Karl Georg von Wächter

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Portrait of Karl Georg von Wächter, after a lithograph by Christian Pfann , around 1850
Karl Georg von Wächter
Karl Georg von Wächter (right) at the "Homage from both chambers of estates on October 30, 1841" to King Wilhelm I (center), detail from a relief of the anniversary column on Schlossplatz in Stuttgart
Karl Georg von Wächter, 1864
Portrait of Karl Georg von Wächter on an oil painting from the holdings of the Tübingen Professorengalerie

Karl Joseph Georg Sigismund Wächter , also Carl Georg Waechter , from 1835 von Wächter , (born December 24, 1797 in Marbach am Neckar ; †  January 15, 1880 in Leipzig ) was a German lawyer , chamber president, university professor and politician.

ancestry

Karl Georg Wächter came from an old Württemberg civil servant family with originally Saxon roots. He was born the sixth of eight children and the only son of the lawyer and later consistorial director Johann Eberhard von Wächter (1762–1839) and his wife Caroline Luise, née. von Bühler (1769–1833). Karl Georg von Wächter was a nephew of Minister Karl Eberhard von Wächter and a cousin of Minister Karl Freiherr von Waechter-Spittler . Karl Georg von Wächter's paternal grandparents were the married couple Johann Eberhard von Wächter (1735–1807), Wuerttemberg Court and Finance Councilor, and Maria Regina geb. Sigel (1733–1798), on his mother's side Friedrich Gottlob (von) Bühler (1736–1799), expedition counselor in Urach, and Christine Regina born. Moist (* 1743).

Life

Wächter attended a Latin school and high school . In 1814, after much deliberation, he began studying law . Originally he had wanted to study medicine, but his father was thinking of studying theology. After all, it was King Friedrich I of Württemberg who at that time still approved every study entry himself and determined law studies for Wächter.

First, Waechter studied from 1815 at the State University of Tübingen . It was not until 1817 that studying abroad, including in other German states, was permitted. In the same year Wächter completed a semester in Heidelberg (then Baden ), but then returned to Tübingen. In December 1818, Wächter passed his first state examination with the grade "Excellent". During his studies in 1816 he became a founder of the old Tübingen fraternity Arminia and from 1818 belonged to the fraternity Germania Tübingen .

In 1819 he was appointed assessor at the court in Esslingen am Neckar . But already on August 13, 1819 he became an associate professor of law in Tübingen and in 1822 Wächter became a full professor and doctor of law.

From 1825 to 1833 Wächter was Professor of Law at the University of Tübingen, where he was also Rector and Vice Chancellor from 1825 to 1828. From 1833 to 1835 he taught at the University of Leipzig , but returned to Tübingen and was Chancellor of the university there from 1835 to 1851 and as such also a member, later President (1839–1848) of the Württemberg Chamber of Deputies of the State Parliament. He was made an honorary citizen of the city of Tübingen. In 1848 he was a member of the preliminary parliament .

In 1851 Wächter went to Lübeck , where he held the office of President at the Higher Appeal Court , the Supreme Court of the four Free Imperial Cities .

From 1852 Wächter was again a professor at the law faculty of the University of Leipzig, was appointed a member of the State Council by the King of Saxony in 1855 and was rector of the university from 1858 to 1860. In 1859 he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Leipzig as rector of the university, which celebrated its 450th anniversary. Since December 1854 he was a full member of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences .

In 1860 he was one of the co-founders of the German Lawyers' Association , of which he was also the first president. He was re-elected five times. In 1867 he was elected to the constituent Reichstag of the North German Confederation . In 1869 he was appointed a real privy councilor and raised to the Saxon nobility .

During his lifetime, Wächter was referred to as the "greatest German lawyer of all time" . He was buried on the Röcknitz manor (today a district of Thallwitz near Leipzig ), which his youngest son had acquired in 1872.

