Kunzewo (Moscow)

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Local coat of arms of Kunzewo

Kunzewo ( Russian Ку́нцево ) is a former city in Russia , which was incorporated into Moscow in 1960 and has been on its western edge ever since. Today the area of ​​the former city is divided into several districts (also city rajons ).

Immediately before the incorporation, Kunzewo had around 111,000 inhabitants. Today's Kunzewo Rajon, which only covers the northwestern part of the former city, has around 124,700 inhabitants and an area of ​​16.1 km².

History of the place

Wooden church of John the Russian in Kunzewo

Kunzewo was first mentioned in a document in 1454, but it already existed in the 5th century BC. Finno-Ugric settlements in its place, which has been proven by archaeological excavations. At the time it was first mentioned as a locality, Kunzewo belonged to the Grand Duchy of Moscow (later to the Tsarist Russia ) and was a country residence that was alternately owned by different noble families. In 1572 , Czar Ivan the Terrible gave Kunzewo to the boyar Mstislavski. Due to its location west of Moscow, Kunzewo was for a long time the outpost of the city during attacks from this direction, for example during the Polish-Lithuanian invasion in 1611/12.

In the 17th century Kunzewo first belonged to the Mstislawski family, but in 1690, just like the neighboring Fili , it went to representatives of the Naryshkin . At that time it was a wooded area in which Tsar Alexei I, among others , used to hunt. Kunzewo belonged to the Naryshkin family until the middle of the 19th century, and it was during this time that buildings of the so-called Naryshkin Baroque were built , including a church and the family's estate including a park ensemble. In the late 18th century, Kunzewo was therefore considered a very elegant area, which was also used by the Tsarina Catherine the Great and the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. was visited.

In 1865 Kunzewo passed into the possession of the industrialist and art collector Kosma soldierskow, whose family it belonged from then until the October Revolution of 1917. During this time, a new church was built in the place where the Naryshkin church had not been preserved, and this Moscow suburb also gained noticeably in infrastructure, including the relocation of the Moscow-Smolensk-Minsk railway in 1871 near Kunzewo. At the beginning of the 20th century, Kunzewo, which had little industry, became a popular Moscow dacha suburb , where many prominent people from culture and politics also settled.

In 1926 Kunzewo, now numbering almost 9,000 inhabitants, received city status and in 1929 became the district center within Moscow Oblast . In the 1920s and 1930s, new industrial properties were built there, and with them extensive working-class quarters. In connection with this, the residential area in the extreme west of the district is still called Rabotschi Possjolok , literally “workers' settlement”. In 1935 the KPD's Brussels conference took place in Kunzewo . After the Second World War , Kunzewo was expanded to include additional residential and industrial areas. In 1953 Josef Stalin died at his dacha in Kunzewo. In 1960 the city of Kunzewo was spun off from Moscow Oblast and officially incorporated into Moscow. By the 1970s, practically all of the former dacha settlements were dissolved and replaced by modern high-rise residential areas.

The church, built by the soldiers' kows in 1913, was closed in the course of the early Soviet anti-religious campaign in 1932 and only returned to the property of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1991 .

geography

Crossing of Rubljower Chaussee with the ring road MKAD

The former city of Kunzewo is now in the territory of several Moscow districts within the Western Administrative District . To the west, Kunzewo adjoins the village of Fili , which was also incorporated into Moscow in 1935 and is now distributed over several city rajons.

While the historical Kunzewo comprises large parts of the western outskirts of Moscow south of the Moskva and along its tributary Setun , today's district of Kunzewo only forms an approximately triangular area between the Kutuzov Prospekt and Moshaisker Chaussee in the south, the MKAD motorway ring in the west (the here the Moscow city boundary also forms) and the road Rubljower Chaussee (the out of town to road celebrity " Rublyovka ) is" in the Northeast. The village of Rublyowo outside the MKAD is also under the Kunzewo district administration. Since the administrative reform in 1991, further parts of the historical Kunzewoer urban area belong to the districts of Fili-Dawydkowo and Moshaiski.

