 30 Canadian specialists were permanently employed by ESA.

Space flights by CSA astronauts

Julie Payette as the first Canadian astronaut on the way to the ISS (back, second from left)
Surname Spaceship mission Started International Space Station (ISS) Description / specialty
Marc Garneau Challenger STS-41-G 5th October 1984   First Canadian in space.
Roberta Bondar Discovery STS-42 January 22, 1992   First Canadian in space.
Steven McLean Columbia STS-52 October 22, 1992  
Chris Hadfield Atlantis STS-74 November 12, 1995   Stay on the Mir
Marc Garneau Endeavor STS-77 May 19, 1996   2. Stay in space.
Robert Thirsk Columbia STS-78 June 20, 1996  
Bjarni Tryggvason Discovery STS-85 August 7, 1997  
Dafydd Williams Columbia STS-90 April 17, 1998  
Julie Payette Discovery STS-96 May 27, 1999   First time a Canadian on the ISS
Marc Garneau Endeavor STS-97 November 30, 2000   3. Space flight / stay on the ISS
Chris Hadfield Endeavor STS-100 April 19, 2001   2. Space flight / stay on the ISS / spacecraft activity
Steven MacLean Atlantis STS-115 September 9, 2006   2. Space flight / spacecraft activity / stay in the ISS
Dafydd Williams Endeavor STS-118 August 27, 2007   2. Space flight / spacecraft activity / stay in the ISS
Robert Thirsk Soyuz Soyuz TMA-15 May 27, 2009 Expedition 20 / 21 Flight with a Russian spaceship, permanent residence in the ISS
Julie Payette Endeavor STS-127 July 15, 2009   Research stay on the ISS
Chris Hadfield Soyuz Soyuz TMA-07M December 19, 2012 Expedition 34 / 35 First Canadian Commander of the ISS Research stay on the ISS
David Saint-Jacques Soyuz Soyuz MS-11 20th December 2018 Expedition 58 / 59

Ken Money and Michael John McKay were trained as space travelers, but were not used. Jeremy Hansen is still waiting to be assigned to a space flight. On July 1, 2017, Joshua Kutryk and Jennifer Sidey were introduced as new astronaut aspirants .

Canadian satellite

Dextre gripper arm on the ISS

The following satellites were / are operated by the Canadian Space Agency:

satellite Started Operation until Task / activity
Alouette 1 September 29, 1962 1972 Research ionosphere
Alouette 2 November 29, 1965 1975 Research ionosphere
ISIS-I January 30, 1969 1990 Research ionosphere
ISIS-II April 1, 1971 1990 Research ionosphere
Hermes 17th January 1976 1979 experimental communications satellite
Radarsat-1 November 4th 1995 March 29, 2013 commercial earth observation satellite
MOST June 30, 2003 active Space telescope
SciSat 1 August 12, 2003 active Atmospheric observation
Radarsat-2 December 14, 2007 active commercial earth observation satellite
NEOSSat February 25, 2013 active Near-earth object surveillance telescope
CASSIOPE 29th September 2013 active Research satellite
M3MSat June 22, 2016 active Research and earth observation satellite
Radarsat Constellation June 12, 2019 started Earth observation satellites

In addition to these satellites, there are other satellites in use in earth orbit. The Canadian telecommunications company Telesat Canada, for example, operates a total of 13 satellites in earth orbit. Other Canadian satellites are operated by the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies and the DND .

Installation of the Canadarm2 on the ISS

Participation in international projects

Canadian participation in Phoenix Mars Lander
Canadian participation in the “Curiosity” Mars Rover

The Canadian Space Agency cooperates with other space agencies in various areas. The Canadians are also involved in the operation of the International Space Station . The largest contribution is the gripper arm known as Canadarm2 and communication subsystems of the International Space Station (ISS).

The following earth observation satellites were equipped with Canadian instruments (excerpt):

Other spacecraft that were specifically used for space research have Canadian instruments on board:

Research missions

On the International Space Station (ISS), the space agency carries out research missions in many areas of the natural sciences and new technologies. These are partly looked after by the company's own astronauts and, if there is no Canadian astronaut on board the station, by their American, European and Japanese colleagues. Science and technology research missions are carried out for Canadian universities and government research organizations such as the National Research Council of Canada and private aerospace companies such as u. a. MDA Space Missions carried out.

Scheduled missions

James Webb Space Telescope, cooperation between NASA, ESA and the CSA

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Canadian Space Agency - Report on Plans and Priotities (PDF; 988 kB), October 9, 2013
  2. ↑ https://www.canada.ca/en/government/management/sylvain-laporte.html
  3. ^ Population of the Federal Public Service by Department. Government of Canada - Department of Treasury, September 22, 2016, accessed February 27, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Canadian Space Agency Act SC 1990, item 4 . Retrieved July 7, 2012
  5. ↑ SpaceRefCanada: Sylvain Laporte named President of the Canadian Space Agency. (No longer available online.) February 27, 2015, formerly in the original ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / spaceref.ca  
  6. ^ Canadian Space Milestones, May 3, 2012
  7. ↑ justice.gc.ca: Canadian Space Agency Act (SC 1990, c. 13). Retrieved January 13, 2016 .
  8. ^ Prime Minister of Canada: PM announces changes in the senior ranks of the Public Service. (No longer available online.) June 14, 2013, archived from the original on September 27, 2013 ; accessed on June 17, 2013 (English): "General (Retired) Walter John Natynczyk, former Chief of the Defense Staff , becomes President of the Canadian Space Agency, effective August 6, 2013" Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pm.gc.ca
  9. ^ Canadian Press: Walt Natynczyk, head of the Canadian Space Agency, moves to veterans affairs. October 29, 2014, accessed November 2, 2014 .
  10. ↑ CBC News: Canada's 2 newest astronauts named during Parliament Hill festivities. July 2, 2017, accessed July 3, 2017 .
  11. ↑ MDA Space Systems International Space Station (ISS) Communication Subsystems ( Memento of the original from November 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Retrieved July 31, 2012  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / is.mdacorporation.com
  12. ↑ Canada eyes $ 2.4 billion Arctic satellite communications constellation. June 30, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2018 (American English).