List of Heads of State 681

Overview
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America

• Maya
  • Copan
    • Ruler : Rauch Imix (628–695)
  • Palenque
    • Ruler : K'inich Janaab Pakal I (615–683)

Asia

• Bagan
  • King : Peitthon (652–710)

• China
  • Emperor : Tang Gaozong (649–683)

• Iberia (Kartlien)
  • King : Adarnase II. Patrikios (650–684)

• India
  • Chalukya
    • King : Vinayaditya (680–696)
  • Eastern Chalukya
    • King : Vishnuvardhana II (673–682)
  • Pallava
    • King : Paramesvara Varman (670–685)
  • Pandya
    • King : Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (670–710)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Temmu (672–686)

• cashmere
  • King : Pratapaditya (661–711)

• Empire of the Khmer
  • King: Jayavarman I (657-681)

• Korea
  • Balhae
    • King : Sejo Yeol (669–698)
  • Silla
    • King : Munmu (661–681)
    • King: Sinmun (681–691)

• Caliphate of the Muslims
  • Caliph : Yazid I (680-683)

• Tibet
  • King : Düsong Mangpo Je (676–704)

Europe

• Bulgaria
  • Khan : Asparuch (679-700)

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Constantine IV (668–685)

• England ( heptarchy )
  • East Anglia
    • King : Ealdwulf (664–713)
  • Essex
    • King : Sighere (664–690) and Sebbi (664–694)
  • Kent
    • King: Hlothhere (673–685)
  • Mercia
    • King : Æthelred (675–704)
  • Northumbria
    • King : Ecgfrith (670–685)
  • Wessex
    • King : Centwine (676–685)

• Frankish Empire
  • King: Theuderic III. (679-691)
  • Neustria
    • Hausmeier: Ebroin (656–681)
    • Hausmeier: Waratto (681–686)
  • Austrasia
  • Hausmeier: Pippin the Middle (680–687)
  • Autonomous areas:
    • Duke of Baiern : Theodo II. (680–717)
    • Duke of Thuringia : Heden I (642–687)

• Longobard Empire
  • King : Perctarite (671–688)
  • Autonomous Lombard Duchies:
    • Duke of Benevento : Romuald I (662–687)
    • Duke of Friuli : Landar (670–688)
    • Duke of Spoleto : Transamund I (663–703)

• Scotland
  • Dalriada
    • King : Maelduin (673–688)
  • Strathclyde
    • King : Elfin (around 658–693?)
  • Picts
    • King : Brude III. mac Bile (around 671 / 672–692 / 693)

• Wales
  • Gwynedd
    • King : Cadwaladr Fendigaid ap Cadwallon (655–682)

• Visigoth Empire
  • King : Erwig (680–687)

Religious leaders

• Pope : Agatho (678-681)
• Patriarch of Constantinople: Georgios I (679–686)