After his death in 1884 a street in the Leipzig Südwestvorstadt ( music district ) was named after him and in 1897 the City Council of Leipzig founded the “Karl-Georg-von-Wächtersche Foundation”, with the interest of 120 gold marks a year being paid for a scholarship .

family

In 1822 he married Johanne Emilie Baumeister (1802–1880) from Hamburg . This marriage resulted in two sons and two daughters. The older of the two sons, the lawyer and politician Oskar von Wächter (1825-1902), was also a member of the state parliament in the second chamber of the Württemberg state estates. He wrote a biography of his father and posthumously published his pundits and lectures on German criminal law . The much younger son, the Royal Chamberlain Baron Karl Alfred von Wächter (1842–1914), studied agriculture in Hohenheim and obtained his doctorate. phil. in Leipzig , where he had already attended the Nikolai grammar school. In 1872 he bought the manor and manor in Röcknitz ( Saxony ) and in 1875 married Rosalie, born in Stuttgart . Freiin von Soden, daughter of Baron August Warren Hastings von Soden (1818-1859) and his wife Karoline (Lilli), born. Holzschuher (1829–1912). He was the founder and board member of the local agricultural association, member of the first chamber of estates and chairman of the Leipzig agricultural district association, from 1901 on the supervisory board of the Hohburger Quarz-Porphyr-Werke AG and was appointed to the secret economy council in 1909. In the celebratory edition of the Deutsche Juristen-Zeitung for the 500th anniversary of the University of Leipzig (edited by Otto Liebmann . Berlin: Liebmann, 1909, Col. 127–129), he published, among others, a brief tribute to his father.

Fonts

Honors

  • 1835 Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown , associated with the personal nobility
  • 1836 honorary citizen of the city of Tübingen
  • 1839 Commentary Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown
  • 1859 honorary citizen of the city of Leipzig
  • 1861 Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
  • 1879 conferred the hereditary nobility of the Kingdom of Saxony
  • 1884 Wächterstrasse was named after him in Leipzig
  • 1887 The city of Leipzig established the Karl-Georg-von-Wächtersche Foundation
  • 1904 The Wächterstrasse was named after him in Dresden

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the Waechter family . In: Eberhard Emil von Georgii-Georgenau : Biographical-genealogical sheets from and about Swabia. Müller, Stuttgart 1879, pp. 1037-1048 ( archive.org ).
  2. ↑ Federal Archives: Members of the Pre-Parliament and the Fifties Committee (PDF file; 79 kB)
  3. ^ Members of the SAW: Carl Georg von Wächter. Saxon Academy of Sciences, accessed December 10, 2016 .
  4. ↑ State Archives Ludwigsburg , inventory PL 20 VI Büschel 150 .
  5. ↑ Source: Röcknitz manor history .
  6. ^ Digitized by HathiTrust with US proxy.
  7. ↑ Royal Württemberg Court and State Handbook 1839 , p. 35

literature

  • Bernhard Windscheid : Carl Georg von Waechter . Duncker and Humblot, Leipzig 1880.
  • Oskar von Wächter : Carl Georg von Wächter: Life of a German lawyer . Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1881 ( digitized version ).
  • Meyers Konversationslexikon. 4th edition, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna, Volume 16, 1890, p. 309 ( digitized version ).
  • Johann August Ritter von Eisenhart :  Guardian, Karl Georg von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, pp. 435-440.
  • Lars Jungemann: "Carl Georg von Wächter (1797–1880) and the criminal law of the 19th century". Dissertation. Writings on legal history (Issue 79). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-09732-7 .
  • Bernd-Rüdiger Kern (Ed.): Between Romance Studies and German Studies. Carl Georg von Waechter (1797–1880) . Writings on legal history (Issue 81). Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-10025-5 .
  • Frank Raberg : Biographical handbook of the Württemberg state parliament members 1815-1933 . On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-17-016604-2 , p. 961-962 .
  • Gottfried Schiemann : On the influence of Carl Georg von Wächter on the creation of the BGB . In: Franz Dorn (ed.): Festschrift for Gerd Kleinheyer on his 70th birthday , CF Müller, Heidelberg 2001, pp. 419–435, ISBN 3-8114-5015-8 .
  • Christoph Mauntel: Carl Georg von Wächter (1797–1880). Law in early constitutionalism . Dissertation. In: Legal and political science publications of the Görres Society. New episode; Volume 110, Verlag Schöningh, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 978-3-506-71689-7 ( digitized version ).
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Volume 6: T-Z. Winter, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8253-5063-0 , pp. 177-179.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Guardian, Karl Georg von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Waechter, Carl Georg von; Guardian, Karl Joseph Georg Sigismund
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1797
PLACE OF BIRTH Marbach am Neckar
DATE OF DEATH January 15, 1880
Place of death Leipzig