Leopold Schefer

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Leopold Schefer

Gottlob Leopold Immanuel Schefer (born July 30, 1784 in Muskau , † February 13, 1862 ibid) was a German poet and composer, pseudonym Pandira .

Life

Leopold Schefer was born as the son of the Muskau country and poor doctor Christian Gottlob Schefer (1728–1805) and his wife Hanna Sophia (born Schumann, 1752–1808), the pastor's daughter from nearby Klitten .

After private lessons by his father, then by the rector of the Muskau city school Andreas Tamm and the councilor Johann Justus Röhde (also: Rhöde), he attended the grammar school in Bautzen from 1799 to 1804 . During this time he began to write and compose; his music teacher was the cantor Johann Samuel Petri . He then lived in Muskau again until 1816. From 1812 to 1816 he successfully represented the absent gentleman Hermann von Pückler-Muskau as his "General Inspector". His trip to England, which he undertook together with Pückler in 1814, visited numerous parks with him and was so impressed on stage by Eliza O'Neill that she appears repeatedly in his work , also falls during this period .

He then went to Vienna, where he studied medicine, other foreign languages ​​- he ended up having a total of eleven - and above all music with Antonio Salieri . From there he began his extensive travels, mostly on foot, through the eastern Mediterranean, which he called his “university of life”: to Italy, Malta, Attica and the Peloponnese, Chios, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Anatolia and Constantinople.

He returned to Muskau in December 1819, married in 1821, built a house according to his own designs and became the father of a son and four daughters. After that, despite many plans, he traveled very little (Dresden, Stuttgart, Berlin, Branitz , Döbschütz ) and initially lived very successfully on his pen. As a composer, however, he was anechoic. His pantheistic worldview caused the school clergy to prohibit his entry into the school reading books despite his popularity - an explanation for why he was almost forgotten for a long time. After the revolution he welcomed in the “ year of strength 1848 ”, he slowly lost his audience after its suppression and died in Muskau in 1862.

His gravestone made of Lusatian syenite is in the cemetery, within sight of his house.

The writer

Schefer was a famous author as a writer from the 1820s through the mid-century. In the wake of the enthusiasm that the Greek uprising of 1821–1829 against the Ottoman Empire sparked in Central Europe, he quickly became known in 1823 through his Greek novella "Palmerio". His short stories and novels, authentic through knowledge of countries and people and pictorial memories, were found in many paperbacks and almanacs . His particular strength was the description of natural disasters .

Schefers Laienbrevier from 1834/35 (a collection of formally deliberately undemanding didactic poems in inconsistent iambics for every calendar day) had 21 editions by 1898 (also in English and Polish). After the failure of the revolution of 1848 , whose literary pioneers had valued him as a knowledgeable, exciting, socially critical and unprejudiced author, he came across despite attempts to revive Theodor Storm ( house book from German poets , 1870), Theodor Paur , Carl Werckshagen (plan of a work edition 1897), Hans Benzmann ( The German Ballade , 1913) a. a. from 1900 gradually forgotten. In more recent times his work still had an influence on the Charon circle ( Karl Röttger ) and probably on Jakob Wassermann and Franz Werfel . Not until 1961 when Arno Schmidt Schefer in his Belphegor. Boasted news from books and people as " a good second-rate master ", he regained a certain reputation.

Schefer left an extensive body of work, the unprinted works (mainly diaries, concepts of a novel about Friedrich Stapß , poems, numerous compositions, including important songs and an unfinished opera) his printed œuvre (novels, short stories, poetry - a total of twelve volumes “Selected Works ”, 1845/46) still exceed in scope.

The editor and publisher

Schefer worked together with Lucie von Pückler in the editing of the oriental travel books of Hermann von Pückler and was probably the anonymous namesake and editor of the Almanac Helena, which appears in Bunzlau . He was also the posthumous writings of Muskauer preacher Johann Gottfried Petrick and a collection of short stories of the wife of W. out.

The composer

As u. a. Schefer trained as a composer with Antonio Salieri - especially of songs and other social music - but remained unsuccessful, although according to today's judgment he is considered original and important and the composer is ranked higher than the writer by Ernst-Jürgen Dreyer . Individual performances have taken place in recent years; For Schefer's 222nd birthday on July 30, 2006, a whole day with several events in Bad Muskau was dedicated primarily to his compositional work as part of the Lusatian Music Summer .

Schefer's work in Muskau

Schefer was a childhood friend of the horticultural artist and writer Graf (later Prince) Hermann von Pückler-Muskau , who did his first English park studies with him. He administered the rulership of Muskau during and after the Napoleonic campaign in Russia in 1812 , a period of horror with troop marches, looting and a murderous typhus epidemic . He returned to Muskau in 1819 after going around the world, “ on the evening of my youth ”, and lived on his royalties and (verifiably until 1845) a Pückler pension. He edited Prince Pückler's first publications, negotiated contracts for him and wrote reviews. In 1848 he ran the candidacy of Heinrich Laube as a member of parliament in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt . Continuing to write until he fell ill in 1861, he died in February 1862.

His original, well thought-out house, probably the only surviving self-built by a German poet of the 19th century, is still in Bad Muskau , in a questionable "renovated" condition, but can be restored.

