List of Heads of State 678

Overview
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Other events

America

• Maya
  • Caracol
    • Ruler : K'ak 'Ujol K'inich II. (658–680)
  • Copan
    • Ruler : Rauch Imix (628–695)
  • Palenque
    • Ruler : K'inich Janaab Pakal I (615–683)
  • Tikal
    • Ruler : Nuun Ujol Chaak (around 650–679)

Asia

• Bagan
  • King : Peitthon (652–710)

• China
  • Emperor : Tang Gaozong (649–683)

• Iberia (Kartlien)
  • King : Adarnase II. Patrikios (650–684)

• India
  • Chalukya
    • King : Vikramaditya I (655–680)
  • Eastern Chalukya
    • King : Vishnuvardhana II (673–682)
  • Pallava
    • King : Paramesvara Varman (670–685)
  • Pandya
    • King : Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (670–710)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Temmu (672–686)

• cashmere
  • King : Pratapaditya (661–711)

• Empire of the Khmer
  • King: Jayavarman I (657-681)

• Korea
  • Balhae
    • King : Sejo Yeol (669–698)
  • Silla
    • King : Munmu (661–681)

• Caliphate of the Muslims
  • Caliph : Muʿāwiya I (661–680)

• Tibet
  • King : Düsong Mangpo Je (676–704)

Europe

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Constantine IV (668–685)

• England ( heptarchy )
  • East Anglia
    • King : Ealdwulf (664–713)
  • Essex
    • King : Sighere (664–690) and Sebbi (664–694)
  • Kent
    • King: Hlothhere (673–685)
  • Mercia
    • King : Æthelred (675–704)
  • Northumbria
    • King : Ecgfrith (670–685)
  • Wessex
    • King : Centwine (676–685)

• Frankish Empire
  • Neustria
    • King of Neustria and Burgundy : Theuderic III. (675-691)
    • Hausmeier: Ebroin (656–681)
  • Austrasia
    • King: Dagobert II (676–679)
    • Hausmeier : Wulfoald (662–680)
  • Autonomous areas:
    • Duke of Baiern : Theodo I (640–680)
    • Duke of Thuringia : Heden I (642–687)

• Longobard Empire
  • King : Perctarite (671–688)
  • Autonomous Lombard Duchies:
    • Duke of Benevento : Romuald I (662–687)
    • Duke of Friuli : Landar (670–688)
    • Duke of Spoleto : Transamund I (663–703)

• Scotland
  • Dalriada
    • King : Maelduin (673–688)
  • Strathclyde
    • King : Elfin (around 658–693?)
  • Picts
    • King : Brude III. mac Bile (around 671 / 672–692 / 693)

• Wales
  • Gwynedd
    • King : Cadwaladr Fendigaid ap Cadwallon (655–682)

• Visigoth Empire
  • King : Wamba (672–680)

Religious leaders

• Pope : Donus (676-678)
• Pope: Agatho (678-681)
• Patriarch of Constantinople: Theodoros I (677-679)