Industrial district

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 47 ° 55 '  N , 16 ° 20'  E

Relief map: Austria
marker
Industrial district​
Magnify-clip.png
Austria
Districts and districts of Lower Austria
Map Aut Noe Districts.png

The industrial quarter , an ancient quarter under the Vienna Woods , is the south-eastern part of Lower Austria .

Since the political districts were formed in 1868, the districts in Lower Austria no longer have a legal basis and are purely landscape names. The older district division , which was still based on the old quarters, was replaced.

The northern border to the Weinviertel extends from the state border at Hainburg an der Donau to Vienna , from where the western border to the Mostviertel runs south along the thermal line and the foothills of the Vienna Woods . The southern border runs along the mountain ridge to Styria until it meets the Rosaliengebirge , along which the border goes north again and, with the Leitha and Leithagebirge, forms the eastern border to Burgenland .

Politics and administration

Historical administrative region

As part of the Teresian reforms was circular sub-Vienna Woods (abbreviated in the 18th and 19th centuries UWW or VUWW) established that as the lowest government unit to local landlords faced. The seat of the district office was Wiener Neustadt . After the upheaval in 1848 and the transfer of rulers to free municipalities, district offices (see administrative district ) took over many areas of responsibility of the district offices. Such district offices were set up in 1853 for the administrative districts of Aspang , Baden , Bruck an der Leitha , Ebreichsdorf , Gloggnitz , Gutenstein , Hainburg , Hernals , Hietzing , Kirchschlag , Klosterneuburg , Mödling , Neunkirchen , Pottenstein , Purkersdorf , Schwechat , Sechshaus and Wiener Neustadt and the district office in Wiener Neustadt now acted as the second instance of the district offices and was also active as a supervisory authority. This administrative structure was in place until 1867. With the settlement in 1867 , the new Austrian constitution of 1867 divided the industrial quarter into districts (or district authorities ) in 1868 , thus abolishing the Unter-Wienerwald district.

However, the old district structure survived in the area of ​​justice as the district court of St. Pölten , which was still the second instance for the district courts of the industrial quarter and the industrial quarter was also a separate constituency for the National Council until 1992, until the National Council electoral code of 1992 a structure with smaller ones Regional constituencies was established. After that, the state electoral districts were also broken down to the level of the districts.

Political structure

The main regions of Lower Austria

The following districts are included in the industrial district:

There are also Klosterneuburg ( Tulln district ) and the eastern part of the St. Pölten district ( Purkersdorf district ).

This includes 14  judicial districts , 170 municipalities and 385 cadastral municipalities .

In the official statistics, the southern part belongs to Lower Austria-South ( NUTS: AT 122), the northern part to Vienna's environs / southern part (AT127).

Main region

For spatial planning, Lower Austria is divided into five main regions . The industrial quarter is largely covered by the main industrial quarter region, but not including the Vienna Woods communities in the St. Pölten district and the city of Klosterneuburg , which belong to the central Lower Lower Austria region .

landscape

The landscape of the industrial district is characterized by the stone field plain with its brown earth soils on tertiary molasses and the Vienna Basin with Chernosem soils . The landscape in the area of ​​the Vienna Basin consists of extensive agricultural areas, industrial areas and vineyards on the thermal line . In Steinfeld can be found on the brown earth soils sprawling pine forests , which under Empress Maria Theresa were built to a desertification to prevent the dry landscape. Different forest types are formed on the slopes of the Vienna Woods, depending on the climatic conditions . In the east one can clearly see the so-called "gates", the Wiener Neustädter gate , the Bruck gate and the Hainburger gate , which separate the Rosaliengebirge and Leithagebirge , the Hundsheimer mountains and the Little Carpathians .

Simultaneously with the installation of pine forests in Steinfeld that the Kolophoniumproduktion were used was 1761-1765 on the dead straight line linking the cities Wiener Neustadt and Neunkirchen, called Neunkirchner Avenue , from Joseph Liesganig started geodetic surveying the entire previous monarchy.

Division into sub-areas

According to the nature conservation concept of 2015, Lower Austria is divided into 124 sub-areas (this division was developed in the 1990s), which are grouped into 26 regions. The decisive factor are the boundaries of the main regions, so that the division is not purely natural, but is also based on the administrative structure.

See the list of natural spatial units in Lower Austria

climate

The annual mean temperatures range from 11 ° C to 4 ° C, depending on the location. For Wiener Neustadt (280 m), for example , the mean annual temperature is around 10.3 ° C, precipitation around 630 mm, snow cover around 40 days, frost days around 95 and sunshine around 1,900 hours, in contrast to Semmering with an annual mean temperature of about 5.5 ° C, a precipitation of about 970 mm, a snow cover of about 150 days, about 150 frost days and a sunshine of about 1,500 hours.

economy

The name Industrieviertel comes from the early industrialization , which was the focus of the economy in the district under the Vienna Woods as early as 1783. Due to the favorable location factors , such as the proximity to the raw material deposits of wood , iron and coal , as well as the energy sources hydropower and wood and the sales market of the nearby city of Vienna, industries increasingly accumulated here. The industrial district was badly affected by the two world wars.

After the Second World War it was in the Soviet zone of occupation . The Soviets confiscated the companies belonging to the USIA companies and completely dismantled a number of machines and entire factories in order to rebuild them in the Soviet Union . Today, some industries are still based here. After 1955, many small and large industrial centers, such as the Lower Austria South industrial center from Eco Plus , were built along the thermal line in particular . Companies from the City of Vienna were the first to move into this area. This means that the Mödling district, although it is the smallest district in the state, generates the highest tax revenue in Austria.

The size of the industrial quarter is 4,186 km², that is 21.8% of the area of Lower Austria , but only 2,008 km² are available as permanent settlement area, which is 48% of the area of ​​the industrial quarter.

literature

Further information

Portal: Industrieviertel  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the topic of Industrieviertel

Web links

Various about the region:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lower Austria nature conservation concept