Liepnitzsee
| Liepnitzsee | ||
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| The Liepnitzsee with the island from the northwest | ||
| Geographical location | Central Europe , Germany , Wandlitz , Bernau near Berlin | |
| Drain | Hellmühler Fliess | |
| Islands | Great Werder | |
| Places on the shore | Utzdorf | |
| Location close to the shore | Wandlitz | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 31 ′ 0 ″ E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 49.7 m above sea level NN | |
| surface | 1.157 2 km² | |
| length | 2.6 km | |
| width | 900 m | |
| scope | 8 kilometers | |
| Maximum depth | 17.5 m | |
| Middle deep | 8.8 m | |
| PH value | 8.3 | |
The Liepnitzsee, part of the Wandlitz Lake District, is located eight kilometers north of the Berlin city limits in the area of the city of Bernau near Berlin and the municipality of Wandlitz and is one of the cleanest lakes in Brandenburg . The lake fills a aufgegabelte tunnel valley , which the Grundmoränenplateau of Barnim runs. The lake reaches its greatest extent in an east-west direction.
The sea
Origin, location and origin of the name
The lake is a legacy of the Vistula Ice Age and lies in a channel surrounded by terminal moraines up to 30 meters high . In the 18th century it was larger and wider in the northeastern area and in this bulge there was also an island. In the 19th century began here silting one disappeared so that the smaller island and today is a land connection with the shore areas. The divided lake area forms today's Seechen west of the Ützdorf district . Liepnitz is said to have been derived from the Slavic word Lipna (German: Linde ) by earlier settlers. From this it can be concluded that at least in the riverside regions on the north and east edge there were predominantly linden trees.
Nature of the lake and its surroundings
The clear water with a visibility of up to 5 meters is home to various types of fish such as eels , pike , rudd , vendace , crabs and water birds such as grebes , ducks , swans , coots and herons . In order to preserve the diverse flora and fauna, no motor boats are allowed on the lake except for a diesel-powered ferry.
The main source of the lake is located in the northwest, but the lake also receives some inflow from boggy meadows in the south and east. The water flows through a small outflow in Ützdorf through the Obersee and the Hellsee near Lanke via the Hellmühler Fließ near Biesenthal into the Finowfließ . This establishes a connection via the Alte Finow to the Finow Canal near Finowfurt . The North Sea-Baltic Sea watershed runs between the Liepnitz and Wandlitzer lakes . In contrast to the Wandlitzer See, the water of the Liepnitzsee does not flow over the Havel and Elbe into the North Sea , but over the Oder into the Baltic Sea .
The natural mixed forests with beeches , sessile oaks and pines as well as alder trees on the banks that existed before human settlement were partly destroyed by the medieval clearing, partly they were also decimated by overexploitation . The afforestation was then mostly done with pines, so that silting occurred and instead of the alder breaks, meadows could spread. Some larches , birches and oaks were also planted in the Middle Ages. The oldest surviving oak was placed under nature protection in the 20th century (photo). However, it was so hollowed out in 2010 that foresters had to fell it in spring 2011 because it posed a danger.
In the 1960s, an asphalt forest road was laid out on the hills of the Ice Age terminal moraine around the lake, which is also popular with cyclists. Here the lake can be completely circumnavigated over a length of around 8 km, whereby Ützdorf has to be crossed. A signposted hiking trail leads around the lake directly on the shore, but it is interrupted on the north side of a shore area that was renatured in 1995. A mixed forest of pine , beech, oak, alder and some spruce surrounds the lake in the 21st century. A nature trail that was laid out around 1980 was no longer maintained and can still be discovered (status 2010).
The zoning plan of the city of Bernau near Berlin , which is responsible for the forest area around the lake, identifies beech forests on the Liepnitzsee with typical red beech , bog forests, eutrophic lakes as well as transitional and swinging turf bogs under EU number DE 3246-303 FFH areas .
