ISS expedition 35

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Mission emblem
ISS Expedition 35 Patch.svg
Mission dates
Mission: ISS expedition 35
Crew: 6th
Rescue ships: Soyuz TMA-07M , Soyuz TMA-08M
Space station: International space station
Start: March 15, 2013, 23:43 UTC
Started by: Decoupling from Soyuz TMA-06M
The End: May 13, 2013, 23:08 UTC
Ended by: Decoupling from Soyuz TMA-07M
Duration: 58d 23h 25min
Number of EVAs : 2
Total length of the EVAs: 12h 8min
Team photo
v. l. To the right: Alexander Missurkin, Pawel Winogradow, Christopher Cassidy, Roman Romanenko, Chris Hadfield and Thomas Marshburn
v. l. To the right: Alexander Missurkin, Pawel Winogradow, Christopher Cassidy, Roman Romanenko, Chris Hadfield and Thomas Marshburn
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ISS expedition 36

ISS-Expedition 35 is the mission name for the 35th long-term crew of the International Space Station (ISS). The mission began with the decoupling of the Soyuz TMA-06M spacecraft from the ISS on March 15, 2013. The end was marked by the decoupling of the Soyuz TMA-07M on May 13, 2013.

team

additionally from March 29, 2013:

Substitute team

Since Expedition 20, no official replacement team has been announced due to the permanent training for the six-person crew. Unofficially, the backup crews of the two Soyuz feeder spaceships TMA-07M and TMA-08M (see there) are used as backup crews for Expedition 35. As a rule, these crews are deployed two missions later.

Mission description

The expedition began with the uncoupling of the Soyuz TMA-06M spacecraft on March 15, 2013, with the cast of Oleg Novitsky, Kevin Ford and Yevgeny Tarelkin. The day before, Ford had handed control of the station to a Canadian, Chris Hadfield, for the first time. Until the end of March, the crew of the ISS consisted of Chris Hadfield, Roman Romanjenko and Thomas Marshburn.

Once again, the focus was on scientific research. In addition to studies that deal with various aspects of human health and with adaptation processes to a longer stay in weightlessness, astronomical, biological, physical and technical investigations were also carried out. Earth exploration was also an important field of activity. A total of 181 research projects were on the program.

Experiments that the six astronauts on board the ISS dealt with included Energy, in which a long-term change in the energy balance in the human organism is investigated during the stay in weightlessness, and cascade in which microorganisms as well as animal and human cells are cultivated , and albedo, in which the radiation reflected from the earth is measured in different spectral ranges. Earth observations and photography were also carried out.

Express approach

On March 28th, Soyuz TMA-08M started in "express mode" for the first time. The spacemen Pawel Winogradow, Christopher Cassidy and Alexander Misurkin docked with the ISS after just 6 hours of flight time and again increased the station's crew to 6 people.

With the approximation procedure within 50 hours, as has always been used in recent years, the ISS can fly up to 270 degrees ahead of the spaceship. The ISS needs 67 to 68 minutes for this. This fact that the runway level crosses the starting point and the ISS is a maximum of 68 minutes ahead occurs every day.

With the new method, the adaptation maneuvers must be carried out in a shorter time. During this time, however, the spaceship cannot catch up with such a high phase angle of 270 degrees and at the same time adjust the path of the target. The angle must be limited to about 30 degrees. This means that the ISS must not have flown over the take-off site 8 minutes before. This only occurs every 3 days.

The new, faster rendezvous procedure was previously tested successfully with three unmanned Progress transporters. But it is especially important for manned missions. The time that the space travelers spend in the very cramped conditions inside the Soyuz capsule is significantly shortened, and the comfort of the overall mission is improved.

Space exits

On April 20, Pawel Vinogradow and Roman Romanjenko completed their first spacecraft mission in 2013. They installed two measuring probes for plasma research. In addition, experimental samples were recovered and a laser reflector was changed. The sample of the Wuinosliwost experiment (Выносливость, in German: perseverance) slipped out of the hands of Pavel Winogradov and was lost.

Shortly before the end of the mission, an ammonia leak was discovered in the cooling system of the P6 solar module on May 9th . This module was brought to the ISS in December 2000 with the space shuttle mission STS-97 . As a result, an unplanned EVA of Thomas Marshburn and Christopher Cassidy was arranged at short notice . The two had already worked together successfully on two space exits during the STS-127 mission . To fix the problem, they replaced a pump control box on the affected solar module on May 11th.

Communication and computer technology

On April 2nd, part of the communication system of the US-based part of the space station was renewed. The work was carried out by Thomas Marshburn and Chris Hadfield on avionics cabinet 3 in the Destiny laboratory module and took several hours each over several days. First the video broadband unit (VBSP) was expanded. Then the new Ku-band communication unit 2 (ICU-2) was installed and connected.

The first tests were carried out after the unit was activated. In the meantime, communication took place via other systems. On April 11th, an identical ICU-1 unit was installed, which then made full redundancy available.

With the new communication system, the data rate to earth increases from 150 to 300 Mbit / s and from earth to the station from 3 to 25 Mbit / s. The number of available video channels from the station increases from 4 to 6 and that of the audio channels from 2 to 4. In addition, the new Ku-band system should also offer the possibility of remote control of important functions of the station from Earth, if communication via S-band fails.