His estate is mainly in the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences in Görlitz , but the music is in the Goethe and Schiller Archive in Weimar .

Works

From Leopold Schefer's
“Vigils” from 1843:
“ No fear of the truth ”

Appeared during his lifetime

Posthumously

  • For home and heart. Last sounds. Poems, 1867 (edited by Rudolf Gottschall )
  • Book of life and love. Poems, 1877 (edited by Alfred Moschkau )
  • Thirteen poems and songs. On the 200th birthday of the Muskau poet on July 30, 1984. with a foreword, published by Bettina Clausen , Bangert & Metzler, Frankfurt am Main 1984
  • The forest fire. Collected stories. with an afterword, published by Klaus Völker , Haidnian Alterthümer series at Zweiausendeins, 1985
  • Selected songs and chants for the piano. with a foreword published by Ernst-Jürgen Dreyer , G. Henle, Munich 2004
  • Diary of a great love. 22 songs by Leopold Schefer. CD, published by Freundeskreis Lausitzer Musiksommer eV KONSONANZ Music Agency, Bautzen 2006. Label code LC 01135
  • Late evening with a golden border. The best pages of Leopold Schefer . Selected and annotated by Bernd-Ingo Friedrich . Ed. Freundeskreis “Historica” Bad Muskau eV Verlag Quint.Media. Bad Muskau 2006. ISBN 3-9809079-3-7
  • The Easter Vigil. Novella by Leopold Schefer . With illustrations by Gerd Hallaschk. Edited by Bernd-Ingo Friedrich . Regia publishing house. Cottbus 2007. ISBN 978-3-939656-24-1

literature

  • Bettina Clausen : Leopold Schefer Bibliography. Bangert & Metzler, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-924147-10-8 .
  • Bettina Clausen, Lars Clausen : Capable of anything. Attempt of a socio-biography to understand the poet Leopold Schefer. 2 volumes, Bangert & Metzler, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-924147-09-4 .
  • Ernst-Jürgen Dreyer , Bernd-Ingo Friedrich : "Written with enthusiasm and not for money". The musical work of the poet Leopold Schefer. Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz 2006, ISBN 3-938583-06-1 .
  • Bernd-Ingo Friedrich : Leopold Schefer. Poet, composer, 1784-1862. Neisse Verlag, Görlitz 2005, ISBN 3-934038-45-X .
  • Bernd-Ingo Friedrich: “Laymen, Breviaries, Laymen's Breviere.” In: Marginalia. Journal of book art and bibliophilia . ISSN 0025-2948. Issue 183 (3.2006), pp. 53–60, belonging to it: Ten poems "From love things and devil's gifts" (= typographical supplement).
  • Bernd-Ingo Friedrich: "Leopold Schefer and the Orient." In: Oberlausitzer Heimatblätter . Via Regia Verlag. Olbersdorf. ISSN 2196-0496. No. 51/2016; Pp. 36-41.
  • Bernd-Ingo Friedrich: Incidental to the perception of China in the literature of the Biedermeier period . EAST ASIA Publishing House. Gossenberg 2016. (Yellow Earth series 12.) ISBN 978-3-946114-35-2 . (See on Schefer pp. 9–25; on the novella "Chinas Erretter", pp. 123–129.)
  • Nikolaus Gatter:  Schefer, Leopold. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 609 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Rudolf Gottschall : The German National Literature in the First Half of the 19th Century. 1855.
  • Albin Lenhard: On the narrative prose Leopold Schefers , Cologne 1975 (also Bochum: Univ. Diss., 1974).
  • Arno Schmidt : The forest fire or the wise man's grin in Belphegor. Messages from books and people , Stahlberg 1961, Reprint S. Fischer 1985, ISBN 3-10-070610-2
  • Matthias Wenzel: The "Leopold Scheferbestand" in the Upper Lusatian Library of Sciences in Görlitz . In: New Lusatian Magazine . New series, Volume 5/6, 2002/2003, pp. 125–128.
  • Rudolf Wolkan :  Schefer, Leopold . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 667-672.

See also

Web links

Wikisource: Leopold Schefer  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Leopold Schefer  - Quotes
Commons : Leopold Schefer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ A complete Schefer iconography can be found in Bettina Clausen, 1985.
  2. ↑ Clausen / Clausen 1985, p. 164
  3. ↑ So 1824 in The Deportees .
  4. ↑ His only married child, Salianne von Poncet, lived there with his grandchildren.
  5. ↑ For full details see Clausen / Clausen 1985. Its title Capable of all is Leopold I Schefers revival commitment MY Gnothi , hs., In 1804, removed (Clausen / Clausen 1985 Volume 2, p 231).
  6. ^ Reprinted in Clausen / Clausen 1985, Volume 2
  7. ↑ See Clausen 1985.
  8. ↑ See Dreyer / Friedrich 2006.
  9. ↑ Clausen / Clausen 1985 Volume 2
personal data
SURNAME Schefer, Leopold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schefer, Gottlob Leopold Immanuel (full name); Pandira (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet and composer
DATE OF BIRTH July 30, 1784
PLACE OF BIRTH Muskau
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1862
Place of death Muskau