Großer Werder island
The 34-hectare island of Großer Werder , which can be reached via a seasonal ferry (landing stages east and west of Ützdorf), is under the administration of Wandlitz , but the property rights have been with the city of Berlin since October 19, 1914 , which they then belonged to from Count von Redern for a purchase price of around 20,000 gold marks .
In the 1920s, a campsite was established on the island, which was constantly being expanded and in 1990 had over 250 parking spaces, which were mainly used by long-term campers. In order to supply the tenters with the bare essentials, the owner approved the construction of a small permanent estate on the northern tip of the island next to the Nikolaus family's farmstead, which had existed since the 18th century. One bungalow became the Insulaner-Klause , another building serves as a warehouse and boathouse for a ferry, and the ferryman's family lives in another little house during the summer months. After the reunification of Germany in 1990, there were considerable problems with the continued use of the campsite, as the federal German regulations now in force were not complied with in many ways. Among other things, there was a lack of communal sanitary facilities, a laundry room, night lighting on the paths and access for emergency vehicles. The campers concerned formed the Campingfreunde Liepnitzsee e. V. (ICL), registered under the number VR 03/90 at the Bernau District Court. As of the year 2000, thanks to promised and implemented improvements, they were able to continue using them as a natural campsite for a maximum of 99 pitches for a period of ten years . It seems that the use has already been extended because the ICL continues to operate the seasonal campsite. She also takes care of keeping things clean, garbage disposal and other things during the season. There are no official bathing areas on the island, but any suitable bay can be used. On the main path there is a nude bathing area that was designated as a nudist beach in 2017 and is signposted in several languages.
The highest point on the island is 73 m above sea level. NN . The early use has been archaeologically secured through finds of stone chisels, a stone ax , urn shards and fire earth.
Use of the shore region of the lake
First there was a secluded forester's house between the Bernau Forest and the lakeshore in the 19th century. Then the private man Wilhelm Schmidt had an inn ( Liepnitz-Schmidt ) built in a bay directly on the south-west bank by 1910 on the basis of a liquor license . The excursionists and hikers had rentable fishing huts on jetties, a boat rental and a bowling alley , a small game reserve and a sun terrace were the attractions. The hotel was abandoned by its owners when it was occupied by the Soviet Army in 1945, which then used it for two years and finally set it on fire in 1947. After the brick building was destroyed to the ground and the settlers had carried away some useful building material, the remains were filled in in the early 1960s. In the meantime, nature has reclaimed large areas, and a small piece of paved road gives attentive strollers a corresponding hint.
In this bay there is a bathing area with a reed-roofed building on the opposite northern bank, which was used by the residents of the nearby forest settlement , including important GDR politicians , but especially their children, to relax. From 1992 it was redesigned into a public forest pool , which is designed for a visitor capacity of 1500 guests. The building is used by the lifeguards and is also a boathouse for the canoes, row boats and pedal boats that can be borrowed .
A little known fact was the use of the Liepnitzsee to supply drinking water to the forest settlement. For the houses of the GDR politicians, water was pumped out to a depth of about 5 meters in the southern lake area and fed to the settlement via a pipeline with filters and valves (pumping station on the slope). After the fall of the Wall , the line was probably shut down, but the buildings were still preserved and locked in 2010.
The forest, bike and hiking trail already mentioned above on the heights around the lake was given a refuge and party hut to the east, about one kilometer from Ützdorf, in 2009. The high tables , benches and a fireplace, protected by a log cabin-like roof , make picnics for larger hiking groups possible. A long tree trunk from which a whole group of wild boars has been carved out in the upper half is a special eye-catcher .
In the eastern bay, the settlement area Ützdorf extends along two streets, which belongs to Lanke, which in turn is part of the large municipality of Wandlitz . A hotel Jägerheim and a youth hostel offer relaxation and refreshment opportunities for hikers. North-west of Ützdorf, between the forest path and the Liepnitzsee bank, there is a small garden with the Seechen hiding on the edge .
