Kirchberg an der Wild

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Kirchberg an der Wild ( village )
locality
cadastral municipality Kirchberg an der Wild
Kirchberg an der Wild (Austria)
Red pog.svg
Basic data
Pole. District , state Zwettl  (ZT), Lower Austria
Judicial district Zwettl
Pole. local community Göpfritz an der Wild
Coordinates 48 ° 45 '4 "  N , 15 ° 24' 13"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 45 '4 "  N , 15 ° 24' 13"  E
height 564  m above sea level A.
Residents of the village 164 (January 1, 2020)
Building status 102 (2001)
Area  d. KG 6.58 km²
Post Code 3811f1
Statistical identification
Locality code 06767
Cadastral parish number 24028
Counting district / district Kirchberg an der Wild (32505 006)
image
Church (left tower) and castle (right) in Kirchberg an der Wild on a foggy autumn day
Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; NÖGIS
f0
164

Kirchberg an der Wild is a cadastral municipality with around 200 inhabitants in the market town of Göpfritz an der Wild in the Zwettl district in Lower Austria .

geography

Kirchberg an der Wild (altitude 564  m ) is located in the northern Waldviertel between Horn and the Czech border. The nickname game refers to the forest area in the surrounding area and is used in several place names in this area. Still belonging to the Groß-Sieghart catchment area (13 km), it is considered part of the "Bandlkramerland".

On the steeply sloping west side of the hill is the artificially created castle pond, with the boggy, cloudy color typical of the Waldviertel. The pond is fed by the Seebsbach flowing to the south and flowing north, which rises in the Wild and flows into the Edelbach via Schönfeld an der Wild and Blumau an der Wild near Seebs. As a result, the western and northern districts are characterized by high levels of moisture, which, on the other hand, can show a high diversity of species of insects and birds (storks, swallows and magpies) in a small area.

history

Kirchberg an der Wild was probably built in the first half of the 12th century. The first central building complex was probably built as a castle-church complex around 1130/40, where the parish church is today. For the year 1153 there is already the first written mention as a parish. In this document, Ulrich von Pernegg's donation from the church in Kirchberg (with the third ten) to the Geras monastery is noted.

Coat of arms stone from 1686 in the church

The following owners of the castle and the surrounding lands are documented:

  • 1153: Geras Abbey
  • 1385: Andre Chaczinger von Chirchperg
  • 1450: Georg von Kuenring-Seefeld
  • 1492: Valentin Gundisch
  • 15./16. Century: Johann IV. Von Chunringer (* 1481, † April 28, 1513)
  • 16th century: Leopold Hager (Protestant nobleman)
  • 1548: Maquard von Khunring (bought by contract from Hanns and Wilhelm Puechheim)
  • 1552, 1561: Wenzel von Krackwitz
  • 1561: Hieronymus Stubner
  • 1605: Johann Ludwig von Krackwitz (loss of the goods in 1620 as a Protestant to the k. U. K Hofkammer through confiscation)
  • from 1627: Ferdinand Kulmer von Rosenbühel (through purchase)
  • from 1631: son Ferdinand Kulmer von Rosenbühel (by inheritance)
  • 1st half of the 17th century: Susanne Winklerin and Georg Ehrenreich
  • 1641–1653: Joachim Enzmilner who was later allowed to call himself Count von Windhag
  • 1719: Johann Christoph Ferdinand Graf von Mallenthein
  • until the mid-1950s: Van der Straten-Ponthoz
  • until today: the Frühwirth family
Postcard with an aerial view of Kirchberg an der Wild (probably from the 1930s)
Kirchberg an der Wild in 1672 (view from the north)

It is believed that on October 14, 1431 the important battle against the Hussites took place on the plain between Georgenberg and Kirchberg, in which the Hussites suffered a heavy defeat against the Austrians under the leadership of Leopold von Kraigk . However, the source references to the location of the battle are not clear. According to the current state of research, the battlefield could also be located east of Thaya in the Harder Forest.

During the First World War, the castle served as an internment camp for prisoners of war.

In 1929 Kirchberg was made a market. In the years from 1945 to 1955, Russian troops were accommodated in the castle and the houses of the village.

Historic Buildings

church

The Romanesque core of the parish church (Saints Peter and Paul), which is considered one of the oldest in the Waldviertel, dates back to 1153. The Romanesque square tower, the floor plan of the nave and the triumphal arch have been preserved from the original complex. Castle (forerunner of today's castle) and church were originally secured by a common fortification (see engraving by Georg Matthäus Vischer from 1672).

The sacristy walled over a formwork (middle thing between the round-arched barrel and the pointed-arch bend in the vault) is likely to date from the middle of the 13th century. The choir building in the late Gothic style dates back to the end of the 15th century and was converted to Baroque style in 1761.

The late Gothic cross vaulted choir with 5 / 8 final was from the 15th century and the square choir is equipped with a ribbed vault. The flat-roofed nave was renewed around 1761 in the baroque style. Four oval oil paintings in stucco frames, which were created around 1740, are attached to the inner walls. These are the Saints Florian, Peter, Paul and Donatus.

The Renaissance tomb of Balthasar Winkler von Neuhaus and Kirchberg (Imperial Councilor, married Katarina Susanna von Grünthal in 1563) is located in the tower square.

The western vestibule contains a three-part coat of arms stone with a figural bas-relief from 1686. The parish was incorporated into the Geras Abbey in the 12th century, and then merged with Blumau in the period 1611 to 1700. After that the parish became independent.

The parsonage belonging to the church (market square number 2) is a simple Josephinian building with typical plastered areas.