Attractions

Historic graves in the Kunzewoer Friedhof

In the area of ​​the former city of Kunzewo, there are historical buildings from the time when the village belonged to the Soldierskow family, but also from the early Soviet industrialization era of the early 20th century.

  • The Church of Our Lady of the Sign from 1913, built under the Soldier Kows, was closed in 1932 and re-consecrated in 1991. It is on Bolshaya Filjovskaya Street.
  • The Kunzewoer Friedhof , a little secluded south of the Moschaisker Chaussee, got its name from the former town of Kunzewo. Today it belongs to the Moshaiski district. The Church of the Redeemer on the Setun has stood there since 1676 , and numerous well-known personalities (including the Soviet statesman Georgi Malenkow and the writer Yuri Trifonov ) rest in the cemetery .
  • Several historical industrial buildings have been preserved in Kunzewo; such as the Art Nouveau factory building from 1902 on Vitebskaya Street.
  • Pjotr-Alexejew-Straße, today part of the Moshaiski district, still shows remnants of old rural buildings from Kunzewos with several wooden houses.
  • The wooden church of John the Russian on Jarzewskaya Street was built in 2004 in the style of old Russian wooden churches.

traffic

Platform and reception building of the Kunzewo train station
Kunzewskaya underground station (on the right the old, on the left the new platform)

The Moschaisker Chaussee arterial road runs through Kunzewo and becomes the M1 trunk road towards Western Europe (after its intersection with the MKAD ring road) . There are also several train stations and two underground stations in the district.

Kunzewo train station

The Kunzewo passenger station is around 250 meters south of Moschaisker Chaussee. It was created on the railway line to Smolensk (and on to Minsk ), which opened in 1871 and begins at the Belarusian railway station in central Moscow. The station itself was opened in 1874 and, at the end of the 19th century, was given a splendid reception building that is still used today. The station consists of two platforms and five tracks. The northern central platform is served by trains heading out of town, the southern side platform , which is also adjacent to the station building, is served by trains heading for Moscow. Both platforms are connected by a pedestrian bridge.

Today only local trains stop in Kunzewo . Direct connections are made for example according to Odinzowo , golitsyno , Swenigorod , Kubinka and Wjasma . The regular travel time by train from Kunzewo to the Belarusian railway station is 18 minutes.

Kuntsevskaya Metro Station

The Kunzewskaya underground station of the Moscow Metro , located in a cut, was put into operation on August 31, 1965. It is located about 300 meters north of the Kunzewo train station. From 1965 to the end of 2007, the subway station belonged only to the Filjovskaya line and had only one central platform, which, like the above-ground vestibule, was built in an extremely simple, uniform design. On January 7, 2008, a new side platform with an access vestibule and a transition bridge between the platforms was put into operation south of the old platform. Since then, Kunzewskaja has been a transfer station between the Filjowskaja line, which now ends in Kunzewskaja, and the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, which has been extended to the west . The trains of the Filjovskaya line, which run at relatively thin intervals, turn on the northernmost of the three tracks on the platform. At the same platform opposite, trains of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line in the direction of Mitino stop on the middle platform . Trains to the city center and Shcholkovskaya on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line stop at the newly built platform on the southern track.

Previous station Moscow Metro Next station
Molodjoschnaja
←  Mitino (Moscow Metro)
  Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line   Slavyansky Bulwar
Shcholkovskaya  →
Previous station Moscow Metro Next station
Pionerskaya
←  Alexandrovsky Sad
  Filevskaya Line   -

Others

Rabochi Posjolok stop

The Molodjoschnaja subway station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, which connects to Kunzewskaya to the west, is also located in the historic urban area of ​​Kunzewo , and the Rabotschi Posjolok and Setun railway stations on the Moscow-Smolensk route. Between these two stations, the branch line to Ussowo branches off from the main line .

Personalities who lived in Kunzewo

See also

Web links

Commons : Kunzewo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 55 ° 44 '  N , 37 ° 25'  E