Bones of man
The skeleton of the people there (apart from congenital variations such as cervical ribs and mergers) according to sources from 206 to 212 regular bone that up to half a meter can be large of a few millimeters, and all have a function. The weight of the bone mass is ten to 15 percent of a person of normal weight . Together they form the skeleton. Depending on their shape, human bones are divided into the following groups:
- Ossa longa or tubular bones such as the arm and leg bones
- Ossa plana or flat bones such as the sternum and ribs
- Ossa brevia short, compact bones such as the carpal and metatarsal bones
- Ossa pneumatica or air-containing bones such as the upper jaw
- Ossa sesamoidea or sesamoid bones such as the kneecap
Infants have over 300 bones, some of which will grow together over time.
skull
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Skull (cranium)
- Brain skull ( neurocranium )
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Facial skull ( viscerocranium )
- Zygomatic bone ( os zygomaticum )
- Upper jaw ( maxilla )
- Lower jaw ( mandible )
- Nasal bone ( os nasale )
- Lacrimal bone ( os lacrimale )
- Palatine bone ( os palatinum )
- Hyoid bone ( hyoid )
- Ploughshare ( vomer )
- Auditory ossicles ( malleus, incus, stapes )
hull
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Spine ( Columna vertebralis ) consists of 33 vertebrae :
- Seven cervical vertebrae ( Vertebrae cervicales ), named separately
- the first cervical vertebra, atlas
- the second cervical vertebra, Axis
- the seventh cervical vertebra, vertebra prominent
- Twelve thoracic vertebrae ( Vertebrae thoracicae )
- Five lumbar vertebrae ( vertebrae lumbales )
- Sacrum ( sacrum , five deformed vertebrae)
- Tailbone ( Os coccygis , four to five vertebral rudiments)
- Seven cervical vertebrae ( Vertebrae cervicales ), named separately
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thorax
- Twelve ribs ( costae ) on each side
- Breastbone ( sternum )
Upper extremity
Shoulder girdle
- The shoulder girdle ( cingulum membri superioris ) is made up of two bones:
- Collarbone ( clavicle )
- Shoulder blade ( scapula )
Arm (membrum superius)
- Upper arm bone ( humerus )
- Forearm bones ( ossa antebrachii )
Hand ( manus )
- The hand is made up of 27 bones.
- The wrist ( carpus ) consists of eight bones ( Ossa carpi ; Mnemonic: A barge that travels in the moons shining in the triangle around the pea leg . Polygon size , polygon small - on the head , there must a hook to be.)
- Scaphoid bone ( scaphoid bone )
- Moon bone ( os lunatum )
- Triangular leg ( os triquetrum )
- Pea bone ( os pisiforme )
- large polygonal bone ( os trapezium )
- small polygonal bone ( os trapezoideum )
- Head bone ( os capitatum )
- Hook bone ( os hamatum )
- The metacarpal has five metacarpal bones ( ossa metacarpi , numbered I – V).
- Two sesamoid bones ( ossa sesamoidea ) in the metacarpal-finger joint (metacarpophalangeal joint) of the thumb
- The fingers each consist of three bones, the phalanges (phalanx proximalis, phalanx media, phalanx distalis , numbered I – V), the thumbs (I) consist of only two ( phalanx proximalis and phalanx distalis )
- The wrist ( carpus ) consists of eight bones ( Ossa carpi ; Mnemonic: A barge that travels in the moons shining in the triangle around the pea leg . Polygon size , polygon small - on the head , there must a hook to be.)
Lower extremity
Hip ( coxa )
- The hip bone ( Os coxae ), grown together from three bones on each side:
- Ilium ( ilium )
- Pubic bone ( os pubis )
- Ischium ( ischium )
- Sacrum (sacrum)
leg
- Thigh bone ( os femoris )
- Kneecap ( patella )
- Lower leg bones ( ossa cruris )
Foot (pes)
The foot is made up of twenty-six bones. The tarsus ( tarsus ) consists of seven bones.
- Tarsal bone (ossa tarsi)
- Anklebone ( talus )
- Heel bone ( calcaneus )
- Scaphoid bone ( navicular bone )
- Three cuneiform bones ( os cuneiforme mediale, intermedium et laterale )
- Cuboid bone ( Os cuboideum )
- Key point: the talus and the calcaneus , who wanted the barge in, and made war three times wedges from the cuboid bone .
- Five metatarsal bones ( ossa metatarsi , numbered I – V)
- Two sesamoid bones ( Ossa sesamoidea ) in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe
- The toes each consist of three bones ( phalanx proximalis, media, et distalis , numbered I – V), the big toes (I) only consist of two bones.
Accessory bones
In addition, there are a number of bones and varieties that occur only in a small portion of the population, the accessory bones . These include:
- Additional ribs
- Neck ribs as an additional rib on the seventh cervical vertebra (clinically relevant, cervical rib syndrome )
- Lumbar ribs on the first lumbar vertebra
- Accessory foot bones, e.g. B.
- Os tibiale externum , Os intermetatarseum , Os trigonum , Os supranavicular , Os vesalianum , Os peroneum
See also
Web links
Commons : Human Bones - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files
Individual evidence
- ↑ Daniel D. Chiras: Human Body Systems . Jones & Bartlett Publishers, May 29, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4496-4793-3 , p. 91.
- ^ Rainer Flindt: Amazing Numbers in Biology . Springer Science & Business Media, December 21, 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-30147-9 , p. 208.