Above the ferry landing on the north-east bank, the Am Liepnitzsee campsite has been developing since the 1990s and is privately operated and also has parking spaces for caravans and two holiday rooms. It covers an area of 6 hectares and is open between March and October. The ADAC tested the condition, the service and the beach of this campsite in 2010 and included it in its camping guide.
Airplane (s) in the lake
On September 12, 1944, an American Boeing B-17 ("Belle of the Brawl") bomber sank in the Liepnitzsee. It was in a squadron group of 99 bombers coming from Eberswalde to Berlin. On board were a total of ten crew members under the command of the pilot Major Robert Farwell. After a fire broke out on board, everyone was able to jump with the parachute. But only eight survived the jump and were then taken prisoner, including the pilot. The driverless plane crashed into the lake. In later years it was gradually cannibalized by amateur divers, only a few small pieces of debris are said to be still in the mud.
In the bay in front of Ützdorf, a German fighter plane (a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 , according to other reports a Messerschmitt Bf 110 G9) is said to be lying on the bottom of the Liepnitzsee. This plane crashed here in January 1945 after enemy fire. Before that, the pilot was able to drop the bombs on board over the Liepnitz forest, three bomb craters could be seen for years and only gradually grew over.
After the end of the war, several residents had seen a boat built from two aircraft tanks cruising around on the water. The divers who had been on the way to the wreckage of aircraft in the Liepnitzsee in the 2000s even saw the boat with the tanks as a pedal boat.
See also
literature
- Sabine Magerl: Outside the city . In: The time . No. 40/2003.
- Bernhard Thieme, Marita and Uwe Friedrich: Wandlitz. bebra verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-930863-79-0 .
- Achim Rosenhahn: Liepnitzsee - Pictures & Thoughts, TEIA - Internet Academy and Textbook Verlag 2014, ISBN 978-3-944658-15-5 .
Web links
- Homepage of the camping friends from Großer Werder in Liepnitzsee with some pictures
- Bathing water profile (PDF)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c bathing water profile on badestellen.brandenburg.de. Retrieved August 24, 2020 .
- ↑ Berlin and the surrounding area 1774/75; Schulenburg-Schmettausches map series. Sources on the history of German cartography . Original in the Berlin State Library
- ^ Information from a local tour of Wandlitz with the director of the history workshop on June 13, 2010.
- ↑ Volkmar Gäbler: hiking guide Wandlitzsee - Liepnitzsee. The most beautiful hikes between Bernau and Oranienburg. Tourist Verlag Kümmerly + Frey, 1993/94, ISBN 3-350-00836-4 , p. 9ff.
- ↑ Protected areas / FFH: beech forests on Liepnitzsee. Retrieved April 26, 2019 .
- ^ Postcard from Liepnitzwerder 1903 with ferry, homestead and a river bank ( page no longer available , search in web archives ); Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- ↑ Jens Rümmler: With Frieda across the water. Dieter Heymann has been bringing guests to an island in Liepnitzsee for 26 years. In: Märkische Allgemeine from April 25, 2007
- ^ Homepage of the Campingfreunde Liepnitzsee interest group , accessed on August 16, 2012.
- ^ History of the Great Werder , collected press articles, impressions on the homepage of Inselfreunde ( page no longer available , search in web archives ); Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- ^ Website of the Camping Am Liepnitzsee ( memento from June 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ); Retrieved June 14, 2010
- ↑ ADAC camping guide with details on the campsite at Liepnitzsee near Ützdorf , accessed on August 8, 2011
- ↑ a b The Liepnitzsee near Berlin - The search for an airplane wreck , report by two divers on www.easydive; accessed on April 26, 2019.
- ↑ Robert H Farwell and all other crew members by name - details on the American Air Force Museum website , accessed April 27, 2019.