Today the parish belongs to the deanery of Geras, which in turn is subordinate to the diocese of St. Pölten .

lock

Kirchberg Castle on the Wild

Under Wenzel von Krackwitz, the medieval castle was generously converted into a fortified, three-winged renaissance castle around 1555. The castle itself is a massive two-story rectangular building with pilaster strips .

Before the renovation in 1740, the building was surrounded by a moat and a bridge should have led to the main gate (a wrought-iron gate grille still exists). Its compact east tower with a square floor plan is modeled on the style of the church tower, but was still a round tower before the renovations in 1740.

A fire in 1895 destroyed the northwestern extension. The rooms are still equipped with stucco ceilings from the 2nd half of the 19th century.

The inscription AD 1933 on the tower (under the upper tower window towards the market place) suggests that a major renovation took place this year as well. A tower clock was attached to the castle tower with dials towards the market square (east) and towards Göpfritz an der Wild (south). Traces of the number field border and the wall holes for the pointers can still be seen today. Today the castle is privately owned and cannot be visited.

Marketplace

Marian column on the main square

The former Anger is a rectangular square with a ratio of 1 to 6. In the center there is a Marian column from 1720 in a small group of trees (behind it there is also an underground extinguishing water reservoir). Before it was renovated (around the 1980s), house number 17 still had a baroque core. Of this, only a popular sculpture of St. Florian in a niche has survived. About half of the market square buildings still have the original facade from the 2nd half of the 19th century.

Historical settlement development

historical development of the settlement areas in Kirchberg an der Wild

The original settlement core area (zone A) lies on the hill around the main square, with the church and the castle at the western end and the road to the east (extension of the square) to the cemetery and the fields. Thereafter, the settlement should have continued along the steep southern arterial road (Zone B) towards Göpfritz an der Wild .

In the second half of the 19th century, small building plots west of the northern arterial road at the foot of the hill (Zone C) were made available for the leaseholders of the castle and the weavers of the nearby former textile industry of Groß-Sieghart . Cellarless houses were built there in the simple cottage style, with outer walls on frame foundations made of rock, thatched roofs and intermediate walls made of air-dried clay bricks. The buildings in this zone were formerly also called "Weber houses" and up to the interwar period were increasingly inhabited by up to two families at the same time.

In the 20th century, settlement began on the east side of the northern arterial road (Zone D). The development can also be read off the house numbers, which were assigned in ascending order within the village after the reasons were opened up (and not depending on the streets, as is usual in larger towns). In 1853 it was reported that Kirchberg an der Wild had 54 houses. This corresponds almost exactly to the settlement zones A and B. At the beginning of the 21st century there were a little over 100 built-up plots in the village.

Historical development of the economy, infrastructure and municipal facilities

Up until World War II, the employment structure was roughly divided into three areas:

  1. Independent farmers and trades
  2. Dependent workers who were in direct and indirect service with the castle (day laborers, tenants, employees) and
  3. State employees (rail, post office, community)

This changed in the second republic. On the one hand, the employer “lord of the castle” was only available to a limited extent (sale of the castle), on the other hand, the iron curtain blocked the exchange of goods and services in the direction of what was then Czechoslovakia . This not only led to an economic decline, but also to a decline in population density due to emigration and the dissolution of the village and regional infrastructure. This effect was not limited to Kirchberg an der Wild, but covered the entire northern Waldviertel.

This regression, which lasted until the beginning of the 1990s, manifested itself in the dismantling of the Franz-Josefs-Bahn (Austria) on one track (1959–1967), the closure of the Göpfritz – Raabs local railway  (1986), the closure of the post office and the elementary school in the village, and closure of village businesses such as butchers, bakers, inns and two small department stores. Of course, this situation also changed the job offer and many residents were therefore forced to work as commuters (weekly commuters to Vienna).

Until the inter-war period, there were also the following businesses in Kirchberg an der Wild:

  • Mill (the building still exists; however , the mill wheel was dismantled in the 1970s)
  • Spirit distillery on the castle grounds (made from local potatoes; the chimney is still visible today)
  • Commercial fish farming (carp) in the castle pond

With the opening of the borders (1989), the region experienced a small boom, which was reinforced by the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU (2004). The public infrastructure was expanded and modernized; z. E.g. the entire local area was connected to a central water, sewer and gas supply; the Franz-Josefs-Bahn (Austria) was electrified in the Göpfritz an der Wild section (2.5 kilometers from Kirchberg). The supply options have also greatly improved since the beginning of the 21st century with the establishment of large retail chains (e.g. Billa , Zielpunkt (retail chain) ) in the region.

Important people who were born here or who worked here

Important politicians:

  • Erich Mautner, mayor and mayor in peace
  • Erich Beranek, (* 1959) mayor and councilor since 2010


See also

Web links

Commons : Kirchberg an der Wild  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  • Karl Gutkas: History of the State of Lower Austria . NÖ Pressehaus Druck- und VerlagsgesmbH, St. Pölten 1983
  • Richard Kurt Donin : Dehio Handbook - The Art Monuments Austria - Lower Austria . Publisher Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1953
  • Franz Karl Wißgrill : scene of the rural Niederösterr. Adels, Volume 5 , printed by Christrian Fridrich Wappler 1804
  • Franz Xavier Joseph Schweickhardt (Knight of Sickingen): Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Ens , printed by Anton Benko, Vienna 1841
  • Historical commission of the Imperial Academy of Sciences: Fontes rerum Austriacarum: Diplomataria et acta (second section - Volume VI) , kuk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1853
  • Historical Commission Kaiserl. Academy of Sciences in Vienna, notes sheet. Supplement to the archive for customers of Austrian historical sources , 1853
  1. ↑ (see engraving by Georg Matthäus Vischer from 1672)