At the beginning of May, several notebooks on the International Space Station were converted from Microsoft Windows to a Linux distribution. More precisely, the computers of the so-called operations LAN were provided with an installation of Debian 6. All the necessary applications were also integrated into the image. The OpsLAN computers are used for administrative operations as well as personal contact with the earth. B. on the Internet and used as an assistant to the crew members. The on-board cameras can also be controlled via these computers. Mission critical applications do not run on these laptops.

There are hundreds of computers on board the International Space Station, including more than 140 laptops. Of these, however, only about 20 are networked in OpsLAN. A large number of notebooks are used to support experiments. Various programs can be selected, special parameters set and measurements recorded here. These are then often copied to mobile data carriers or transmitted to earth by radio.

For some time now , computers with Red Hat Linux and Scientific Linux have been used on board the ISS, which can now be gradually replaced by the more modern Debian 6. Some computers with Windows operating systems are also used.

Freight traffic

A Dragon spaceship is moved using a manipulator arm.

On March 26, the Dragon CRS-2 capsule returned to Earth. She was released from the manipulator arm of the ISS at around 11:56 a.m. CET and, after several distance maneuvers, had started the final braking maneuver, which lasted about ten minutes, at around 16:42 p.m. CET. Shortly afterwards, the command capsule entered denser layers of the earth's atmosphere and was thereby greatly slowed down. Then the pilot and later the three main parachutes opened, which further slowed the flight. At around 17:34, the capsule watered in the Pacific at the coordinates 30.5 ° north, 120 ° west. For the Canadian CSA samples and hardware parts from Microflow and Vascular were on board, for the ESA results and parts from Energy and Biolabs and for the JAXA materials from Medaka, Hair, Stem Cells, Hikari, EPO and MIP2. Most of the samples and returned paraphernalia are from NASA experiments, including HRP, BCAT, BRIC, Cell Bio Tech, CGBA, PIG and SCK. However, part of the station equipment was also returned to earth for investigations. This was a total of 401 kg of a medical system (Crew Health Care System), an environmental control system (Environmental Control and Life Support System), the power supply system EPS (Electric Power System) and TCTT.

On April 21, the Freighter Progress-M 17M, which had been decoupled from the station 6 days earlier, burned up. Its successor started on April 24th, but had a problem. One of the radar antennas used to determine position and speed when approaching the space station was not unfolded. The cosmonauts from inside the station took over the remote-controlled and particularly slow approach. When folded, the reflector of the antenna is only a few millimeters away from the coupling unit.

return

On May 12, Chris Hadfield handed over command of the station to his Russian colleague Pavel Vinogradov. The next day, Chris Hadfield, Tom Marshburn and Roman Romanenko boarded their spaceship and disconnected from the Rasswet module on the night of May 14th . With the successful landing, their mission in space came to an end. However, there were still a number of tests to be carried out, which were mainly used to support the readjustment to gravity.

Others

On April 4th, the results of the first evaluation of the measurements of the Alpha-Magnet-Spectrometer AMS, which had taken 18 months until then, were presented on earth . This complex research apparatus is used to search for anti and dark matter in space, but has not yet had any success reports.

A micrometeorite pierced a solar cell panel and left a small hole.

On April 29th, Chris Hadfield photographed a small hole in one of the solar cell panels. This was apparently created unnoticed by the impact of a micrometeorite or part of space debris with a diameter of 1 to 2 millimeters, but hardly affects the station's energy supply.

Towards the end of the mission, a video was released in which Chris Hadfield sang his own version of the David Bowie classic Space Oddity. The video was viewed more than 15 million times in the first month.

Roman Romanjenko had a few more extraordinary activities on his schedule after the flight. On May 15, he performed a simulation of a hand-controlled Mars landing in a centrifuge. An exit under Mars conditions followed a day later. It was hanging in a frame that was set so that it apparently only had to overcome a third of the earth's gravity.

See also

Web links

Commons : ISS Expedition 35  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günther Glatzel: Crew of Soyuz-TMA 06M landed. raumfahrer.net, March 16, 2013, accessed on March 16, 2013 .
  2. ↑ Soyuz-TMA 08M started on time. Raumfahrer.net, March 28, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Completed the first spacecraft mission in 2013. Raumfahrer.net, April 20, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Saturday Spacewalk to Troubleshoot Ammonia Leak Approved. NASA, May 10, 2013, accessed May 12, 2013 .
  5. ↑ Astronauts Complete Spacewalk to Repair Ammonia Leak. NASA, May 11, 2013, accessed May 12, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Modernization of communication technology on the ISS. Raumfahrer.net, April 3, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  7. ↑ More Linux in space! Raumfahrer.net, May 12, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  8. Jump up ↑ Dragon CRS 2 capsule. Raumfahrer.net, March 26, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Progress-M 17M burned up in the atmosphere. Raumfahrer.net, April 21, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Next freighter started for the ISS. Raumfahrer.net, April 24, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  11. ↑ 34. International ISS crew back on Earth. Raumfahrer.net, May 14, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .
  12. ↑ AMS results presented. Raumfahrer.net, April 4, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013 .